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An updated checklist of the scorpiofauna of Iran is presented. The checklist is based on records of scorpion species which their presence have been confirmed in Iran through field expeditions, examination of scorpion collections, literature review, and personal communications with researchers. According to the presented checklist the scorpion fauna of Iran consists of 68 valid species (41 endemic to Iran) belonging to 19 genera and four families and 6 doubtful reports (belong family Buthidae). Hemiscorpius gaillardi (Vachon, 1974) and Compsobuthus jakesi Kovařík, 2003 reported for the first time from Hormozgan province. Odontobuthus tavighiae Navidpour et al., 2013 collected for the first time from Fars province. Kraepelinia palpator (Birula, 1903) and O. tirgari Mirshamsi et al., 2013 were new record for South Khorasan province fauna. The list is dominated by members of the family Buthidae (58 species) with 85.3% of total species. The level of regional endemism exceeds 60.3%. A dichotomic identification key to the Iranian species on the basis of a DELTA database has been provided.

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In this study, Latrodectus revivensis Shulov, 1948 is recorded for the first time from Iran based on female specimens. This species was previously recorded from the eastern Mediterranean region. As a result, the number of Latrodectus species recorded from Iran is raised to six. A comparative diagnosis is provided for this species and other widow spiders previously recorded from the country. Latrodectus revivensis can be easily distinguished from its congeners by colouration, genitalic characters and the shape of the nest. This record represents the easternmost distribution limit of L. revivensis. An updated distribution map of Latrodectus species is also provided.

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Vacuolar H⁺-translocation pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) and Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter (V-Na⁺/H⁺) are important transporters in plant cells and have essential roles against abiotic stresses. In this study, the effects of salt stress were surveyed on the transcription of V-PPase pump and Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter genes at early times of NaCl treatment in roots of halophytic grass Leptochloa fusca through the Real Time PCR. The first results showed that L. fusca has high ability for accumulating Na⁺ under saline conditions. Real-Time PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression level of V-PPase and V-Na⁺/H⁺ increased in response to different levels of NaCl treatment, but the transcriptional increase of V-Na⁺/H⁺ gene was higher than that of the V-PPase gene, indicating that V-Na⁺/H⁺ had a crucial role in salt tolerance in this plant. These results indicated that coordinate up-regulations of V-PPase expression and Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter expression were correlated with Na⁺ sequestering into vacuoles of L. fusca. It was also shown that increase e in the expression level of V-Na⁺/H⁺ and V-PPase was correlated with the accumulation of sodium in roots, suggesting a physiological role for these antiporters and pump in Na⁺ compartmentation during adaptation to high salinity.