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There are a number of ideas to generate cloud and precipitation in the southern coasts of Caspian Sea, but none of them explain the cause of precipitation particularly heavy and super heavy precipitations precisely. This study describes main thermodynamic factors when the situation and location of synoptic patterns are effective. On the basis of daily data, monthly regimes and monthly trends of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), difference between 2m air temperature and SST over the Caspian Sea as well as the SST gradients in different distances on latitude and its anomaly were calculated. For recognition of synoptic conditions, humidity advection, geopotential and sea level pressure maps were drawn. The results showed that there are three thermodynamic factors over the Caspian Sea to produce precipitation particularly from September to December. The first factor is arrangement and well organized of the SST gradients as it decreases from the south to the north of Caspian Sea. Also, the SST over the Sea must be enough warm to produce clouds and precipitation. The last factor is the difference between 2m air temperature and SST. When the synoptic patterns in different pressure levels are suitable for instability, the air-sea interaction process is the most important factor to produce the advection humidity, clouds and precipitation particularly heavier precipitation events in the north of Iran.

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The study was carried out to investigate the effective soil and topographic features on distribution of plant types in Sanib Taftan Watershed in Sistan-and-Balouchestan Province, Iran. Initially, land units map was specified by combining three maps of slope, aspect and altitude. Five types including Artemisia santolina- Hammada salicornica, Artemisia sieberi- Amygdalus lycioides, Artemisia lehmaniana- Amygdalu slycioides, Amygdalus lycioides-Amygdalus scoparia, Pistacia atlantica- Amygdalus scoparia were identified. Sampling of vegetation in the land units was conducted using linear transect method, so that presence and absence of the plant species, canopy cover, stone and pebbles, litter and bare soil percent were catculated in 50 or 100 m transects (2-4 m2 plots) in a randomized systematic method. Soil sampling was done with respect to the width of each land unit (from 0-30 cm depth). Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on vegetation and plant type-environmental variables matrix. The most important and effective factors in vegetation distribution of the studied area were slope, altitude, soil texture (silt and sand) and total nitrogen and the factors related to topography (slope and altitude) were more effective than those related to the soil.

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Resolving the problem of poverty requires treatment of people in need of help to help the needy. Social charity marketing is used as one of the most effective and effective tools for encouraging and encouraging contacts to help the needy. In the process of social marketing planning, market segmentation is necessary for homogeneous and similar groups. This will lead to the design and provision of a tailor-made marketing program for each department. The present research seeks to base four indices of monthly assistance, daily assistance, amount of donation and the amount of income on the category of generosity. For this purpose, using cluster sampling method, 474 people from five regions of Tehran were selected. A hierarchical clustering technique was used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that there are five types of generosity behavior in the sample, for which each appropriate social marketing mix should be used to create a successful program for charitable contributions.

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Apricots being highly perishable and often results in significant postharvest losses that affect their marketability and commercial viability. A study was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of postharvest application of gamma irradiation and Methyl Jasmonate (MeJ) on the quality, enzyme-specific activities, and shelf life of the apricot (Prunus armeniaca cv. ‘CITH-1’). Apricots were gamma irradiated at a dosage of 0.5 kGy and submerged in different concentrations of MeJ before being refrigerated (1±1^oC, RH 80-85%) for 35 days. Apricots treated with a 0.5 kGy dose and 0.1 mmol L^-1 MeJ followed by refrigeration significantly (P< 0.05) retained higher levels of antioxidant activity. The quality of apricots was effectively preserved, and their shelf life was extended through treatments of 0.5 kGy irradiation dosage and 0.2 mmol L^-1 MeJ, which significantly (P< 0.05) reduced decay percentage, weight loss, and enzyme activity while maintaining fruit firmness. The study's results suggest that applying a postharvest treatment of MeJ at a concentration of 0.1 and 0.2 mmol L^-1 in combination with an irradiation dosage of 0.5 kGy is a viable method for preserving the quality and bioactive compounds of fresh apricots during refrigerated storage for up to 35 days.

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This paper intends to examine Woody Allen’s films from the perspective ofIris Murdoch’s moral philosophy. By exploring the possible relationshipbetween humor and unselfing, we try to highlight the moral dilemmas of thecharacters and the audience’s ironic response to the use of humor. Focusingon three films (Annie Hall, Manhattan, and Hanna and Her Sisters), it isargued that the films depict morally complex scenarios where humor has atherapeutic function as well as a morally ambivalent one. In Manhattan andAnnie Hall, Isaac and Alvy’s form of self-deprecating humor does come offas self-love but it falls short of unselfing. Their self-love is only in the serviceof ego, while on the other hand, Mickey in Hannah and Her Sisters, and Tracyin Manhattan show how considering the singularity of other people’sexperience will help one unself. Mickey is the only character in these threemovies that achieves unselfing through humor and the attendant detachment.If the audience is caught up in the ego trip of the characters, they will miss awhole other level of humor