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The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is one of the important pests of potato in tropical regions. In this research, the toxicity of two insecticides, abamectin and deltamethrin on P. operculella was studied at 26 ± 1 C°, 65 ± 5% RH and photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D). The concentrations were determined by preliminary dose setting experiments. Distilled water was used as control. LC₅₀ values for egg, first instar larvae and adult stages in abamectin were 0.92, 0.014 and 0.46 mg ai/l and in deltamethrin were 0.09, 0.024 and 0.29 mg ai/l, respectively. The sublethal effects of abamectin and deltamethrin on population growth parameters of P. operculella were determined at mentioned conditions. Four hundred 1 day old eggs of the pest were dipped in insecticides solutions (LC₃₀). After egg hatching, the first instar larvae were transferred on potato tubers and placed in transparent plastic dishes. After adults' emergence, 20 females were used for each treatment in life table experiments. In control, abamectin and deltamethrin treatments intrinsic rates of increase were estimated to be 0.060, 0.042 and 0.141 day^-1, respectively. Statistical analyses showed that deltamethrin had the higher toxicity to egg and adult stages of PTM and abamectin had the higher toxicity to its first instar larvae. Since deltamethrin increased the stable population parameters of P. operculella specially its intrinsic rate of increase, thus it might not be recommended for control of PTM. However based on lethal and sublethal effects, abamectin could be suitable for management of this pest.

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In recent years, the Russian Wheat Aphid, has been included worldwidely in the list of the important pests of cereals, particularly wheat plants. In addition to direct serious damage, the aphid is the main vector of Barley Yellow Dwarf, Barley Mosaic, and Sugarcane Mosaic Viruses. The pest was reported from East Azarbaidjan province (Iran) a few years ago and it is now widespread in Tabriz, Ahar and Kaleybar wheat fields. In the present study, the possibility of any resistance was looked for at the tillering stage in Sardari, Sabalan, Alvand, Zarrin and Alamoot, the most extensively planted varieties in the province. The experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions of 24.4±1.6 oC with 50- 60% R.H. and a photoperiod of 14:l0(L:D). Antibiosis was determined by studying the percentage survival of the nymphs, their developmental time, and fecundity (total number of progeny per /female produced within the first 10 and 15 days of the reproductive cycle) calculating the relevant intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm values). The analysis of variance indicated that, regarding the last two parameters, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between the varieties. The highest (43.21±5.45) and the lowest (34.43±8.91) average numbers of progeny within the first 10 days were observed in those reared on the Sardari and Zarrin varieties respectively but the figures obtained within the first 15 days were found to be 49,43±13.31 on Alamoot and 58.86±9.45 on Sardari. Also the highest mean “rm” value (0.3399±0.01) was estimated for rearings on Sardari with the smallest (0.2889±0.03) on the latter. At present, Sardari seems to be more likley susceptible to the aphid amongst the others. Field trials and experiments on later phenological stages of the wheats and potential role of other resistance mechanisms is going on.

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Any discourse is the domain of producing and receiving the meaning and different factors involved in the formation of this process. Metaphor is considered as one of meaning creating elements in various types of discourses. This article has adopted a semiotic-semantic approach which takes a look at the function of discourse devices of metaphor in the production process of meaning and the way Nima Youshij communicates in discourse of his letters. By pro enunciative role we mean the use of metaphor as a technique employed by the speaker to highlight a part of the utterance, to impact further on the audience, to support the utterance, to repair the chaotic relations, to cover up emotions, to induce a certain sense to the audience in the discourse. This research is going to denote the role of metaphor in the formation of meaning and cohesion in the discourse; to evaluate the effectiveness of metaphor application and to investigate other functions of metaphor inn the discourse. Therefore, the most important communicative functions of metaphor in Nima's letters have been classified and analyzed.

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Introduction
Designed according to the principles of the Iranian Islamic architecture in the world do not have many samples. Western culture influenced modern architecture and has little respect to the culture and customs of Iranians. Be careful in places design like airports is very important in a place that a large number of passengers every day. This research is a descriptive study and information gathering tool has been library tool and Tried to influence elements of Islamic-Iranian architecture in the design of an airport. In today's world in which the technology speaks first prior to everything, the shortage of time and the need for speeding works is clear for everyone. It must be accepted that the need for a high speed in transportation category can be important and discussible more than anything. Regarding the airplane as the fastest vehicle in today's world leads us to the space for accessing the airplane, i.e. the airport. irport terminals are buildings, which were considered as main arrivals and departures gates of the cities. And its main users are temporary and the building serves them as a pathway. This space is a perfect platform for the creation of a permanent mental and memorable space at the beginning of an entrance to a city or a country.
In addition to the important issue of the performance in airport designing, paying attention to the combination between space, form, structure and light in this building plays an important role in designing. Regarding the optimum consumption of the energy and strategies for the sake of reducing greenhouse gases and supplying the complex energy by itself and regarding the modern technology, it is necessary to definitely equip an advanced airport complex to smart materials. Therefore, regarding the mentioned items, an architect can provide convenience for passengers with proper designing and easily guide them to their objectives. Airports are a collection of different plants and equipment has been made to provide facilities for handling and air transport. As maritime transport requires port, the airport can also be likened to the air port that is required for air transportation. In places such as airports, that all passengers must be attend at least an hour early, and in many cases different reasons caused delays for passengers, it is essential to reduce psychological pressure work with a variety of solutions(Factors and solutions to improve). In an airport environment, many factors can be taken into account that can be suitable environment, away from stress and mental tension designed. In an airport environment, many factors can be considered with the help of those factors; it can be suitable environment away from stress and mental tension designed. Passengers expect a comfortable and charming terminal facilities and the behavior be effective, acceptable and done without wasting time. For this reason, the design of passenger terminal must be functional and beautiful architecture. Iranian architecture has architectural features that in compare with other countries has particular value: features such as proportional design, accurate calculations, the correct form of coverage, compliance with technical and scientific issues in the building, high balconies, tall columns and the various decorations that each of which in simplicity represents the magnificent architecture of this land . Ecological, ethnic and cultural type causes of human construction are very diverse in the area of housing and other buildings in our country.
Discussion and Conclusion
The use of different materials, different styles, very much functions of a building that still remains in our country many old houses. It seems knowing what we have in the past and recognize the principles and standards of our traditional architecture and give them a body language, pave the way to achieve what is intended, and it is the responsibility of individual architects to refer to original sources and valuable examples. The principles of confidentiality, hierarchy, coordination, connection with nature, geometry, etc. are all of those who today truly obsoleted and certainly, understanding and applying them will helpful. Since we are talk about confusion and lack of identity in today Architecture of Iran, perhaps the biggest problem in addition to the West-oriented are non-planning, a lack of strong ideas and a lack of understanding of contemporary architecture, in a break with the past architecture. The study attempts to examine some of the elements of the Iranian Islamic architecture and analysis of the potential impact of these factors on airport design, in order to recognize moral and material factors that an airport space needs them, So that could be achieve today’s Islamic architectural structures and bodies.
To date, various theories and discussions about the airport and how to design it with the help of elements and different criteria have been proposed and there are articles and books written on this subject that some have been directly used by authors. There are many different factors effect on the psyche of the passengers and the first one is time. The time they must wait, sometimes there are the stress and concerns, such as fear of flying. For this reason it is necessary that the expected space that is designed, in terms of soul mind and spirit calm passengers. Architecture as a body of thought has always been a tool for the development of thinking, attitudes and thoughts of every nation. The trace of principles and ideology prevailing culture of this country is best seen in traditional architecture of Iran. Iranian architecture that is one of the richest examples of vernacular architecture with notable formic achievements in the world, it became one of the most successful examples of architectural concept during the Islamic period.
Results
In traditional Islamic architecture in Iran, the importance of "need" in construction of "form" in Iranian architects designing and performance is obvious. Forms that sometimes is associated with creativity and unique technology, this has been indicator the ability of Iranian architects. Iranian architecture with variables such as: the benefits and avoid idleness, targeted, symbolism and legibility, prioritization and hierarchy and perfectionism, which is obtained by logical reasoning, could remind some Islamic culture values and principles such as unity, targeted and prosperity, social solidarity, individuality, respect and value, to avoid extravagance and frivolity and valuable meanings to the people using the space. In Iranian traditional architecture, some principles have been used by architect artist rooted in his vision of the universe. Addressing the root is dealing with principles. Understand the principle, is the meaning what direct the art and civilization in all of human society with a common culture and belief. So in authentic Islamic-Iranian architecture, the environment (in order to meet the needs of the inhabitants) took shape and then came to form, while in Iranian modern architecture at first, the space and then the need and comply with space take shape. Architects as creators of the building, are creating a short-lived effect and its survival is dependent on technology and technology. While in original Islamic-Iranian architecture, innovative architecture aimed to create space and building.

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The midnight of Ramezan in Nooshabad brings a ritual in the name of Horbaba, in which children are gone to the homes and pray for a child of the homeowner through hymn, and then receive gifts. The sample of this ritual is seen in many regions and provinces of Iran including Turkmen desert, Yazd, Kerman, Sistan, Bushehr, and Khuzestan. On the other side, a three-day joint celebration called Hirombā is held by Zoroastrians in which they collect firewood, set fire, read hymns with children and adolescents at the homes of residents, and then receive edible gifts. Hirombā has a significant similarity with Horbaba, in terms of the name, general structure, lyrics, content, and a blessing of children's focus. The fire which is common in the poem of Hirombā is also common in Horbaba. It seems that Horbaba's ritual, which is still held in many parts of Iran, is the remnant of the ancient Hirombā and Sadeh, and although it has become small and time-lapsed, it has been preserved through an Islamic structure. Researchers view Hirombā the same as Sadeh celebration. They associate the ritual with the sun and Yazata Rapithwin. This paper, based on the field studies and document analysis, aims to introduce Horbaba and its other examples in Iran and focus on its common elements with Zoroastrian Hirombā rituals and their mythical origins

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Aims: The aim of the current study was to determine the role of Avicennia marina’s primary production as well as other food sources in the diet of Longjaw thryssa, Thryssa setirostris (Broussonet, 1782) in an arid mangrove ecosystem using carbon stable isotopes of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N).
Material & Methods: We collected five potential food sources in the ecosystem including fresh and senescent leaves of Avicennia marina, particulate organic matter, microphytobenthos and sediment organic matter for further stable isotope analysis. Additionally, fishes were collected with a combination of set nets and seines. The muscle tissue (boneless and skinned, 5 g) was removed from the dorsum of fish.
Findings: Significant differences were found between carbon and nitrogen isotopes of different food sources (p < 0.05). Although, this was not significant for green and senescent leaves (p > 0.05). The average values of carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of T. setirostris were 15.93‰ and 13.01‰, respectively. The SIMMR model showed that the contribution of senescent and fresh leaves in the diet of T. setirostris was 15% and 10%, respectively.
Conclusion: The result of the current study emphasized a limited role for mangrove detritus in the diet of transient fishes in an arid mangrove ecosystem.
 

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One of the main reasons of building Qadamgāhs (literally meaning the place of foot or the place of stepping) was the dreams a believer had of a saint. There are a large number of such buildings in Iran. In some cases, the dreams are inscribed on tablets in order to preserve the dream for future generations. This paper introduces five lustre ceramic tablets, which contain records of such dreams. The texts of two of them have been preserved completely, and significantly show astonishing similarities. The first is dated back to 1312 AD and belongs to Qadamgāh of Mehrīqābād. Its text mentions that Fakhr al-Din Hasan Tabari saw Imam Ali in a dream ordering him to build a shrine. According to the text of the second tile in Qadamgāh-i Khezr in the village of Yazdelan in 1607, someone saw Khezr in a dream who orders to reconstruct a ruined domed building. This article examines the differences and similarities between these two tablets from the Ilkhanid and Safavid periods, and analyzes them in detail. It can be said that these two tablets have a common content that have been written with the aim of documenting the reconstruction of a religious building borrowing the Iranian and Shi'at themes. These two examples show that the tradition of recording dreams on lustre tiles was not only prevalent at the glorious era of lustre production, but also extended to three centuries later.
Introduction
“Qadamgāh” refers to some places of pilgrimage in the Islamic world where a Prophet, Imam or saint has passed or has been seen in a dream. Dreaming has been one of the main reasons for building Qadamgāhs, in that, it was built when someone saw one of the saints in a dream and based on the saint’s order or his own decision, he called that place a Qadamgāh. This phenomenon, which sometimes led to the establishment of a building, has been common among Shi'ats. In some cases, commemorative tablets made of stones or tiles were used to record the dreams. Five lustre tiles, which belong to the Qadamgāhi buildings, have been identified in the region of Kashan, that contain a record of a dream. Three of them, which bear the name of a Qadamgāh, called Darb-e Mehriqābād, were produced in the fourteenth century. Although the tradition of writing on lustre tiles has continued until the Safavid period, no example containing a dream is known except for an unpublished tile from Qadamgāh-e Khezr in Yazdelan village. This tile, which dates back to 1015 AH/1607 AD, is full of symbolic and mythical signs. Interestingly, the Mehriqābād tiles dates back to 711 AH/1312 AD, and the Yazdelan tile have significant similarities with them in terms of form and content.
Research Background
The major research on lustre tiles has been done by Oliver Watson (1975, 1985). However, no research has been done on the Qadamgāhi lustre tiles, except for two papers written by Chahryar Adle about the tiles of Mehriqābād (Adle, 1972, 1982). Nonetheless, he has made some mistakes in reading the text and also did not notice the fifty-year difference in the date of these tiles. In addition, he was unable to identify the exact building of this Qadamgāh.
Discussion
There is a pair of circular lustre tiles in the Musée national de céramique de Sèvres, the text of which mentions the construction of a Qadamgāh in Kashan. The text of the tiles tells us that a person named Sayyed Fakhr al-Din Hassan Tabari finds himself in a dream in the middle of a crowd in the garden of Amir in Kashan. There, he sees Imam ‘Ali who tells him to construct a building in that place so that whoever wants to visit him can come to that position. Three centuries later, a lustre tile was installed in the Khezr Qadamgāh of Yazdelan, which narrates a dream that led to the construction of the building. According to its text, a person saw Khezr in a dream, who asked him to repair a domed building.
One of the similar and important elements in both dreams is their connection to the garden. In fact, the holy sites in question are located in the garden that was famous at that time. The timing of both dreams is interesting in its own way. The dream of Mehriqābād coincides with Eid al-Fitr and the dream of Yazdelan coincides with Nowruz. In fact, the dreamers have been influenced by the religious festivals at both times, which belong to a mythical and ritual time. Another common feature of both texts is the effort to document the dream, which mentions the exact characteristics of the place and time of the dream.
Conclusion
During the Ilkhanid period, as there was more religious freedom for Shi'ats, the opportunity to express and document such Shi'at dreams became more prominent. On the other hand, with the rise of the Safavids and the prevalent freedom for the Shi'ats, the emergence of Shi'at beliefs developed unprecedentedly. Although the two lustre tiles examined in this paper were made over a period of three centuries, they are certain significant similarities in their content. The main theme, the type of time and place, the sacred personality, the attention to documentation and the influence of Iranian culture in both examples are comparable. In fact, they both express an identical concern: the reconstruction of a religious building the location of which has sacred memories. Interestingly, in the inscriptions of both buildings discussed in this article, there are signs of pre-Islamic beliefs of the people of the region. However, this is far from the common traditions of Islam and is based mostly on popular beliefs.
References
Adle, Ch. (1972). Un disque de fondation en céramique (Kâšân, 711/1312), Journal Asiatique, CCLX (3‒4), 277‒297.
Adle, Ch. (1982). Un diptique de foundation en ceramique lustrée, Kašan 711/1312, In: idem, ed., Art et société dans le monde iranien, (pp. 199-218). Paris: Institut Français d’Iranologie.
Watson, O. (1975b). Persian lusterware, from the 14^th to the 19th centuries. Le Monde Iranien et l'Islam: Sociétés et Cultures, 3, 63-80.

Watson, O. (1985). Persian lusterware. Faber and Faber.

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One of the arguments in rhetoric is to examine the use of interrogative sentences in secondary purposes. The main purpose of the interrogation is to obtain information; but up to 32 secondary purposes have been written for Interrogations in some rhetoric books. In this descriptive-analytical study, the secondary purposes of the interrogative sentences in Saadi's Bustan have been analyzed. The purpose of this research is to determine what concepts Saadi has intended to present through rhetorical questions. The fundamental question in this research is to identify, to what extent did Saadi use the interrogative sentence in presenting his themes and concepts? The research is based on the assumption that due to Saadi's mastery in rhetoric criteria of language, he has taken great advantage of the secondary capacities of the interrogative sentences, especially in conveying themes of reproach and denial. In Saadi's Bustan, in total, 379 cases of rhetorical interrogations have been used. Out of which, in 289 cases, the poet used one type of interrogative tools to ask questions, which included a variety of 19 questions. Of these 19 cases, only the Arabic word "kaifa" serves as a question mark. The word "Che" has been used 129 times, accounting for about 47% of all query words in Bustan. In many cases of rhetorical questions, he begins the interrogations by the word "no". The poet's intention in this way of expression is to draw the reader's attention and emphasis on the theme. In total, 379 cases of rhetorical interrogation have been utilized in the Saadi's Bustan. These questions have raised 32 different themes. What is important in terms of the style and understanding of the poet's thinking is that in 241 of these questions, directly or indirectly, ethical themes are presented.

 

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Jel Jelani is an ancient ritual with Iranian roots that is held in the mountain village of Tameh in Natanz city. In this way, in the three nights leading to the 19th of January, the youth of the village light a fire in the evenings, then they go to the houses and sing folk poems to wish the people of the house blessings and health. After that, the owner of the house, with desire and respect, gives food gifts such as fruits and dried fruits. He puts it in a tray and gives it to the group, the group pours it into their donkey's trunks and goes to another house. At the end, they gather in a small mosque and divide the gifts among themselves. This ritual is a little different from the past, because in the past, stones were placed on the head of the trees and fire was lit on top of a mountain so that its light reached all the gardens. The data of this research, which was collected through documents, was then analyzed from the religious and ritual point of view. The results of the article showed that the ritual of Jel Jelani is derived from the Zoroastrian rituals of December, which has many similarities with the Zoroastrian Sedeh and Hirumba festivals and the Muslim half-month ritual of Ramazan, however, the ritual of the half-month of Ramazan has largely preserved its Iranian authenticity and is in line with the needs of gardeners, who are facing the problem of cold mountain cold and frozen trees.
 

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Abnormal angiogenesis is associated with various diseases such as solid tumors and metastasis, retinopathies, and rheumatoid arthritis. VEGF-A is the most important mediator of angiogenesis among all growth factors. The bioactivity of VEGF is mediated by two tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 present on endothelial cells. VEGF signaling through VEGFR-2 is the major angiogenic pathway that leads to stimulation of endothelial cell ingrowths into the tumor. It comprised of an extracellular portion, a cytoplasmic portion, and a short transmembrane domain. The extracellular portion consists of seven Ig-like domains (D1–D7), of which the 1st to 3rd domains function as ligand-binding sites. In the present work, a soluble recombinant extracellular domain 1-3 of VEGFR-2 was expressed in Pichia pastoris to inhibit the VEGF-induced angiogenesis. The 975 bp DNA fragment containing extracellular domain 1-3 kdr, was designed according to the nucleotide sequence at GenBank and protein sequence at Swiss-Prot. The recombinant secretory expression vector (pPinkαHC/KDR1-3) was constructed and transferred into yeast by electroporation. The high expression transformants were identified through complementation of adenine auxotrophy and cultured. KDR1-3 was expressed under the induction of %1 methanol and confirmed by using SDS-PAGE and western blot techniques. After being purified by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA resins, binding of expressed product to hVEGF165 was proved by two direct ELISA and ELISA receptor binding assays. The data showed that human VEGFR-2 extracellular domain 1-3 with eukaryotic protein structure, that there is no reported paper about, was successfully expressed. 

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The objective of this paper is to investigate the validity of Wagner’s law and the Keynesian view with regards to the relationship between the non-oil gross domestic product and the public sector size for the Iranian economy during the period of 1967-2007. Time series analysis techniques have been used which include unit root tests, cointegration tests and Hsiao causality test. The findings indicate that Wagner’s Law is confirmed in both the short-run and the long-run; whereas the Keynesian view is approved only in the short-run for Iran.

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Changing gender is one of the important subjects, which is of great significance in medicine and law. Although, these subjects were existed in the past, owing to the development of technology and medical science, it has recently improved a lot. Nowadays, according to the view of Islamic Jurisprudents and in the most legal systems, this action will be quite lawful provided that the doctors recognize its effects of this action should be considered. One of these effects would be the relationship of couples with each other. For instance, does the contract of marriage will be remind or cancelled? What will happen to the dower (the money that hausband is obliged to give to his wife)? What about the waiting period (Iddah), inheritance, guardianship, custody and…. Generally, in a contract that the kind of gender has not role, changing gender has no effect. But, in a contract that the kind of gender play a fundamental role, it will be cancelled from the moment that it has been changed, and does not have any effect on the previous acquired rights.

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Aims: The aim of the research is to use and apply the non-deformed model of valuable buildings in Tehran (the 1330s to 1350s) according to the current needs of society and technology in the ideal housing in Tehran for modernization.
Methods: In the present study, the research method used in terms of purpose is applied-developmental and the study method in terms of method and nature is descriptive survey. Then, in the questionnaire without initial structure, qualitative analysis is used to identify the variables and main topics of the research, the results of which lead to the compilation of a structured questionnaire. In the later stages of the research, quantitative methods are used. It is analyzed in the imported statistical software.
Results: The results showed that the non-formal analytical model of a number of nodes, facilities, depth of space, traceability, social space, visibility, flexibility, integrity, control, open spaces, semi-open spaces, closed spaces, complexity, intermediate spaces, Vertical and horizontal communication spaces, different areas of life and access, are patterns that are known as important in modern contemporary and are in line with the needs of today's residents and their lifestyle.
Conclusion: The resulting non-deformed patterns of the plan can be used in the modernization of valuable buildings, which by creating or maintaining them in the building can lead to the correct modernization in line with the preferences of residents and according to today's lifestyle. Knowing these patterns and using them in order to achieve correct and modern contemporization has been very important.
 

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Purpose: The High level of uncertainty is harmful to the performance of knowledge-based companies. Therefore, this study examines the role of human resource management strategies and entrepreneurial orientation that can play in improving the performance of knowledge-based companies in volatility environments.
Methodology: In this research, the data collection tool is questionnaire in which reliability has been evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and its validity has been evaluated by content validity, CFA, divergent and convergent validity. The questionnaire was distributed among 227 knowledge-based companies in Tehran Science and Technology Park and was answered by one of the senior managers from each firm. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling with Amos software.
Findings: The results showed that human resource management strategies have a significant effect on firm performance by the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. The results also showed that human resource recruitment, human resource development and human resource retention have a positive and significant effect on firm performance and entrepreneurial orientation, while human resource exit strategy has a negative and significant effect on both firm performance and entrepreneurial orientation. It was also found that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on firm performance. Finally, the results showed that the volatility environment reduces the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the improvement of the performance of knowledge-based companies depends on the degree of acceptance and establishment of human resource management strategies and entrepreneurial orientation by the companies. Also, the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on performance is stronger for companies operating in a less volatility environment.

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Aims: The aim of the research is to use and apply the artificial intelligence network and data mining of the non-form pattern in the ten valuable landmark buildings of Tehran (1330s to 1350s) in the direction of modernization.

Methods: In the present study, the research method used in terms of purpose is applied-developmental and the method of study is descriptive-survey in terms of method and nature. In this research, the MLP (Multilayer perceptron) artificial intelligence network and clustering have been used to validate the non-form analysis of residential building plans in the period 1330-1350. The data were randomly divided into three sets, 70% of the data were used for training, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing.

Results: According to the analysis and matching with non-formal analysis, the results show that plans have 15, 14, 13 and 11 components in terms of non-form. which exactly corresponds to the plan's amorphous analytical tables. Therefore, the results of the non-form analysis of the plans have been validated by artificial intelligence.

Conclusion: Modernization of buildings and preservation of historical buildings are important for the majority of people and the results of this research showed that by using modern technology such as creating an artificial intelligence network, it is possible to find the invisible and hidden components in the plans of the mentioned period and use them in today's residential plans. The use of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence in order to cluster and identify the hidden relationships of plans can be very helpful.

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Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura cv. Pattriot) is one of the most important and marketable cut flowers in the world. However, a relatively limited vase life reduces its marketability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of salicylic acid (SA) and citric acid (CA) in extending the vase life of chrysanthemum flowers. Therefore, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with SA at (0, 100, 200, 300 ppm) and CA at (0, 100, 200 ppm) with 3 replicates and 3 samples (individual flowers) for each replicate, was conducted. Applying SA and CA increased vase life, petal water content (%), initial fresh weight (%) and marketability, significantly. SA treatments increased leaf relative water content (RWC), petal water content (%) and initial fresh weight (%) by 49, 73 and 23 %, compared to the controls, respectively. The highest vase life (21.77 days) was observed for the treatments of SA (300 ppm). The significant increase (300%) in vase life is considered to be due to plant regulating and anti-stress properties of SA and CA. According to the results of this experiment, SA and CA as natural, cheap, safe and biodegradable compounds are suitable alternatives for conventional chemical treatments in order to prolong vase life of cut flowers of chrysanthemum. Commercialization of these compounds for optimum formulations needs further experiments.

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This research studies pass numbers effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy of AZ31C in the tubular channel angular pressing (TCAP) at the temperature of 300 °C. Pressing process has been carried out through four pass over AZ31C Magnesium tubes and in each pass the sample is exposed to Tensile and microhardness test and Metallography. The microstructure and mechanical properties of processed tube through one to four passes of TCAP process were investigated. Microhardness of the processed tube was increased to 62Hv after one pass from an initial value of 55 Hv. An increase in the number of passes from 1 to higher number of passes has not more effect on the microhardness. Yield and ultimate strengths were increased 1.97 and 1.49 times compared to as cast condition. Notably increase in the strength was achieved after two pass TCAP while higher number of passes has not more effect. Microstructural investigation shows notably decrease in the grain size to around 6 µm from the primary value of ~200 µm. microscope images show that the grain size is getting smaller by the first pass buy bigger in the next passes.

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Baluchi sheep is considered as the most common breed in Iran, constituting about 30% of total sheep population, approximately 15 million heads. This research was designed to study the incidence of mutation in two loci of IGF-I (Exon 3) and ADRB3 (Intron) along with their association with body weight traits in Baluchi sheep population. Following DNA extraction from 190 Baluchi sheep, two pairs of primers were designed to amplify each gene. PCR-SSCP (Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism) and DNA sequencing were employed to detect polymorphism of the mentioned genes. Two banding patterns were detected for IGF-I locus. The frequencies of AA, AB were recorded as 0.89, 0.11, respectively in IGF-I locus. As for ADRB3, two patterns corresponding with two genotypes (their frequencies mentioned in parentheses) of AA (0.85) and AB (0.15) were identified. One SNP change was observed in ADRB3, and one in IGF-I. A previously reported SNP was detected in exon 3 of IGF-I. The effects of IGF-I and ADRB3 polymorphism on the corrected phenotypes for body weight at birth (BW), weaning (WW), 6 months of age (6MW), 9 months of age (9MW) and 12 months of age or Yearling Weight (YW) were examined using least square methods. No significant association was detected between the polymorphism of IGF-I and body weights. As for ADRB3, the genotype AA was found out to exert a significant positive effect on 6MW (AA, 30.20±1.85 kg day^-1; AB, 27.67±1.98 kg day^-1; P<0.05).