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The present study aims to investigate the aggregate analysis of linguistic variables of South Ruedbar language varieties in Kerman province by using the dialectometry and mapping software package with a quantitative and holistic approach. Data collection has been done from 22 sites from the south seven cities of Kerman province. For this purpose, a questionnaire containing 208 words and 10 basic sentences based on ‘National Language Atlas Project Questionnaire of Iran’ and ‘Morris Swadesh basic list words’ are used. The validity of mentioned questionnaire was 0.98 based on Cronbach’s alpha test. The results of aggregate analysis showed that 6 major dialect clusters are distinct and these dialect clusters are divided into subclusters. Each of these dialect clusters has distinct phonetical, phonological, morphological, or syntactical features that set it apart from other clusters. Based on statistical analysis, the ‘A’ dialect cluster due to the use of the continuous prefix /mi-/ and plural suffix /-hɑ/ in comparison to other clusters has the highest similarity and the ‘B’ cluster in cases such as the use of the infinitive suffix /-eng/ and continuous suffix /-æ/ has the highest difference in terms of morphology and syntacticity with the standard Persian. The ‘J’, ‘D’, ‘H’ and ‘V’ dialect clusters despite their distinction from the standard Persian, as the use of the continuous prefix /-ʔæ/ and plural suffix /-on/, are most similar to Aeach other and in terms of phonetic process and the presence of South Ruedbar variety special phones are similar to ‘B’cluster.

 

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Every person in society has a perception of reality and the translator is no exception. Identity construction is somehow related to reality construction. So the main issue is not how the narrative is constructed as a text, but how the narrative acts as a mental tool in constructing reality and, consequently, identity. Like the controversial issue of language-thought, it is not easy to deal with narrative discourse and narrative thinking, since the reality existed in the mind, depends on the spatio-temporal framework of the culture. Eelaborating on the concept of narrative identity, and Goffman’s Frame Analysis and its applicability in the mentioned concept, this paper shows how society, as a cultural frame, forces the translator (or the publisher) to retell the narrative and to reconstruct the identity, and why this identity formation will be more pronounced in the paratextual elements (translatorial & authorial prefaces). Analyzing the frame, along with literature and media, it proposes a hybrid model based on Somers’ features (Paul Ricoeur’s Mimesis), and Goffman’s Framework for the concrete manifestation of renarration, and the incorporation of the core conception of identity formation, to indicate how orientalism concepts have been renarrated in translatorial and authorial prefaces of Edward Said’s Orientalism, affected by structure or agency during 80s in Iran, and how these prefaces play a role in framing readers interpretation. Finally, it has concluded that, regarding structure/agency, and the involvement of multiple agents in translation, different author-functions and identities have developed through the presentation of the prefaces in question.
 

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During a laboratory biological study of a midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot, 1827) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), acarivorous on two-spotted spider mites, some ceraphronid specimens were reared from the midge cocoons. A detailed morphological study and comparison with previously known species revealed that the ceraphronid is a new species of Aphanogmus Thomson, 1858 (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae). The new species is described as A. feltiellophagus Lotfalizadeh, sp. nov. and compared with closely related species. An identification key for all Aphanogmus species associated with predatory cecidomyiids is provided. As a parasitoid of the pupal stage of Feltiella acarisuga, the potential negative impact of A. feltiellophagus on the biological control of tetranychid mites is discussed.

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Analysis of the spatial and temporal trends of precipitation and temperature are pertinent for future development and sustainable management of water resources in a given region. In this paper, we present a study concerning the climatic behavior of two principal observables Variables, viz. monthly temperature (maximum and minimum) and mean precipitations obtained from the measurements carried out in 60 Iranian meteorological stations for 40 years from 1969 to 2008. The Mann-Kendall test was used to detect the significant trends.Results showed that during summer and autumn, the precipitation had a negative trend (at 5% significant level) in the south-eastern parts of Iran and this trend is less during spring, but no special trend was observed in winter. The minimum and the maximum temperatures did not have any particular trend in winter. Spring was accompanied by an increase in positive trend in the maximum temperatures in the south-west and north-east, while the minimum temperature only limited in the south-west parts. Positive and negative trends of the minimum temperature were very dispersed during the summer. The maximum temperatures had a negative trend in the north-west and no positive trend was observed at 5% significant level. During autumn, the temperatures indices had positive and negative trends with a wide range of dispersion.

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TheChah Nimeh reservoirs of Sistan is as one of the main water sources of Zabol City used for drinking, agriculture, industry and livestock purposes. This study aimed to determine the contribution of the natural and concentration factors of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and Cu in sediment of Chah Nimeh of Sistan. The concentrations of heavy metals in surface sediments were studied in six stations during 2013. To determine the concentration of the heavy metals atomic absorption spectrometer (Contr AA 700) was used. Sequential extraction analysis  was applied based on the share of natural and concentration factor sources of heavy metals. Sequential extraction analysis showed that a considerable part of the Pb (63.67%), Cd (55.17%) and Cu (57.17%) were from natural sources. The highest concentrations of Cd and Pb were 0.81 and 5.57 mg kg^-1, respectively, obtained in station one and the maximum Cu concentration was observed in station five (37.8 mg kg^-1), while the lowest concentration of Cd, Pb and Cu were 0.34, 3.95 and 31.4 mg kg^-1, respectively.

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Provinces of Iran bordering with Iraq were battle fields during Iran-Iraq war and today are among tourist attracting places in Iran. The factors provoking tourists to see these regions are important to characterize because the needs of the tourists should be identified and supplied. This paper tries to characterize factors driving and provoking the tourists who visit battle fields in Kermanshah. The research method adopted here is field finding and the data gathering procedure is based on library and field findings (N= 384) methods. The T-test and Friedman Test are used to analyze the data. The research sample includes the tourists who visited battle fields in Kermanshah in 2018. Random sampling is used to reach the required sample. The research results show that driving factors are more effective than attracting factors in journey to visit the battle fields in Kermanshah. Political-national identity, perseverance, curiosity and self-flourishing factors are among the most important driving factors with 3.32, 2.85, 2.37 and 1.45 mean rank, respectively. And location holiness, leisure and necessity are among the most important attracting factors with 2.59, 1.72 and 1.69 mean rank, respectively.

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Effective Altruism has discussed helping others both in the domain of theoretical foundations and in the domain of practical foundations. In fact, helping others includes helping other humans, animals, the environment, and any other thing that improves the conditions of men and the world, and the discussion of this issue is of a background as ancient as human existence itself. The Most Good You Can Do by Peter Singer, one of the contemporary thinkers in practical ethics, contains four parts and fifteen chapters. The book has discussed the issue of helping others in a very proper and, of course, effective and applied manner, and it is unique in its specific domain; but the most significant point of weakness of this book is its negligence of the role of global organizations in prevention from war, etc., which in turn can play an effective and even fundamental role in the domain of altruism. 
 

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Research subject: In recent years, there are so many attractions in the field of effective detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Detection of VOCs compounds, are very important in many applications and industries such as air pollution control, air quality control, food packaging, food quality control, disease diagnostic, agriculture etc. The sensitivity and selectivity of the prepared sensors to detect of VOCs needs to improve.   
 Research approach: A conductive polymer composite sensitive layer based on poly (lactic acid) as polymer matrix and multiwall carbon nanotubes as conductive filler was prepared to detect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). For this purpose the porous sensitive layer was prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. In this structure, chloroform (low boiling point temperature) was used as the solvent and ethanol (high boiling point temperature) was used as a non-solvent. The sensitive layer was used to detect of toluene, methanol, and chloroform. The structure and morphology of synthesized layer was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET test.
Main results: The investigation indicated that the phase separation method induced the open cell morphology into the conductive composite. The BET results showed that the specific surface area of composite increased to 22.3 m²/gr. The experimental results showed that the response properties of porous layers was improved dramatically in comparison with dense layers. It was related to the increase of specific surface area of polymer composite and therefore the increase of diffusion coefficient of analyte molecules into the polymer matrix. Finally the sensitivity and selectivity of porous sensitive layers was investigated based on Flory-Huggins interaction parameter.
 

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Protein hydrolysate (PH) from viscera of cultured Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) was produced. To optimize the production conditions, Response Surface Method (RSM) was employed to examine the effects of three different operating conditions, including time, pH, and enzymatic concentration (Alcalase) on the degree of hydrolysis.The mathematical model showed acceptable fitness of the experimental data as R2 equaled 0.97, which indicated  that   major part of  the  variability  within  the  range  of  values could  be explained  by  the  model. The results showed that the highest degree of hydrolysis (58.21%) was related to the treatment which happened at the enzymatic concentration of 2%, 60 minutes time, and pH=8. Treatment under hydrolysis condition (i.e., E/S = 2%, Time = 45 min, and pH = 8.5) had the highest protein content (42.37g/l), which was used as an alternative to commercial peptone medium (Triptic soy broth) to assess the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria from 0 to 48 hours. Although there was an upward trend in growth rate of S. typhi both in control and No. 15 (Alcalase) treatments, the log growth of control treatment was found to be better than that of Alcalase treatment. However, there existed no significant difference between the two treatments.

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For the first time, invention of iron production technique emerged by the Hittite in Anatolia, in the mid-second millennium BC. (about 1200 BC). Hittite government collapsed and iron production technology expanded to the adjacent areas, including Iran. Soon iron was used for production of various tools, equipments, weapons, ornaments and other items. In Iran, the first iron objected, in a limited number, appeared among the remains of Iron Age I (1200-1450 BC). Iron objects are much more in the Iron Age II (1200-800BC). In the first half of the first millennium BC the widespread use of iron for making tools led to rapid technological advances and extensive changes in the social and economic structures. In this paper, the role of iron production technology in these extensive changes will be studied.     

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In recent decades, following the changes in attitudes to cultural heritage and its values, approaches of the cultural places management also been changed. A values-based approach as a current most preferred approach to heritage conservation that often called “value-led”planning or “value led conservation management”. Since to distinguish it from more traditional conservation management approaches we must know some features of value based management. This approach adopted and advocated by major conservation authorities,both at the national and international level and by major research and educational institutions such as Getty conservation institute, and some other organization and institutes like English heritage, Unesco, Heritage Lottery Fund and etc.
Reviewing international documents and related theories indicates that the value-based approach is, in many ways, a response to the recognition of the increasing complexity of heritage. It evolved in various parts of the world, for instance in Canada and the USA, and became better known through the Burra Charter, first developed by ICOMOS Australia in 1979 and subsequently updated in 1999 and 2013.The Charter promoted the assessment of the significance of a place–based on the values attributed by all stakeholders (not only by the experts) and the use of a Statement of “Significance” – that has been used to mean the overall importance of a site, determined through an analysis o f the totality of the values attributed to it. Significance also reflects
The importance a place has with respect to one or several of its values, and in relation to other comparable sites and as a basis for developing conservation and management strategies. Also best practice for heritage conservation planning in Canada and British Columbia follows a value-based approach to the stewardship and management of historic places. This approach allows the community to clearly articulate why historic places matter, and ensures confidence that identified heritage values remain for present and future generations.
After a short time this concept was developed by the work on Conservation Plans by James Kerr (1982). He brought a systematic approach to developing conservation and management plans based on values and more importantly, on the cultural significance of a heritage place to society. In the context of a value-based approach, through the concepts of stakeholder groups and values, community is considered to be placed at the core of management, so sometimes the values of different groups become incompatible and can make serious conflicts, but heritage professionals have been looking for ways to bring forth the views of all stakeholders and to resolve the conflicts that inevitably arise. In this changed environment, decisions about heritage need to be negotiated and the search is for an approach that assures equity, avoiding those in which the values that prevail belong to the group with the most political power. In value based management heritage is not self evident,with intrinsic/inherent values, as in a material-based or traditional approach; it is people / stakeholder groups that ascribe (subjective) values to it and define heritage, and thus heritage is seen as an extrinsic and social process.Therefore, the main purpose of this approach is to maintain significance and promote the values which attributed to the place by all community groups. This management process uses heritage values to guide decision making about historic places. Heritage values are defined as the historic, aesthetic, spiritual, social, cultural, and scientific significance or importance of a place for past, present, or future generations. When beginning a value-based management system, it is best to have an understanding of the heritage values of the community as a whole before trying to understand the significance of individual places. The context study develops this big-picture understanding of why citizens care about the character and identity of the community, and how that has been shaped over time.

After presenting theoretical basics of value-based management in international levels, a section of essay is about Islamic culture and its perspective on cultural heritage management to clarify the common points of national and interinternational theoretical basis and extracting cultural heritage value priorities. The Holy Qur'an as the main reference of the Muslims and the pursuit of all values in the Islamic society can be a reliable source for examining the past position, cultural heritage and its values, the way of management and policy making in Islamic culture. In Islamic society, all personal and social relations and the rules governing it directly or indirectly originate from the concepts of the Qur'an and are in fact the best reference for obtaining social values; Since there is a strong relationship between the policies of heritage conservation management and social values in each society, the important rule of the Holy Qur'an cannot be denied in violation of social values in Islamic societies. That’s the truth that there are no direct and explicit references to cultural heritage, priority of values and their role in policy making and management in the holy Quran, but it can be deduced from some analyzes that Mahdi Hojjat (one of the great experts of Iranian cultural heritage has) given to Quranic verses in this regard that they can be used to provide a conceptual framework for research.
However the holy Qur'an as the encyclopedia and the origins of the Islamic community values has repeatedly emphasized on the cultural heritage and its values indirectly as with the perception of some of its verses we can prioritize the values attributed to cultural heritage into three main categories : 1- sociocultural values 2- historical-documentary values and 3- Instrumental values. After After classifying values they can applied in setting the policy framework based on Islamic social values system. The reality is that, management in the Islamic society should be based on the requirements of the local community and respect for them and this is exactly in line with the same international principles that nowadays emphasized by the formulation of management and conservation programs based on the partnership and needs of all stakeholders and the local community.
This paper seeks to develop a conceptual framework for value-based management through providing the whole process of management plan as a tool for value-based management. It can be achieved by reviewing international documents, operational guidelines of Institutions on the one hand, and the related theories and Islamic culture on the other, So based on research goals, the qualitative research methodology is chosen and with applying logical reasoning strategy as well as ‘content analysis’ and ‘logical inference. According to value-based management conceptual framework in this paper, significance that includes tangible and intangible values of the heritage, introduced as the core of proposed framework;to maintain the significance of place,three Steps should be considered: 1- Understanding the place 2- Developing policies and 3- Management. This process realized by participation of all conservationists, local communities and stakeholders. Finally, according to research studies and conceptual model, this article provides a general process for the management of cultural and historical places based on values-led approach.

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Abstract: Current study is a pioneer quantitative analysis of Mazandarani (Tabari) language varieties, and aims to contribute to Mazandarani Dialectometry, as well as to substantiate its dialect continuum. We applied a computational measure of pronunciation differences to a database of 4521 word pronunciations of 62 entries –originating in “The National Project of The Linguistic Atlas of Iran”- from 73 sites throughout northern Iran -bounded to the Myankaleh Peninsula in North, to the Alborz Mountains in South, to Gorgan Golf in East, and to the Babolsar and Savadkuh cities in West. 38% of subjects were females their average age and education were respectively 36 years and 6 years of primary school. The result is a comprehensive view of the increasing aggregate pronunciation differences from Southeast to Northwest. The calculated language distance index outlined Galeshi as a Mazandarani dialect and four Mazandarani regional accents mapped in Northeastern (Myankaleh Peninsula), Southeastern (Galugah County), Central (Naka and Sari districts), and western (Juybar City) regions.

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Aims: A strong association has been documented between diabetes mellitus (DM) and oral diseases. Since dental clinicians are mainly responsible for the oral health of the general population, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of dental students in Tehran regarding the oral health of diabetic patients.
Instrument & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a researcher-designed questionnaire with 3 domains and 32 questions (5 demographic, 21 knowledge, and 6 practice questions) was used for data collection. After assessing the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, 130 senior dental students attending Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, Shahed, and Islamic Azad University dental schools were requested to fill it out. Data were analyzed by the linear regression model using SPSS version 20.
Findings: The mean age of the participants was 24.6±2.47 years. The response rate was 94%. Half of the students were females (n=70, 53%). The mean knowledge and practice scores of the students were 15.29±2.32 out of 21, and 4±1.19 out of 6, respectively. The students with a higher grade point average score acquired higher knowledge and attitude scores (p=0.00). A significant inverse correlation was found between the practice and the age of students (p=0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate the moderate level of knowledge and practice of dental students in Tehran regarding the oral health of diabetic patients. Educational interventions and revision of dental curricula may enhance the knowledge and practice of dental students in this respect.
 

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The present research is conducted in the framework of the comparative literature of the American school which compared two odes created by two prominent Arab and Iranian poets, namely Ibn Zaydun Andalsi (394-463) and Mas’oud Sa’d Salman (439-515). These two poets spent some time in prison and wrote valuable poems about their captivity. In this article, the author has selected a prison poem of each poet and compared them in a descriptive-analytical way. The similar position of the poets and the identical motives in Literary Creation and the same themes in the odes are the reasons for choosing these two works for comparison.
The research shows that the odes of Ibn Zaydun are similar to a mirror which reflects the sorrow of love and captivity. The decaying youth of captivity has aroused the most regrets, and the propitiation has been mixed with soft blame. Praise has the tone of advice. The poet's pride is more destructive than boastful. In Mas’ud's ode, we noticed the whine of a compensatory prisoner who sees the world as a manifestation of conflict and discrimination, realized in the words, style, imagination and vertical texture of the poem. The length of the prison has connected Massoud's mind and language with matter and place more than that of the Ibn Zaydun.
 

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Mannea is the most important state, which was established before Median kingdom and ruled on vast part of northwestern Iran for several centuries. Manneaen were from Hurrian race and language and probably entered the region about 1500 B.C. In their political life although they suffered many inva-sions from Assyria and Urartu, they kept their political and cultural independence and expended their power and realm in next period. In spite of this historical fact and available archaeological data, up to the present time no notable study about Mannea has been conducted and therefore basic aspects of Manneaen culture have remained unknown. The present study undertakes to accomplish this.

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Aims: This study investigated the dimensions of mental health literacy and its relationship with quality of life among students at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized a stratified cluster sampling method involving 220 students in 2024. Data were collected using a Mental Health Literacy Scale and a Quality of Life Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 with independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis.
Findings: The means and standard deviations of mental health literacy and quality of life were 83.96±7.62 and 33.98±6.22, respectively. There was a significant relationship between mental health literacy and the quality of life of students. There were significant correlations between mental health literacy and sex, education level, family history of mental illness, referral to a psychologist/psychiatrist, and place of residence (p<0.001). Additionally, there was a significant relationship between quality of life and sex, education level, and history of mental illness (p<0.001). Participants’ ability to recognize mental disorders, knowledge of available professional help, and attitudes toward help-seeking behavior were significantly associated with a family history of mental illness.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between mental health literacy and quality of life among students at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.
 

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Previous studies have shown that Astragalus Gossypinus species of gum tragacanth are able to stabilize oil in water emulsion. Today, irradiation is used to disinfect many polymers. Results have shown that irradiation treatment has a significant effect on molecular weight and functional properties of Gums, especially Gum tragacanth. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of irradiated Gum tragacanth at doses 0, 1/5, 3, 5 kGy on the emulsion stability index of oil in water emulsion which contain 0.5% w/w gum tragacanth and 10% w/w sun flower oil was studied by measuring creaming index. In order to monitor the mechanism of stabilization, rheological properties and particle size distributing parameters were measured. Rheological properties were measured by using rheometer and particle size distribution was determined using laser diffractometry. All treatments were performed three times and the data were analyzed by one way ANOVA. Significant differences between means were identified (P values < 0.05) using Duncan test. Results indicated thatrheological properties, particle size distributing and the stability of oil in water emulsion has been affected by irradiation. These changes are dependent on irradiation dose. Results show that irradiation treatment at 1.5 kGy created the most stable system by changing the studied parameters.

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There are many differences in opinion about determining the origin of contemporary Iranian history. Throughout the Pahlavi period, efforts were made to identify the coup of 1921 and the rise of Reza Shah as the origin of contemporary Iranian history. By drawing a dark picture of the general situation in Iran during the Qajar period, especially the critical situation of the country on the Eve of the coup of 1921, the Pahlavi supporters tried to introduce Reza Shah as the founder of modern Iran and the coup of 1921 as the origin of contemporary Iranian history. The main problem of this article is whether the coup of 1921 and the rise of Reza Shah is the origin of contemporary Iranian history? Evaluating and criticizing the ideas presented about Reza Shah by official historians of the Pahlavi period as well as some independent historians, the author argues that the origin of contemporary Iranian history is not the coup of 1921 or the reign of Reza Shah. Because the modernizations of Reza Shah's period, despite their vast and diversity, contained contradictions that makes Iranian society to internal tensions and crises, and the type of Reza Shah's monarchy belonged to the pre-constitutional period in terms of the logic of historical change and could never include Iran enter to a new era of civilization. Therefore, the origin of contemporary Iranian history is not the coup of 1921, but the Constitutional Revolution.