Showing 194 results for Marzi
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Gemination is a prevalent process in Shahmirzadi, a language of the Northwestern branch of Modern Iranian language family spoken in Shahmirzad (Semnan province). This paper presents examples of gemination in verbs, nouns, and adjectives in Shahmirzadi which occur morpheme-internally and externally. Data was gathered from 5 illiterate to Master’s level female and male middle aged and older Shamirzadi native speakers and analyzed within the framework of OT. We observed that gemination is the result of synchronic as well as diachronic assimilation in Shahmirzadi and that progressive and regressive assimilation patterns are themselves the result of two different constraint-rankings of manner and place of articulation and reciprocal-assimilation emerges out of these two rankings.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Sound substitution is a process whereby a phoneme in a loanword is replaced by its closest phone in the borrowing language. Many English loanwords with consonants /T/, /w/, /k/ and /g/ have been adapted by Persian. None of these consonants exist as a phoneme in Persian. The pronunciation or substitution of these consonants by their closest phone in Persian depends on the phonological environment; the dental /T/ is replaced by [t] and [s] respectively in the onset and coda. The bilabial /w/ is replaced by [v] in the onset. However, since [w] is only used as an intervocalic consonant in Persian, it acts like an intervocalic consonant upon the declusterization of word initial /sw/. Therefore, it is not usually replaced by any consonant in this environment. Finally, the velar consonants /k/ and /g/ either change to palatal [c] and [] respectively or do not change at all, due to the phonological environment. This research aimed at explaining each of these sound substitution processes within the framework of optimality theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993/2004). It presents arguments in favor of constraint rankings which cause the occurances of these processes.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the elementary and advanced teachers’ formative assessment literacy of speaking skill in Teaching Persian to Non-Persian Speakers context. To this end, 26 teachers of teaching Persian to non-Persian speakers, mostly female, took part in this study. To collect data about their speaking assessment practices, they were primarily involved in a semi-structured interview related to the components of aims, contents, and methods of their speaking assessment. Afterward, they answered five scenarios. The interviews were based on Xu and Brown’s (2016) framework, and the scenarios were based on Chappius and Stiggins’ (2009) assessment quality and standards. In this phase, in addition to aims, content, and methods, and two additional components of giving feedback and students’ participation in assessing the speaking skill were examined. The interview results in relation to the aims for the instructors of elementary and advanced levels shed light on six criteria including comprehension, learning and progress, teaching method and curriculum efficacy, weak and strong points, communicative and practical competence, self-confidence and feedback; in relation to content, grammatical accuracy, pronunciation, fluency, interaction and communication, pragmatics, content, turn taking and participation, and spoken and written differences were recognized; and in relation to methods, class conversation, audio and video files, modeling and memorizing, game and competition, summary telling, question and response, playing roles, giving speech, problem solving and authentic activities were identified. Quantitative analysis of the interviews and scenarios indicated statistical differences among the two groups of elementary and advanced teachers.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Teaching and learning the Arabic language is of particular importance from a religious and legal point of view in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to always maintain the position of this language both in the domestic and international arenas. The purpose of this article is to present a model for reforming the teaching and learning system of Arabic as a second language, relying on the identification of visible and hidden factors affecting it, as well as identifying the obstacles facing this issue. The basis of data collection was based on qualitative methods and specially conducting structured interviews with 10 professors of sociology of language. The analysis of the collected data has been done using the process of qualitative content analysis. AHP model and Expert Choise software have also been used to weight the research components.
The results of this article show that the tendency to teach and learn Arabic as a second language is strongly influenced by basic factors such as social, psychological and economic factors. The value of AHP coefficient was obtained for social indicators (0.403), psychological indicators (0.364) and economic indicators (0.234). The results also show that the barriers and bottlenecks in the second language teaching and learning process in Iran were identified and classified in order of importance in six areas: legal barriers, political barriers, structural barriers, social barriers, cultural barriers and economic barriers.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Recitation of the Holy Qur’an has its own phonological rules. This paper addresses total nasal place and manner assimilation, known as “idgham”, that lead to “gemination with nasalization” and “gemination without nasalization”. The former which is accompanied by lengthening occurs in the environment where the /n/ in the coda position precedes one of the four sonorants /j/, /m/, /w/, and /n/ in the onset position of the following syllable. However, the latter which is not accompanied by lengthening occurs in the environment where /n/ in the coda position precedes either of the sonorant liquids /r/ or /l/ in the onset position of the following syllable. The present research aimed at identifying the constraints whose interactions cause either of these processes in the recitation of the Holy Qur’an within the framework of optimality theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993/2004). The results of this paper are as follows: The [+long] geminated [n:.n] is the result of gemination of /n/ in the coda position with /n/ in the onset position. The [+long] geminated [m:.m] is the result of total nasal place assimilation of /n/ in the coda position with /m/ in the onset position. The [-long] geminated [r.r] and [l.l] are the result of total manner assimilation of /n/ in the coda position, respectively with /r/ and /l/ in the onset position. The [+long] geminated [j:.j] and [w:.w] are the result of both total nasal place and manner assimilations of /n/ in the coda position, respectively with /j/ and /w/ in the onset position.
Rouhollah Asadi, Marziyeh Msabouri,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (In press 2023)
Abstract
Environmental justice means the pursuit of justice and equal protection, based on the law, in all environmental conditions without discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or the economic and social status of individuals. In the urban planning system, it is very important to identify the factors that play a role in realizing environmental justice; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of good urban governance indicators on the state of environmental justice in Mashhad. The research method in this research is descriptive, analytical and based on documentary and library studies. In the field section, a questionnaire with 37 items in eight indicators was designed and after verifying validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95), it was distributed among a statistical sample of 384 citizens of the thirteen districts of Mashhad. Data analysis was done using statistical tests in SPSS software and spatial analysis in GIS.The findings show that the indicators of good urban governance, including participation, legality, accountability, and transparency, are below the standard level (average of 3) in most areas of Mashhad, and this has had a negative impact on environmental justice. Only seven and eleven regions performed well in some indicators. The future path suggests that urban management promotes environmental justice by focusing on increasing public participation and transparency.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (in press 2024)
Abstract
Climate change has become one of humanity's greatest challenges. Rising temperatures, weather fluctuations, and especially changes in precipitation and wind patterns have profound impacts on infrastructure and urban structures. These changes not only increase the risk of natural disasters but also affect the design and construction of buildings. Therefore, the development of innovative solutions to enhance the seismic performance and resilience of these buildings, especially in regions susceptible to climate change, is crucial. This study examines the performance of an 8-story steel structure with geometric irregularity in its plan against the effects of climate change, focusing on wind loading under three different wind speed increase scenarios including:1-low 2-moderate, and 3-severe. To mitigate the negative effects of these changes on the seismic performance of the structure, magnetorheological damper was employed. The entire floor slabs of the structure were considered rigid. The modified Bouc-Wen method was used to indicate damper behavior in dynamic equations of the structure and two control scenarios including passive control and active control were considered. NatHaz online wind simulator data base was used for modeling wind loading on structure and the Simulink environment of MATLAB was used to model the structure equipped with a magnetorheological damper under wind loading.
The results indicated that a slight increase in wind speed led to an average increase of 35%, while a moderate increase resulted in over 60%, and a severe increase in wind speed caused more than a 100% rise in maximum displacement, drift, and base shear responses of structure. By adding magnetorheological damper to improve the negative effects of increased wind speed on the seismic performance of the structure, the damper was able to reduce the maximum displacement, drift, and base shear of the floor where it was installed by 14%, 32%, and 38% respectively in scenario (1), by 16%, 40%, and 32% respectively in scenario (2), and by 8%, 28%, and 29% respectively in scenario (3). This indicates that the damper effectively controlled the response of the floor it is installed on and was able to mitigate the negative effects of climate change. Furthermore, this damper not only positively affected the floor it was installed on but also improved the seismic response of the roof level, maintaining its effectiveness across all three climate change scenarios. Additionally, the results indicated that the damper performs better in active control mode compared to passive mode. However, the parameters related to maximum acceleration of the floor indicates a significant increase in the active control scenario, while in the passive control scenario, no significant changes were observed. The best results were achieved in the low and moderate wind speed increase scenarios. Although in the severe wind speed increase scenario, the damper maintained its effective performance. In conclusion, it can be said that the force generated by the magnetorheological damper has intelligent adjustability, which can change based on environmental conditions and loading. This feature allows structures to respond more quickly to sudden environmental changes and provides greater safety against damage caused by climatic conditions as well as enhancing the resilience of structures against adverse weather conditions.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2012)
Abstract
Subterranean termites are one of the most important pests of buildings, historic monuments and agricultural crops in some parts of Iran. Using entomopathogenic fungi as microbial insecticides is usually a part of biological control and insect pest management. The pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (DEMI 001) isolated from Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) was compared against two subterranean termites, Amitermes vilis (Hagen) and Microcerotermes gabrielis (Weidner) under laboratory conditions. Suspensions of the fungus spores at five concentrations of 101, 102, 103, 104, 106 spores ml-1 were prepared to define LC50 and LT50. To determine LC50 and LT50 of M. anisopliae, bioassays were carried out on worker casts of both termite species. LC50 values for A. vilis and M. gabrielis were 8.5 × 103 and 0.2 × 102 spores ml-1, respectively. LT50 value for M. gabrielis was shorter than that of A. vilis at all five concentrations tested. According to the results of the bioassay, M. anisopliae was more effective for controlling M. gabrielis than that for A. vilis.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2010)
Abstract
Evaluation of Liver Enzymes’ Level in Blood Serum of Crystal Addicts
Introduction: Crystal or dimetamphetamine is one of the harmful substances which are imported to Iran in the last few years. Crystal is made of pure heroin. Its harmful effects are more than heroin. Addiction to crystal can produce psychological and organ damage. In order to find out which part of body could be affected, examination of enzymes is useful. Liver is one of the organs which can be infected by drug abuse. Liver function test can be used to show these harmful effects. The aim of the present study is to exanimate of the effects of crystal abuse on liver enzymes such as Aspartat transaminase, Alanine transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase in crystal abusers.
Materials & Methods: The current study is a case-control and cross-sectional study on 105 crystal addicted as case group who had referred to addiction treatment center for the first time and 100 healthy people as control group. The activity of enzymes was measured by callorimetery-spectrophotometry method. Results were analyzed by T-test exam and SPSS-16 software.
Results: results show that using crystal increases the level of AST, ALT and ALP and there is a significant relationship between crystal abuse and the level of ALP (p=0.027). In addition, there is a significant relationship between duration of crystal use and the level of ALP (p<0.05).
Conclusion: comparing with AST and ALT levels, ALP level is more affected by crystal abuse.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2015)
Abstract
Six species of pteromalid wasps associated with plant galls, Rosa beggeriana Schrenk, Ephedra major Host and Salix pycnostachya Andersson were collected from Kerman province, during 2010-2011. The identified wasps belong to four genera: Caenacis Förster, 1856, Gastrancistrus Westwood, 1833, Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833, and Pteromalus Swederus, 1795. Three species are newly recorded for the Iranian fauna: Gastrancistrus ephedrae Dzhanokmen, 1994 (Pireninae), Pteromalus cyniphidis (Linnaeus, 1758) and P. dolichurus (Thomson, 1878) (Pteromalinae). Gastrancistrus ephedrae is associated with an unknown species of insect on E. major, P. bedeguaris (Thomson, 1878) with Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen, 1882) (Hym.: Cynipidae) on R. beggeriana, P. cyniphidis and P. dolichurus with an unknown species of insect in leaf galls on S. pycnostachya, and Caenacis cf. inflexa and Mesopolobus sericeus with D. fructuum on R. beggeriana. Three new biological associations were found: M. sericeus with D. fructuum, and P. cyniphidis and P. dolichurus with S. pycnostachya. Short taxonomic comments, hosts and geographical distribution of the species are briefly mentioned.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (Winter 2023)
Abstract
Volume 1, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract
Certain compounds of plants such as essential oils, with insecticidal properties have been considered as alternatives to chemical pesticides for pest control. This study reports the fumigant toxicity of Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae) peel essential oils against stored-product insect pest, red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Tenebrionidae) adults. Experiment was carried out at 27 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 5 % relative humidity in darkness. Experimental concentrations were 15, 22, 31, 45, and 63 μl/l air tested on adult (1-7 days old) insects after 24 and 48 h of exposure. Results indicated that essential oils from C. reticulata had fumigant tocxicity effects against this stored pest. LC50 values were 38.2 and 35.6 μl/l air at 24 and 48 h after exposure of T. castaneum adults respectively. The essential oils of Citrus reticulata fruit peels at the highest dose of 63 μl/l air caused 76.6 % and 79 % mortality of insects after 24 and 48 hours of exposure, respectively. Mortality of T. castaneum increased with both increase in concentration of C. reticulata oils as well as exposure time of treated insects. These results suggest the potencial of C. reticulata oil as a control agent against T. castaneum.
Volume 1, Issue 2 ((Articles in Persian) 2010)
Abstract
Volume 2, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
This study we tries to introduce Nikolai Gumiliov-Acmeism Father of Russia– and also to study how he became familiar with the East and be influenced of east works. Gumiliov created unique works by pattern of Easter elements in his poems. In this study, we try to analyze some of them to make clear their inspiration sources. The most important and interesting of his poems are “Drank Dervish”, “Imitation of Persian”, “Persian Miniature”, “Pilgrim” and verse play “The Child of God”, the influence of the East is clearly seen in all of them. Gumiliov in his friendly correspondence signed pen name of Hafiz. He always looked for ways to enrich his land culture and spiritual elements closer to East. It is because that East with poetical forms and icons has been reflected in his works and influenced his ideology, so that one can easily distinguish him from other Russian silver era writers. In this article, also we show how elements of Easter religion, Mysticism, and Islamic mysticism are reflected in his works.
Volume 2, Issue 3 ((Articles in Persian) 2011)
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to determine the degree of using cognitive learning and strategies of learning by Iranian French Language Learners. Furthermore, it aimed at determining the effect of using cognitive strategies on learner autonomy. In doing so, a questionnaire of 12 questions was filled in by 38 post-graduate students of TMU. The frequency of utilization of cognitive strategies including summarizing, memorizing, guessing the meaning of words, repetition, extra-curricular practicing, learning through comparative reasoning, note taking, using mnemo techniques, paraphrasing, review and research is studied. The results of Freidman test showed that the difference between the mean ranks was significant, and the most frequent strategies were note-taking (76.3%), guessing the meaning (75.65%), and elaboration (71.71%). In general, the results showed that among the cognitive strategies, there was almost a correlation between documentary research and extra-curricular activities. There was also a positive correlation with autonomy(58%).
Volume 2, Issue 4 (winter 2021)
Abstract
Problem statement: In fact, urban streets as the most important part of the urban landscape structure, reflect the values and socio-cultural relations of citizens and can well facilitate or influence the possibility of living in the city and social interactions. Therefore, moving towards vibrant urban spaces is even more necessary in cities, despite the dynamic and human-centered public spaces that provide the ground for the active presence of human beings in the environment. Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of humanistic urban landscape in the vitality of Tabriz city streets from the perspective of citizens.
Methods: The research is descriptive-analytical with an applied purpose. Snowball method was used to determine the sample size. SPSS software and ANP method were used to analyze the data. Results: The results obtained from the final analysis of selected research spaces based on humanistic landscape components and quality of life show that the range of Shariati to Ghonga intersection with a normal weight of 0.498 is more consistent with the extracted qualities.
Conclusion: The final results of the weights showed that the highest average goes back to the criterion of biological urban elements and the views of the streets of Tabriz affect the perception of citizens and their interpretation and reading of the environment. Also, the results obtained from the final analysis of the selected spaces of the research based on the components of humanistic perspective and quality of vitality, are more in line with the extracted qualities.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (8-2011)
Abstract
Public sphere and social ethics are always among the basic topics of sociology discussions. The main hypothesis of this study is that «action in the public sphere» is an effective factor on increasing the experience of shame as social ethics. For examining the relationship between these two, Hannah Arendt's «Public sphere theory» and Morris Rosenberg's «Reflective evaluation» principles were used. The model considered in this study includes freedom belief, plurality, private self-disclosure and public self-disclosure, which are participated as effective variables (in two forms: directed and indirected) on the experience of shame. Statistical population of this study includes the students of Tehran University at undergraduate, graduate and PhD degrees. 400 of them were selected by quota sampling for responding using proportional size method. The required data were collected using survey and questionnaire methods. The results of statistical analysis showed that students' public self-disclosure, freedom belief, plurality, gender and education degree have significant impacts on the experience of shame as social ethics. Only the significant effect of private self-disclosure was not confirmed statistically.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (11-2012)
Abstract
Lactic acid is the final product of anaerobic glycolysis, which is converted immediately into lactate. Most of the uptaken lactate is used as an aerobic substrate in skeletal muscle. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential electron carrier of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with antioxidant properties. It has been suggested that an intra-cellular shuttle is playing an important role in transferring lactate through mitochondrial membrane. Decreasing blood lactate concentration and its subsequent problems after a physical activity are of an important goals in physical performance. The Participants were 23 healthy young 20-30 years-old aerobic-trained women. They consumed 300mg/day of Coenzyme Q10 for 10 days. Blood lactate concentration and physical performance were measured at the beginning and at the end of the period using lactometer and Bruce test, respectively.At the beginning of the 10-day period blood, lactate concentration was 13.56±0.75 mmol/L, which was decreased to 11.12±0.67 mmol/L at the end of this period, significantly.Running time to exhaustion increased by 48.74±7.23 seconds significantly.Also VO2max increased by 3 Lit/min significantly. The results showed that the intake of 300 mg Coenzyme Q10 supplement in a 10-day period decreased blood lactate concentration and increased physical performance in the young trained women significantly.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (11-2012)
Abstract
Tyrosinase also known as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a copper-containing mono-oxygenase, which is responsible for melanization in animals and the enzymatic browning of fruits. It displays two distinct enzymatic activities: hydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols (monophenolase activity) and oxidation of the latter to o-quinones (diphenolase activity). The inhibition of tyrosinase is very important and encourages us to takes special attempts to search for new inhibitors. For the first time in the present study, the effects of 2-nitroaniline (a), 3-nitroaniline (b) and 4-nitroaniline (c) as well as their newly synthesized vanillin derivatives (2-nitrobenzenaminium 4-formil-2-metoxyphenolate (d), 3-nitrobenzenaminium 4-formil-2- metoxyphenolate (e) and 4-nitrobenzen aminium 4-formil-2-metoxyphenolate (f)) were studied on the oxidation of dopamine hydrochloride by mushroom tyrosinase. Among them, 4-nitroaniline (c) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect, while acted as an activator. For these compounds, the IC50 follows the order of b> f= a> e> c. Compounds a, b and f were competitive while c and e were un-competitive inhibitors. The results indicated that the relative positioning of amino and nitro groups is important in the inhibition of the enzyme.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
Aim: The center of family around the mother and her presence or absence can effect on the emotional intelligence and mental health of students. In other words, working mothers inside or outside home have different effects on both the boy and girl students. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health of students with working and non-working mothers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a population consisting of all high school girls and boys in the city (total n=140). Data were gathered by a questionnaire. After verifying the validity and reliability, the data were collected, and analyzed using SPSS18 and descriptive statistics.
Findings: The findings indicate that mothers’ employment brings no negative and positive consequences for emotional intelligence and mental health, though it positively affects students’ educational performance. Results also revealed that the adolescent children of employed mothers had high emotional intelligence. The female children of employed mothers showed more emotional intelligence, while there were no gender differences in the emotional intelligence of adolescent children of homemakers.
Conclusion: The research finding revealed that boys and girls with working mothers have low mental health, this results approves that presence of mother at home is necessary.
