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Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) is one of the most noteworthy sub-fields of Translation Studies. The current qualitative descriptive study applied House's (1997) model, which is based on Hallidayan Systemic-Functional Theory, to investigate the quality of Farsi translations of Salinger’s Franny and Zooey translated by Milad Zakaria and Omid Nikfarjam. As House has suggested, translations are categorized into covert and overt ones. An overt translation, in contrast to covert translation which is domesticated toward target language, is one that must overtly be a translation with probable unfamiliar cultural elements. House claims that overt translation is preferred for culture-oriented texts, particularly literary ones. By applying Houses’s model, the present study aims to investigate the way in which the function of literary text is represented in target language system. To this end, selected segments of the corpus were compared and contrasted to their Persian equivalences in two mentioned translations. The findings of this research revealed that although both translations tended to familiarize the text to the translation audiences, Milad Zakaria’s translation was more overt compared with the translation by Omid Nikfarjam. Therefore, it can be claimed that the first translation is functionally more adequate compared to the second one in preserving the “function” of source text in target language.

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The relation between culture and language, features the need to examine the effectiveness of language textbooks. Considering the goal that foreign language teaching is mainly associated with the entry of cultural issues into the learner' knowledge, this need increases especially during learning a foreign language. Due to the today's growing importance of visual communication, this article offers a new perspective on images of English language textbooks in our system of education, based on the semiotic model of Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), which emphasizes the importance of constituent elements of culture and society in analyzing linguistic signs; such as clothing, traditions or customs of cultures and subcultures. Paying attention to limitations of this case study, "ethnicity and location" are analyzed in the images of "Visions" and "Prospects". The present study explains how discourse is represented in these images, based on a scientific background and descriptive-analytical method with the aim of examining the social and cultural functions of language. The results show that the studied textbooks don't have a specific "ethnic-racial" approach and selection of "place" was without bias of the source language or the target language; In this way, the illustrator didn't pay special attention to his or her own language in choosing the images
1. Introduction
Due to the today's increasing importance of visual communication, the present study has a new perspective to this issue and examines the various forms of visual communication and discourse representation in images of "Visions" and "Prospects"related to place and ethnicity. Sometimes it is not possible to express everything that is presented through the images with a linguistic tool, and the opposite is also true. In this study, in addition to examining the semiotic pattern of Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), we will look at the questions: how discourse is represented in images related to "ethnicity" as well as "place". A deep connection between English language and its related culture and the need to confirm that English language textbooks contain cultural issues in addition to linguistic issues, resulted the researcher into analyze multi-style texts after extracting. In this article, we try to analyze images at the levels of representational, interactive and compositional meaning using descriptive-analytical method. This study is based on the hypothesis that the mentioned English language textbooks, don't have a specific ethnic-racial approach and images related to "place" play a role in conveying concepts without biasing the source language or the target language.
 
2. Literature Review
It is necessary for images to meet the conditions of representation and communication, sothat they act as a complete communication system. One of the language semiotics' schools is social semiotics, which deals with a social dimension of meaning in the communication media and pictures. Social semiotics has many possibilities for semiotics and is presented with the assumption that signs and messages should considered in the field of social processes (Kress & Van leeuwen, 2006: 6). Studies like Meshkat (2002), Shin & Kubota (2008), Amouzade et al (2013), Wue (2014) and Ahangar & Shirvani (2016) have discussed the discourse representation in multimedia texts. However, the present research is a new study to newly published English textbooks "Prospect" and "Visions". Although Halliday's theory (1994) is capable of analyzing pragmatic aspects of language, it is incapable of studying multi-style texts. Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006) improved and generalized his idea to images. Torres (2015) evaluated textbook's social-visual semiotics in the educational system of South Korea based on Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006). His findings indicated that some visual and verbal messages conflict with each other. He also explains that this opposition reveals the purposeful ideology within those images. Rouhani and Saeed Far (2013) worked on a comprehensive study using the grammar model of Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006). They analyzed the images of old high school textbooks. According to their research, images aren't used in the service of language learning completely. With this in mind, let's know the other part of paper. 
 
3. Methodology
This research applies Halliday's theory (1994) and Kress, G. & Van leeuwen (2006) to analyze discourse representation in images of English textbooks "Prospects" and "Visions" which affect the students as learners. In this article, we try to analyze images at the levels of representational, interactive and compositional meaning using descriptive-analytical method.
 
4. Results and Discussions
By analyzing the data, the initial hypotheses are confirmed. In this way, the studied images show that people having different ethnicity are the same. They tend to show that it doesn't matter what their particular race or skin color is; rather, human beings regardless of these features, can be successful and efficient people if they have necessary competencies. In selecting place-related images, public locations such as the street and the classroom are selected. It has a general aspect and isn't specifically related to a particular language or culture; As a result, no orientation of the source language or the target language plays a role in conveying concepts

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This study tries to analyze the Persian translations of, banking texts, in documentary credit section of international banking by selecting five translated books and having a linguistic view. As semantics is one of the main principles studied in linguistics and on the other hand, transfer of the meaning is one of the main issues in translation studies, therefore, some equivalents in these texts were analyzed by a mixed linguistic and translation view with descriptive-analytic method based on library resources. Findings show that applying three approaches of, structural semantics, in linguistics including units of the same field, componential analysis, and sense (conceptual) relations, by specifying conceptual relationships as well as subtle componential differences among different units of the same field, lead to the appropriate and accurate equivalent selection (making)s related to different types of documentary credits (according to the different meaning components including contractual, documentary, guarantee and commercial nature), different insurance documents (according to the different meaning components including certificate, contractual, with no time and monetary limit and declaration nature), different charges (according to the different meaning components including percentage calculation, services or advices, all kinds of charges and imposed nature), different sendings (according to the different meaning components including electronic and non- electronic nature), different drawings and shipments (according to the different meaning components including with or without previously timetabled nature), as well as different receivings (according to the different meaning components including in courier place or sender place nature). In conclusion, these three approaches of, structural semantics, by helping the realization of meanings, lead to the accurate and correct selection (making) of equivalents and in some cases prevent the Persian language from the influence(s) of other languages in translations of these texts.

1. Introduction

Banks, as one of the most important economic pillars which need relations and transactions in international sections, used the international banking rules and customs and practices as one of the ways for establishing such relations and transactions. Many translations (English-Persian) in international banking texts were made by those who were experts in banking and trade fields (without linguistic or translation concerns) and consequently, some failures were found in linguistics and translation studies’ sections of these translations. As "meaning" is one of the most important issues which is studied in linguistics and from other side, transfer of it, is the main concern of translation studies, so by use of structural semantics in linguistics and also equivalence in translation studies’ viewpoints, the Persian translations of the banking texts related to documentary credit in international banking were analyzed with a descriptive-analytic method based on library resources.
             

2. Literature review

Kodirova (2021) in a paper entitled “The issue of problem translating English banking terms into Uzbek in linguistics” attempted to investigate the issues related to rendering banking terms in order to have a good translation as for banking texts, by recognizing their pragmatics, classifications and structures as well as their specific distinctive features. Based on his findings, lexical, morphological-syntactical differences of banking terms between English and Uzbek may cause a percent of mismatching of the English banking terms with Uzbek. Of course, it is noteworthy that in spite of their mismatch, no interference in semantic transfer of terms and their acceptable renderings into target language can be regarded a strong possibility of applied translation procedure. In another study, Ahmad Mukhtar Imam et al. (2020) in their paper entitled “Problems in translating economic terminology from English into Arabic and vice versa” tried to investigate problems in rendering economic terminology from English into Arabic and vice versa. In their paper, linguistic features of the texts, including technical terms, collocations, fixed terms, utilization of formal variety of language, collocational and metaphorical expressions in the discourse of commercial media were regarded vital to be investigated in order to scrutinize translators’ problems in lexical issues and their impact on rendering economic terms, selecting acceptable equivalents with same register and also common use of terms and collocations in the discourse of commercial media. Hariyanto (2019) delivered a lecture on “Problems and solutions of translating unique banking terms from English into Indonesian” (published by Atlantis Press) in which banking terms were classified into two groups (i.e., a category related to traditional services and another one to modern services). Hariyanto reckoned that the first step of rendering banking texts is to understand them and their applied terms. In line with the findings of him, the translators should not use synonyms as a proper translation method, because it may have some legal consequences. It is noteworthy that word for word translation is another translation method by which the translators try to find a counterpart when they cannot recognize target equivalents or synonyms for the source ones. As regards word for word translation, if any possibility of misunderstanding occurs, loan words can be used in the translation. Fathi-Alishah et al. (2019) in a paper entitled “English to Persian translation accuracy of rules and regulations of international banking system” undertook to scrutinize the accuracy of Persian translation of customs and practices of international banking system. According to their findings, the economic positive impact of utilizing a language as a medium for international relations in banking industry is indispensable. In addition, an improper understanding of banking documents may lead to a financial chaos in a country and its other authorized sections. Doherty (2016) and Zralka (2007) also declare that the translation of banking texts is of great importance and professional translators should know that these types of texts are different from other texts regarding their types and aims and because of these facts, professional translators should be sensitive to these translations regarding to the way their aims and intentions are transferred.

3. Methodology

Selection of the texts (four books) was mostly done among the books which were written by International Chamber of Commerce about the rules and customs and practices of documentary credit and translated to the Persian by translators of Iran International Chamber of Commerce and also were highly referred and used by those who deal with international banking and trading affairs. These books include: Incoterms 2020 (with two Persian translations), Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP600), International Standard Banking Practice (ISBP), and the last; The Guide to Documentary Credits which is a comprehensive book about documentary credit definitions, descriptions, rules, etc.). After selection of the texts, comparative analyses were done between the original texts and their translations by use of componential analysis, units of the same fields, and sense relations views of structural semantics. Before starting the description of these three views, first the necessary and sufficient conditions and prototype concepts should be defined.
Necessary condition, the condition that must be considered when “something” conveys its meaning and the condition that distinguishes one concept from other concepts, is considered to be the sufficient condition (Putnam, 1975). Prototypes, as central or typical member of a category according to which the rest of the members are compared, were proposed to solve some problems of necessary and sufficient conditions (Safavi, 2016, p.71-74).
Units of the same fields: This theory, which was first introduced by Trier (1931) by other names such as lexical field, semantic field and word field was finally proposed by Westerberg (1954) (as founder) and Trier by the names of lexical fields theory or field theory. Necessary and sufficient conditions show the similarities and differences between the words and this (these) similarity(ies) makes (-) some words to become the member of the same semantic field. These members of the same semantic field which have some components in common, are different in some other components which make them to be different from each other in the same semantic filed (Safavi, 2016, p.190).
Componential analysis: Hjelmslev (1953) (by following Saussure idea that the language is as a system of interrelations) was the person who took the first step for introducing componential analysis (also introducing content figures and distinctive features). Componential analysis, provides a model for describing meaning contents of the words. For using this model, we should believe that meaning of the words consist of limited sets of units called semantic (meaning) components or features which are in contrast and different with each other in the same semantic field and make the words of the same semantic field to be different (Gandomkar, 2017, p.240).
Sense or conceptual relations: which was first introduced by Lyons (1968) and he had the belief that; the semantics should also describe the oppositional relations and the meaning of a word can be recognized by its meaning (sense) relations with other words. These relations include Hyponymy, Meronymy, Semantic Opposition, Portion-Mass, Member-Collection, Semantic Contrast, Polysemy, and Synonymy.

4. Results and Discussion

A: Four Expressions: Letter of credit, Documentary Credit, Commercial Credit, and Standby letter of Credit which belong to the same semantic field and have some meaning components in common, but are distinguished from each other regarding the components of letter, documentary, guarantee, and commercial nature.

Figure 1
Different Types and Names for Documentary Credit in Selected Banking Texts


 Table 1
 Different Meaning Components Existing in Different Yypes and Names for Documentary Credit in Selected Banking Texts

Component 4: with commercial nature	Component 3: with guarantee nature	Component 2: with documentary nature	Component 1: with contractual or letter nature	Different Recognized Names for Documentary Credit
+	-	-	+	Letter of Credit
+	-	+	+	Documentary Credit
+	-	+	+	Commercial Credit
-	+	+	+	Standby Letter of Credit

B: Three Expressions: Insurance Certificate, Insurance Policy, and Declaration under an open cover belong to the same semantic field and have some components in common, but are distinguished from each other regarding the components of certificate, letter, guarantee, timeless and declaration nature.
Figure 2
 Different Types of Insurance Documents in Selected Banking Texts



Table 2
Different Meaning Components Existing in Different Types of Insurance Documents in Selected Banking Texts

Component4: without declarative nature	Component 3: without time and space limitation nature	Component 2: with contractual nature	Component 1: with documentary nature	Different Types of Insurance Documents
-	-	-	+	Insurance Certificate
-	-	+	+	Insurance Policy
+	+	+	-	Declaration under an Open Cover

C: Four Words: Commissions, Fees, Charges, and Expenses belong to the same semantic field and have some components in common, but are distinguished from each other regarding the components of cash (receipt, payment, and transfer) (with percentage calculation), service or advice, all kinds of charges, and imposed nature.

Figure 3
Different Types of Charges in Selected Banking Texts


Table 3
Different Meaning Components Existing in Different Types of Charges in Selected Banking Texts

Component4: imposed expenses nature	Component 3: all -inclusive charges	Component 2: with service and consultant nature	Component 1: with percentage nature	Different Types of Banking Charges
-	-	-	+	Commission
-	-	+	-	Fee
+	+	+	+	Charge
+	-	-	-	Expense

D: Two Words: Transit and Teletransmission belong to the same semantic field and have some components in common, but are distinguished from each other regarding the component of electronic and non- electronic nature.

Figure 4
Different Types of Sendings in Selected Banking Texts


Table 4
Different Meaning Components Existing in Different Types of Charges in Selected Banking Texts

Component 2: with electronic and internet devices	Component 1: with non-electronic and non-internet devices	Different Types of Sendings in Banking Texts
-	+	Transit
+	-	Teletransmission

E: Two Words: Partial and Instalment (drawing or shipment) belong to the same semantic field and have some components in common, but are distinguished from each other regarding the component of with or without previously timetabled nature.

Figure 5
Different Types of Drawings and Shipments in Selected Banking Texts







Table 5
Different Meaning Components Existing in Different Types of Drawings and Shipments in Selected Banking Texts

Component 2: without predetermined timetable	Component 1: with predetermined timetable	Two Different Types of Drawing and Shipment
+	-	Partial
-	+	Instalment

F: Two words: Receipt and Pickup belong to the same semantic field and have some components in common, but are distinguished from each other regarding the component of in courier place or sender place nature.

Table 6
Different Meaning Components Existing in Different Types of Receipts in Selected Banking Texts

Component 2: delivery in sender’s location	Component 1:  delivery in posting center	Different Types of Receipts in Banking Texts
-	+	Receipt
+	-	Pickup