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Volume 1, Issue 4 (Fall 2023)
Abstract
Aggregation and concentration of industries and the production of more complex products due to economies of scale can cause technology spillover. The development of industrial and complex processes requires energy, and the use of energy causes carbon emissions. Now this question arises, what are the effects of technology and industrial agglomeration on the environment? The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of economic complexity and industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions in a panel of emerging economies during the period 1990–2022. For this purpose, first, the industrial agglomeration was calculated based on the location entropy index, and then, in the new panel approach, the method of moment quantile regression (MMQREG) was used to investigate the effects of economic complexity and industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions. The results showed that increasing the economic complexity index has different effects on carbon emissions. The results of parameter estimation showed that industrial agglomeration increases carbon emissions in high quantiles. The results show that economic growth and energy consumption increase carbon emissions in all quantiles, and urbanization helps to preserve the environment. The results of Dumitrescu and Hurlin's panel causality test show a two-way relationship between industrial agglomeration and carbon emissions and a one-way relationship between economic complexity and carbon emissions.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2015)
Abstract
Aim: This study focuses on the impact of contraceptive methods on weight gain among female athletes. Clinical studies confirm that weight gain is often considered a side effect of hormonal contraceptives and many women think that an association exists; this is while, Sports Medicine and Injuries’ Studies report that this effect is still unclear. This comparative study was designed to dwell on the results of similar studies.
Method: Two groups of voluntary female athletes agreed to participate in this study. They were distributed based on the conditions proposed for this study (Group 1 took the oral contraceptive, and Group 2 practised condom) for three cycles of the ovum of the same marital lifestyle. Then they were tested based on the U.S. Federal Government’s Standard Fitness Tests for Women, and their homogeneity was calculated on the basis of age (training and chronology), the typical training program, and social condition.
Findings: Based on the research findings:
• The proposed techniques prevent pregnancy record in regulating the samples’ menstruation cycle during the experiment.
• Practising condom preserves the body weight index composition with a positive physical potential.
• Taking oral contraceptive increases the body fat with negative physical potential.
• There is a strong positive relationship between the body fat and the level of body fitness in the benefit of condom.
Conclusion: Our results are in line with the findings from similar clinical and sport medicine studies, confirming that the use of oral contraceptives increases the percentage of body fat and decreases aerobic fitness among female athletes.
Volume 5, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
The present study has been carried out in order to determine the entomofauna of four different agroecosystems from the study area, northwestern Algeria. Regular sampling was done using the Barber pitfall trap and the sweep net in addition to visual observations in the field. Nine (09) taxonomic orders of insects was identified from the four studied environments. It varies from one agroecosystem to another. Coleoptera and Orthoptera were the most represented in terms of both species and numbers. Entomofaunal diversity was more important in un-cultivated fields (diversity index = 4.15 bits, equitability = 0.89) than in arable fields (index ranging from 1.68 to 2.87 and a equitability between 0.41 and 0.72). Limited biodiversity in cultivated areas was the consequence of insect communities’ interactions disturbances caused by agricultural practices in these environments. Therefore, it is important to reduce these disturbances in order to enhance food resources, habitats and overwintering sites for insects. This will ensures sustainable entomological diversity, thereby increasing the role of biological control in pest management systems.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
There are very few reports discussing the higher level phylogeny of the chewing lice (Phthiraptera) and their roles in the evaluation of these insects. So, the aim of this work is to study the phylogeny of genera of the suborder Ischnocera in Saudi Arabia using morphological, ecological and molecular criteria trying to answer a very important question about ecological factors that affecting their evolution. The results show high degree of similarity between phylograms produced by morphological and ecological criteria and that produced by genes sequencing data of Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) and elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1). The rooted trees showed several clusters for head chewing lice and this indicated that the phenomenon of parasitizing birds’ heads evolved several times in the clade of chewing louse. This is also indicating that the position on host played a very important role in shaping the diversity of these insects. The unrooted tree which produced by analysis of COI and (EF-1) also supports the previous conclusion but added to it the impact of host habitat on such diversity. The evolutionary distance between marine birds’ chewing lice was very small and all of them appear in single line or group which far from that of terrestrial taxa of the chewing lice. Both the host habitat and the feeding position of chewing lice on their hosts played a very important role in the way by which this group of insects evolved.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (Summer 2022)
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between the stability metrics related to the center of pressure excursion measurements and the WOMAC questionnaire scores.
Method and Materials: Fourteen patients with moderate knee osteoarthritis and fourteen healthy age-matched individuals were participated to stand with open and closed eyes, and on firm and rocking support on a force platform. The WOMAC questionnaire was obtained from the patient group. One-way ANOVA was utilized to determine the effects of knee osteoarthritis, vision, and support on postural stability metrics. Spearman’s correlation was also used to indicate the correlation between the stability metrics and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) sub scores.
Findings: The anterior-posterior variability of the center of pressure was significantly greater in patients (2.7 mm, p=.003). Elimination of the visual feedback and the rocking support affected the sway area and the AP (p<.001), and the ML variability (p<.024). The pain subscore of the WOMAC questionnaire was negatively and strongly correlated to the AP total mean velocity (open-eyes: r=-.466, closed-eyes: r=-.779). The pain was positively and strongly correlated to the AP variability (open-eyes: r=.796, closed-eyes: r=.744). Patients with knee osteoarthritis showed more postural instabilities.
Conclusion: The instability in the anterior-posterior was more eminent than in the lateral direction. The pain was the most role-playing factor in the destabilization of the posture among the patients with knee osteoarthritis but may be disregarded in physically-difficult conditions of standing.
Method and Materials: Fourteen patients with moderate knee osteoarthritis and fourteen healthy age-matched individuals were participated to stand with open and closed eyes, and on firm and rocking support on a force platform. The WOMAC questionnaire was obtained from the patient group. One-way ANOVA was utilized to determine the effects of knee osteoarthritis, vision, and support on postural stability metrics. Spearman’s correlation was also used to indicate the correlation between the stability metrics and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) sub scores.
Findings: The anterior-posterior variability of the center of pressure was significantly greater in patients (2.7 mm, p=.003). Elimination of the visual feedback and the rocking support affected the sway area and the AP (p<.001), and the ML variability (p<.024). The pain subscore of the WOMAC questionnaire was negatively and strongly correlated to the AP total mean velocity (open-eyes: r=-.466, closed-eyes: r=-.779). The pain was positively and strongly correlated to the AP variability (open-eyes: r=.796, closed-eyes: r=.744). Patients with knee osteoarthritis showed more postural instabilities.
Conclusion: The instability in the anterior-posterior was more eminent than in the lateral direction. The pain was the most role-playing factor in the destabilization of the posture among the patients with knee osteoarthritis but may be disregarded in physically-difficult conditions of standing.
Volume 8, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
During the last decade, plant and microbial-derived metabolites have received growing attention as potential tools for pest management in agriculture. Pederin (C25H45NO9) is a vesicant toxin produced by Pseudomonas-like bacterial symbionts of rove beetles within the genus Paederus (Col: Staphylinidae). In this study, the toxicity of pederin to two stored product pests, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep: Pyralidae) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Col: Tenebrionidae) was evaluated using laboratory bioassays. Probit analysis estimated the median lethal concentrations of pederin as 1311.96 and 596.36ppm for E. kuehniella fourth larval instar and T. confusum adults, respectively. We also measured the activity of two major digestive enzymes (amylases and proteases) as well as three major detoxifying enzymes (P450s monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases, and carboxyl esterases) in insects treated orally with pederin. Feeding on pederin resulted in significant decrease in the activity of amylolytic, proteolytic, and carboxyl esterase enzymes, but significant increase in the activity of P450s and glutathione S-transferases. Results of this study may highlight pederin as a novel source of pesticides with unique mode of action for use in pest management programs.
Volume 8, Issue 34 (10-2020)
Abstract
Abstract
Mythology has always been associated with new capabilities from a different perspective, which highlights the explanation, understanding, and spiritual energy of the literary works for the reader. Through the archetype of the hero's journey, Campbell tries to show that most of the heroes in folk tales need to go through certain stages in order to gain self-knowledge, spiritual perfection, and spiritual and material gifts. Silent City is one of the folk tales of Lorestan province, which embeds the flawless archetype of Campbell's "Heroic Journey", and represents three main stages of "departure", "arrival" and "return". The protagonist, going through the physical and spiritual stages, finds a harmonious and godly existence by which he can have a useful possession of the physical world. In this story, traces of myths, religions, and insights, related to the creation of man and the world of creation, are much prevalent.
Research background
In this article, the story of Silent City from the book of folk tales of Lorestan is analyzed (Farahvashi, 2018). So far, no research has been done on the analysis of the symbols and elements of this story. Considering that the subject of the present study is the study of this story based on the theories of Joseph Campbell, two studies related to this subject are referred to: an applied studied following the theory; 2. a study entitled "The hero's journey in the story of Hamam Badgard based on Campbell and Jung's analyses which tries to connect the necessity of the hero's journey with the human needs for psychological development.
Objectives, questions, and hypotheses
The current study analyzes the story of Silent City based on Campbell's mythical theory of "Heroic Journey" and aims to see to what extent the story of Silent City, with different stages of "Heroic Journey", matches with Campbell's theory? The premise of the article is that the journey pattern of Campbell's hero and its various stages have a specific overlap with the rawness, experience, and maturity of the hero in the story of Silent City.
Mythology has always been associated with new capabilities from a different perspective, which highlights the explanation, understanding, and spiritual energy of the literary works for the reader. Through the archetype of the hero's journey, Campbell tries to show that most of the heroes in folk tales need to go through certain stages in order to gain self-knowledge, spiritual perfection, and spiritual and material gifts. Silent City is one of the folk tales of Lorestan province, which embeds the flawless archetype of Campbell's "Heroic Journey", and represents three main stages of "departure", "arrival" and "return". The protagonist, going through the physical and spiritual stages, finds a harmonious and godly existence by which he can have a useful possession of the physical world. In this story, traces of myths, religions, and insights, related to the creation of man and the world of creation, are much prevalent.
Research background
In this article, the story of Silent City from the book of folk tales of Lorestan is analyzed (Farahvashi, 2018). So far, no research has been done on the analysis of the symbols and elements of this story. Considering that the subject of the present study is the study of this story based on the theories of Joseph Campbell, two studies related to this subject are referred to: an applied studied following the theory; 2. a study entitled "The hero's journey in the story of Hamam Badgard based on Campbell and Jung's analyses which tries to connect the necessity of the hero's journey with the human needs for psychological development.
Objectives, questions, and hypotheses
The current study analyzes the story of Silent City based on Campbell's mythical theory of "Heroic Journey" and aims to see to what extent the story of Silent City, with different stages of "Heroic Journey", matches with Campbell's theory? The premise of the article is that the journey pattern of Campbell's hero and its various stages have a specific overlap with the rawness, experience, and maturity of the hero in the story of Silent City.
The protagonist of this story travels along the sea with the colt following the call of a wise, who seeks special land from an unknown land to heal the eyes of the king. At the beginning of the journey, the hero picks up a feather from a spring, and then, when he reaches a dark and silent city, he lights it. The city lights up. He is taken to the palace. At the request of his daughter, the king asks the hero for three things: 1. Chicken, 2. Cage, and 3. Forty horses. During the next forty days, the hero travels to a distant land to accompany the sea to meet the king's wishes. In one of the journeys, the fairy king's daughter accompanies the hero. The king asks the hero to stay silent in the city forever; but the hero does not accept it because he has to take special soil with him to heal his father's eyes. At the end of the story, after healing his father's eyes and encountering his brothers' jealousy, he returns to the silent city and marries the king's daughter. According to the archetypal stages of the hero's journey, the stages of the hero's journey in this story are analyzed based on Campbell's theory.
Departure (invitation to start the journey, rejection of the invitation, occult help, crossing the first threshold, and whale belly)
In this story, the blindness of the king and the coming of the wise are signs of invitation to travel and movement, and making the younger boy aware. The little boy's disregard for Hakim's call at first, as well as his father's dissatisfaction, can be equated with "rejecting the invitation." In the story of the silent city, we see that the sea is with the hero as an unseen aid and inhuman helper from the beginning to the end of the journey. As the guardian of the threshold, the sea urchin forbids him to remove the springs to protect them; but the hero crosses the threshold and reaches the silent city. This city is actually the stage of the whale's abdomen considering the stages of Joseph Campbell's departure.
The rite of atonement (test road, meeting with Goddess, Gods, and lord of two worlds)
Upon entering the king's palace, the hero must pass three important tests: 1. bringing a chicken, which is a symbol of the human soul and spirit, 2. Bringing a cage, which is a symbol of the human body and spirits, and 3. Bringing a horse of forty ponies, which is a symbol of the devil. Accomplishing these missions, he becomes a worthy hero, a carpenter of a princess or a goddess, and finds a godly existence. He becomes like a lord who wanders with ease without hesitation in both the material and transcendental worlds.
Return (refusal to return, crossing the threshold of return, extraterrestrial savior, ultimate achievement, reconciliation and harmony with the father, and liberation and freedom)
The protagonist of this story does not accept the king's request to stay in the silent city and remembers that he was looking for soil to heal his father's eyes, so he must return. He steps into darkness from the material and earthly world, and then goes to the transcendental land and paradise. After that, he returns to the material world with the solution of life and the final blessing. The "fairy" who came from a transcendental land with the hero is like a savior who saves him from the clutches of the earthly wicked. The ultimate achievement of the hero is the light of life and the spirit of life for the silent city, and the solution of light for the king's eyes. The hero of the story, successfully completing the cycle of departure, arrival, and return, is now ready to take on the difficult responsibilities of life like a father. But since the protagonist of this story is not dependent on his father's successor, he leaves the city silently and without any dependence, and because of this trust, he finally achieves everything.
Departure (invitation to start the journey, rejection of the invitation, occult help, crossing the first threshold, and whale belly)
In this story, the blindness of the king and the coming of the wise are signs of invitation to travel and movement, and making the younger boy aware. The little boy's disregard for Hakim's call at first, as well as his father's dissatisfaction, can be equated with "rejecting the invitation." In the story of the silent city, we see that the sea is with the hero as an unseen aid and inhuman helper from the beginning to the end of the journey. As the guardian of the threshold, the sea urchin forbids him to remove the springs to protect them; but the hero crosses the threshold and reaches the silent city. This city is actually the stage of the whale's abdomen considering the stages of Joseph Campbell's departure.
The rite of atonement (test road, meeting with Goddess, Gods, and lord of two worlds)
Upon entering the king's palace, the hero must pass three important tests: 1. bringing a chicken, which is a symbol of the human soul and spirit, 2. Bringing a cage, which is a symbol of the human body and spirits, and 3. Bringing a horse of forty ponies, which is a symbol of the devil. Accomplishing these missions, he becomes a worthy hero, a carpenter of a princess or a goddess, and finds a godly existence. He becomes like a lord who wanders with ease without hesitation in both the material and transcendental worlds.
Return (refusal to return, crossing the threshold of return, extraterrestrial savior, ultimate achievement, reconciliation and harmony with the father, and liberation and freedom)
The protagonist of this story does not accept the king's request to stay in the silent city and remembers that he was looking for soil to heal his father's eyes, so he must return. He steps into darkness from the material and earthly world, and then goes to the transcendental land and paradise. After that, he returns to the material world with the solution of life and the final blessing. The "fairy" who came from a transcendental land with the hero is like a savior who saves him from the clutches of the earthly wicked. The ultimate achievement of the hero is the light of life and the spirit of life for the silent city, and the solution of light for the king's eyes. The hero of the story, successfully completing the cycle of departure, arrival, and return, is now ready to take on the difficult responsibilities of life like a father. But since the protagonist of this story is not dependent on his father's successor, he leaves the city silently and without any dependence, and because of this trust, he finally achieves everything.
The journey pattern in the story of Silent City, like the journey of most mythical heroes in a circular round trip, completes the process of individuality and self-awareness of the hero. The main character of the story, in the course of telling the story, becomes a hero who achieves inner freedom and liberation with the help of his helper - the sea and the fairy. The story of Silent City, addresses the inner levels of the human psyche, and subconscious - the little son of the family - and the use of psychoanalytic symbols and codes showed a complete form of paying homage to the hero's journey. In this story, while showing the overlap and application of the archetype of Campbell's "Hero's Journey", the hero's journey in the context of numerous and complex social and psychological obstacles and tests, achieves ontological knowledge and ultimately discovers love.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (Spring 2023)
Abstract
Backgrounds: In developing countries like Nigeria, screening of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women remains limited due to a lack of diagnostic facilities and non-specific symptoms, leading to potential misdiagnosis of the disease as other febrile illnesses such as malaria or typhoid.
Materials & Methods: To address this issue, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anti-ZIKV IgM antibodies in pregnant women using enzyme-linked immunoassay. Additionally, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay targeted a specific region of the membrane protein (prM) gene to detect Zika virus presence in the collected serum samples. For a period of four months from December 2021 to March 2022, a total of 360 serum samples were collected from pregnant women attending antenatal care units in two tertiary hospitals located in different regions of Nigeria.
Findings: The results of this study revealed a prevalence of 17.2% (62 samples) for anti-ZIKV IgM antibodies among pregnant women. Further analysis using the RT-qPCR method detected Zika virus (prM gene) in 1.9% (7/62) of the serum samples. In addition to these virological results, the statistical analysis of sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for ZIKV infection demonstrated a significant correlation between seropositivity and various factors including ethnicity, residence, occupation, and history of arboviral diseases (p< .005).
Conclusion: Given the potential consequences of ZIKV infection in pregnant women, early diagnosis and intervention could improve maternal outcomes and prevent fetal abnormalities.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
Background: Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is usually known as the principal agent of hospital-acquired infections, particularly those related to urinary tract infections (UTIs). The purpose of tThis study aimedwas to determine ESBL (extended-spectrum B-lactamase) production and quinolone resistance (qnr) genes in cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF-1)- producing E. coli isolatesd from UTIs in Iraq.
Materials & Methods: A total of 996 E. coli isolates were obtained from UTIs infections in two general hospitals in Hillah, Babylon, Iraq (during 2014-2022), and 100 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) were cnf-1 gene carriers. ESBL production was evaluated using the double-disk synergy -test. The qnr genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Findings: Nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol resistance wasincluded 70% and 30%, respectively. ESBL production was observed among 46% of cnf-1 -carriers isolates. The qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes were detected in 18%, 21%, and 11% of the isolates, respectively. ESBL-producing isolates mainly carried the qnrB gene and showedhad the highest resistance levels to quinolones. Major risk factors of pathogenic E. coli isolation included older age (68%, p= 0.031), previous hospitalization (76%, p= 0.021), and urinary catheter (83%, p= 0.018).
Conclusion: Although the prevalenceexistence of the cnf-1 gene was not high among UPEC isolates, its prevalencerate was high among quinolone-resistant and ESBL-producing isolates. The cContinuous investigation of virulence and resistance genes is essential tfor monitoring and controlling the infections and facilitate their control. ItMore investigation is necessary to determine the virulence traits factors and resistance genes among UPEC in Iraq and to take in timely measures action to hinder the spread of resistance genes from spreading to other nosocomial isolates.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (8-2020)
Abstract
The larval nutrition of the grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, is determinant for its fitness; the amount and quality of the food ingested by larvae strongly influence the insect growth and reproduction. Utilizing appropriate artificial diets is a critical step in establishing a laboratory rearing colony. Generally, two types of diets are used in grapevine moth lab rearing, diets that stay moist and soft (agar-based diets) and those that dry out and harden with time (non-agar-based diets). Agar-based diets are satisfactory for producing small quantities of insects in small food containers, but with large containers, difficulties may occur. The relatively high cost of agar is another reason that stimulated the search for less expensive binders. To the contrary, non-agar based diets are generally used when large numbers of insects are required and where cost becomes a critical factor. In addition, many general-purpose diets (with or without agar) are used for rearing this insect. The selection of a particular diet, however, is a personal decision that should be based on the quality of the produced insects and the diet suitability for the rearing purpose. This paper discusses the artificial diets used by researchers for Lobesia botrana laboratory rearing.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (Spring 2024)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and potential risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in household pets (cats and dogs) and their owners in Chlef province in Algeria and to determine the isolates antibiotic resistance profiles.
Materials & Methods: S. aureus was isolated from nasal swabs, identified by culture on mannitol salt agar (MSA), and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the nuc gene. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were identified by their resistance to cefoxitin and PCR targeting the mecA gene. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin genes were screened by PCR. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disc diffusion method. The effect of risk factors on S. aureus nasal carriage was evaluated using a multivariable generalized linear model (GLM).
Findings: A total of 110 nasal swabs were collected: 29, 31, and 50 from dogs, cats, and their owners, respectively. The nasal carriage rate of S. aureus was 25% in household pets (22.6% in cats and 27.6% in dogs) and 22% in their owners.
MRSA isolates were recovered only from pets (6.6%); 25% of them were multidrug resistant (MDR). One MDR MRSA isolate was PVL-positive.
The age of dogs was the only risk factor significantly associated with S. aureus nasal carriage.
Conclusion: The results revealed that nasal carriage of S. aureus in household pets was relatively high, raising concern about their potential risk to human health and stressing the importance of active surveillance of S. aureus carriage in pets.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (Summer 2022)
Abstract
Aims: This research aimed to investigate the spread of COVID-19 infection among suspected adults and assess the relationship between tobacco smoking, diabetes, and high blood pressure comorbidities, and their association with susceptibility to acquiring the infection with COVID-19.
Material & Methods: This study was carried put on 214 suspected cases of CoV-2, among male and female adults (age ≥ 20 years) in 2021, and tested for CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR. Plus the IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette, along with CoV-2-related symptoms. Information on whether the subjects smoke or suffer from diabetes and high blood pressure has also been supplemented.
Findings: According to the results, the age group of 61-80 was the most affected group among the COVID-19 patients by 45%. In addition, the proportion of males infected with COVID-19 was higher across all age groups (64%) than females (36%). A significant difference was observed between the patients concerning age and gender (p<0.05). The percentage of smoker patients versus non-smokers was 47% vs 53%. The proportion of diabetics to nondiabetics was 43 % vs 57 %. As well as the ratio of hypertensive to normotensive COVID-19 patients was 62 % vs 38 %. There was a significant difference between smoker and non-smoker, diabetic and non-diabetic, and hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients in terms of affected by COVID-19 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Age, gender, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension are some risk factors for Coronavirus infection. Gender and age are associated with infection rates and their consequences. Also, the likelihood of COVID-19 infection is likely to be lowered in half for active smokers. Patients with diabetes and hypertension especially those who use ACE2-increasing medications are at a higher risk of developing a severe COVID-19 infection.
Volume 12, Issue 1 (6-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine and identify the perceptions of employees on the eve of retirement of the electricity industry about retirement to achieve a deeper understanding. Accordingly, using Zaltman's metaphorical extraction technique, the cognitive structures of employees have been studied and analyzed. The study participants were 12 people and were selected among the employees on the verge of retirement in the electricity industry using the concept sampling method. Then individuals were asked to select images for the interview session that they considered to mean retirement. In the interview session, questions related to the images were asked and then the answers were analyzed in order to discover the concepts. A total of sixteen structures were extracted, including "inevitable", "starting again", "fear and excitement of entering a new life challenge", "separation from work and loss of role", "rest, discovery and pursuit of individual interests", "Freedom and release from the cage" and "Emotional deprivation" were identified as the main structures in the consensus plan. According to the consensus plan, "start again", "separation from work and lack of role" and "inevitable", causal structures, "emotional deprivation", "fear and excitement of entering a new life challenge" and "rest, discovery and pursuit of individual interests" were considered as affected structures. The consensus map shows that the organization should take into account the relationships between structures, while strengthening the positive mentalities, change the negative mentalities of employees on the verge of retirement, and repair the retirement challenges associated with it.
Volume 14, Issue 2 (8-2014)
Abstract
In this research, microcellular thermoplastic polyurethane foams are investigated as an absorbing material in the X-band (8.2-12.4GHz) frequency range by means of numerical analysis and experiment. In the frame of this work, we aim at establishing relationships between the foams morphology including cell size and air volume fraction and their radar absorbing properties. We therefore first describe numerical method and modelling. Then numerical analysis of microcellular foams in various cell sizes and air volume fractions are explained. Then design basis and preparation of nanocomposite foams of various morphologies using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as physical foaming agent are presented. After measuring the S-Parameters of the samples by VNA, numerical and experimental results are compared and finally we establish structure/properties relationships that are essential for further optimizations of the materials for the radar absorbing applications.
Volume 16, Issue 3 (July & August (Articles in English & French) 2025)
Abstract
Cet article vise à analyser la formation linguistique de l’apprenant irakien du FLE. en mettant l’accent sur le cursus des études supérieures. Les étudiants en master, encore inexpérimentés dans la recherche, rencontrent des difficultés avec le programme actuel. Leur formation antérieure leur a-t-elle donné suffisamment de savoirs dans le domaine linguistique ?
Au cours de cet article, nous analysons le système éducatif irakien du français langue étrangère à l’université de Bagdad. Il s’agit de la méthodologie classique et de sa revalorisation liée à la réforme du système. Quel est le rôle des cursus traditionnels de FLE dans le processus de l'enseignement au magistère ? Dans un contexte hétérogène, il s’agit d’un pays non francophone. Nous proposons quelques pistes d’étude afin de commencer à rénover le système éducatif et l’actualiser dans un sens qui le rapproche des autres systèmes d’enseignement internationaux Nous proposons un modèle spécifique pour notre contexte particulier: D. H. E. B., Double Hélice Éducative de Bagdad. Ce modèle est dynamique, génératif, auto-évolutif et applicatif. Notre approche spécifique nous aide à former des recommandations pédagogiques participant à la réforme de l’enseignement-apprentissage du français à l’université de Bagdad.
Volume 18, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Abstract
measurement accuracy. The angular response of the sensor describes the relationship between flow velocity vector and heat transfer from the sensor, which is determined by a sensitivity function. In this paper, two sensitivity functions, namely cosine law and Hinze equation, have been studied using wind tunnel experiments to evaluate the effect of various parameters such as flow conditions (velocity and direction), probe aspect ratio (l/d) and probe operational condition (sensor temperature) on the range of applicability of cosine law and magnitude of the sensitivity coefficient, k. Results show that the angular range of applicability of cosine law depends on flow and probe conditions. At 1% measurement error, the range of applicability of cosine law for flow measurements of velocities exceeding 10 m/s was found to be in the range of ±30º. Moreover, at geometrical ratios higher than 600, two-dimensional flow measurements using the cosine law presents results with acceptable accuracy. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient is completely dependent on flow condition and probe aspect ratio, and its value decreases with increase in flow angle and velocity and reduction in probe aspect ratio. The results of this research can be used in the selection and proper design of probes for two-dimensional flow measurements using hot wire anemometers.
Volume 18, Issue 7 (Supplementary Issue - 2016)
Abstract
Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] is an indigenous legume crop in Africa. It has comparable value to other legumes for food and nutritional security in the continent. However, small-scale farmers continue cultivating unimproved landrace varieties over the production areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Bambara groundnut landraces exist as heterogeneous mixtures of seeds, which typically contain a few to several seed morpho-types that may embrace wide genetic diversity. In this study, the agro-morphological variations of 213 Bambara groundnut landraces were evaluated to determine the presence of within- and between-landraces of pod and seed morphology, out of which only 49 were used to access their genetic variability using 9 agronomic traits while 158 landraces were used to determine leaf morphology. Most of the landraces displayed pointed, round and yellowish pod colour, with grooved and oval seed shapes. For leaf morphology, 49.4% had round leaves, while 21.5% had elliptical leaves, with 55.7% landraces being heterogeneous possessing more than one leaf shape. Significant differences (P< 0.05) were detected for seed traits and leaf morphology including seed height, canopy spread and terminal width. Leaf morphology could be a useful marker for strategic breeding and genetic conservation of Bambara groundnut.
Volume 18, Issue 71 (7-2021)
Abstract
The present study has formed in order to determine the current errors source of Persian leaners at beginner, intermediate and advanced levels. this survey tries to give answer to this question: From what source do current errors and mistakes of Persian leaners originate at beginner, intermediate and advanced levels? To this end, some compositions were prepared from Saadi Foundation Corpus in this address: http://sfcorpus.ir. These data were recorded by foundation instructors regarding years (2015-16) on website and
they belong to Persian learning courses held for Arab, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian and Turkish language learners at six levels (Basic, pre-intermediate, intermediate, upper-intermediate, advanced and upper- advanced). Given research subject, 210 compositions, belonged to 5 Persian-learners from Saudi Arabia, China, Pakistan, India and Turkey were elected in several subjects where each Persian learner gave 14 sheets with totally 70 sheets at any learning- level (Beginner, intermediate and advanced). Then, data were analyzed by descriptive method based on Error Analysis Scale (Keshavarz, 1994) and the acquired results were presented both qualitatively and quantitatively. The given findings derived from this analysis showed that the current errors of Persian learners originate from extra lingual source at beginner level and learning strategy is the factor for current error for Persian learner at intermediate level. Finally, the current errors of Persian learners are related to learning texture at advanced level. The analytical results can be addressed by instructors, authors and educational planners for non-Persian speakers so that to recognize better weak points of Persian learners to select appropriate teaching technique and provide educational textbooks.
Zakarya Hosseinchi Gharehaghaj, Mohammed Hussain Azizi Tabrizzad, Gholamhassan Asadi, Reza Azizinezhad,
Volume 19, Issue 124 (June 2022)
Volume 19, Issue 124 (June 2022)
Abstract
Due to the importance of bread in the diet of the worldchr('39')s people, it is vital to pay attention to increasing the nutritional properties of this product. In order to reduce the content of phytic acid and increase the shelf life, in this study, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of microencapsulation of amylase and phytase enzymes in bread. Chemical, physical, microbial, and sensory properties of whole-grain toast containing microencapsulated enzymes and free enzymes toasts were compared with the control sample (whole-grain toast and no enzyme). The results showed that samples containing free and encapsulated enzymes had less Phytic acid than the control sample (p≤0.05). The specific volume and porosity of the samples containing free and microencapsulated enzymes were higher, and their viscosity was lower than the control sample (p≤0.05). Samples containing enzymes had the lowest brightness, redness, and yellowness parameters than the control (p≤0.05). Control samples had lower numbers of mesophilic bacteria, mold, and yeast, and the samples containing the microencapsulated enzyme showed the highest sensory score by the fifth day of the test (p≤0.05). The results showed that encapsulated enzyme had a higher amount of phytic acid than the sample containing free enzyme. However, in other results, there was no difference between the microencapsulated and free samples, and the use of microencapsulated enzymes during storage led to Increasing the score of sensory properties, and it can be used to increase the quality of toast containing bran.
Imran Uysal, Falah Saleh Mohammed, Mesut Selamoglu, Mustafa Sevindik,
Volume 20, Issue 140 (October 2023)
Volume 20, Issue 140 (October 2023)
Abstract
Today, many different methods are applied for the correct use of foods and to prevent their deterioration. Ensuring healthy conditions for people in food consumption and consumption of healthy foods is very important for human welfare. In this study, food spoilage, the factors that cause food spoilage, its effects on a global basis, food transport systems (cold chain) and measures that prevent or delay food spoilage are discussed.