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  The effect of adding Eleaagnus angustifolia  powder to quality characteristics of burger’s bread                an 5,10 and 15 percent levels was checked. Moisture and tissue’s characteristics (Hardness,Springiness,cohesivness) of treatment and blank breads was measured in first, third and fifth days. A test was done  Hedonic test, color measurement and, assessment of porosity and scattering of cavities in bread’s texture in first day.The results show increasing levels of Eleaagnus angustifolia  in breads lead to increase moisture, decrease volume , porosity and darker appearance than to control sample.The evaluation of textural preperties determined above the 10 perecent levels of Eleaagnus angustifolia  powder lead to increase textural Hardness of bread.on the other hand, adding Eleaagnus angustifolia’s powder , in all levels , lead to reduction in of intransitive powder for cutting beard. In terms of staling process , during the retention time , the sample which contains 10 perecent of Eleaagnus angustifolia’s powder staled slower than the other sample in the period of maintenance and  15 percent’s sample had most stale’speed. According to analysing the sensory evaluation, 10 percent sample had most acceptance. Generally according to the results treatment bread included 10 percent of eleaagnus angustifolia’s powder,will suggest for greater acceptance ,lower hardness, procrastination in staling and increas the amount of fiber.  

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A few species of aphids are widespread and economically important in Iran's apple orchards. In this study, we looked for economical, environmentally friendly, and efficient management of aphids with particular emphasis on green apple aphid (GAA) Aphis pomi (de Geer). We aimed to avoid early-season pesticide applications, avoiding specific applications for aphid control and managing them via applications done against codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella L., choosing suitable insecticide and dose to minimize side effects on prevalent natural enemies. Thus, CM was monitored by pheromone traps from mid-March in an apple orchard of the Agricultural Research Station of the University of Tabriz to determine the time of application based on degree days accumulated from a biofix. The number of GAA, rosy apple aphid (RAA), Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini, and their natural enemies were counted separately. It is known that GAA is the predominant aphid, and two species of ladybirds, Coccinella septempunctata (L.), and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), are dominant species of the region. Acetamiprid was chosen as an effective insecticide against both CM and aphids. The lethal effects of this compound were studied on different stages of H. variegata and the last instar GAA. The orchard was divided into four plots, and each plot was assigned to a treatment including control, label dose (LD), ½ LD, and ¼ LD. Although LD killed 10% more GAA than ¼ LD, the damage intensity was 12-16% higher in the former. Considering economic benefits and reducing side effects on natural enemies, we recommend using ¼ LD of acetamiprid.




 

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Botrytis cinerea is one of the most important harmful fungi affecting agricultural products. This study focused on the expression changes of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with this fungus. The expression dataset of a microarray and two RNA-sequencing were integrated using the respective software. The list of differentially expressed genes was extracted, and the key genes with altered expression were identified through Cytoscape software. These key genes co-expression patterns and functional enrichment were analyzed. Subsequently, microRNAs and transcription factors associated with these genes were predicted. Ten genes, including GAPA-2, SBPASE, CRB, HCEF1, CaS, ATPD, LIL3:1, PSAH2, PRK, and PMDH2, were identified as crucial down-regulated genes. Additionally, ten genes, namely WRKY33, CZF1, SZF1, STZ, ERF11, RHL41, BAP1, AT1G07135, CMPG2, and TET8, were highlighted as key up-regulated genes. The key roles of the hub genes with a decreased expression included processes and pathways associated with the reductive pentose phosphate cycle, photosynthesis, cold response, fructose and sucrose metabolism, defense response against bacteria, and gluconeogenesis. The key over-expressed genes played important roles in responding to chitin, oxygen deprivation, temperature fluctuations, injuries, fungal attacks, and gene transcription functions. Key genes were associated with ath-miR850, ath-miR393a-5p, and ath-miR393b-5p. Transcription factor SPL7 was linked to the transcription of down-regulated key genes, while transcription factors SARD1, PIF5, CAMTA1, HY5, WRKY33, TOC1, CAMTA3, CAMTA2, BZR1, FAR1, and CAMTA5 were also predicted to be associated with up-regulated genes. Some of these results have not previously been reported. Therefore, they could be used to design practical experiments exploring the interaction between plants and pathogenic fungi.
 

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Milk, from its production to consumption, is exposed to a variety of microbial and chemical contaminants. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is one of the most important contaminants in milk, which has always received attention due to its carcinogenic and destructive effects on the consumer. Accordingly, the rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective identification of AFM1 in milk is essential. In the present paper, an electrochemical aptasensor based on screen printed electrode (SPE) modified with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was proposed to identify AFM1 in cow milk samples. SPE was activated by applying a potential within the range of -1.5 to +1 V versus the reference electrode at a scan rate of 200 mV/s for 5 continuous cycles in the 0.5 M sulfuric acid and 0.1 M potassium chloride solution. Changes of the electrode surface at different stages of preparation were assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Using CV in optimal conditions, it was found that the aptasensor presents a concentration range of 100-700 ng/l and a limit of detection (LOD) of 50 ng/l.  There was a linear relationship between changes of the current peak (∆I) and analyte concentration. This relationship follows the regression equation of ∆I=0.0209C+2.14 (R²=0.9897). Calculation of the relative standard deviation (RSD=3.2%) indicated the acceptable repeatability of the electrochemical aptasensor. The current peak was obtained to be 7.4% in the investigation of RSD reproducibility, indicating the good reproducibility of the electrochemical aptasensor. The obtained results showed that the aptasensor response after 8 days has only reduced by 7% compared to the first day, indicating the desirable stability of the aptasensor. The recovery percentage range for cow milk samples at concentrations of 100 and 200 ng/l was obtained to be 86.5 and 93%, respectively, showing the acceptable recovery percentage of the electrochemical aptasensor.

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Destructive organizational behaviors are emerging in various forms. Organizational bullying, with negative effects on work environments, directly and negatively affects people's health and imposes a high cost on the organization and results in a reduction in productivity. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to investigate the role of organizational bullying in occupational psychological characteristics (job engagement, job stress and job insecurity). This research is applied and descriptive - correlation method was used. The statistical population of queue staff was divided into five service organizations with 800 individual. The sample was determined according to the Morgan table and stage sampling method of 261. Data collected by questionnaire which its validity and reliability were confirmed and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.849. Results of tentative analysis and data analysis by structural equation modeling showed that organizational bullying has a positive effect on job stress and job insecurity in employees. Also, the results showed that organizational bullying reduced job engagement among employees