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Across most languages, verbs produced by agrammatic aphasics are frequently marked by syntactically and semantically inappropriate inflectional affixes. The present study focuses on tense and grammatical agreement in the speech of Persian agrammatic aphasics according to the Tree Pruning Hypothesis (Friedmann & Grodzinsky, 1997). We wanted to know whether or not all functional morphemes are equally affected in this syndrome. We hypothesized that tense features are more severely impaired than agreement inflection. So we evaluated two Persian agrammatic patients in this descriptive-analytic study. They were classified as agrammatic Broca's aphasics according to the Persian aphasia test. The spontaneous speech, verb completion task and sentence repetition task were also designed and performed. Our findings showed that tense features are more severely impaired than agreement inflection. Results did not indicate a significant difference between different aspects of the Past tense; there was a significant difference between the mean of responses to Past tense in comparison to Present tense and Future. Our findings showed that the impairment in use of Past tense was more than the other tenses. On the other hand, tense features were more severely impaired than agreement inflection. This is because in languages with a rich system of agreement inflections like Persian, the verb agreement is a phonological representation of agreement between subject and verbal head in a specific position called Inflection phrase. Subject-verb agreement errors may occur because there is no movement of verb from the head of the tense phrase to the head of the agreement phrase as a kind of head-to head movement. The general idea is that the selective pattern of impairment in Broca's agrammatic aphasia and the dissociations witnessed in tense and agreement use follows from the inaccessibility of high nodes of the syntactic tree to agrammatic speakers. This causes syntactic structures that relate to high nodes of the tree to be impaired in agrammatism, whereas lower structures are unimpaired. A retrospective examination of the literature shows that our findings are corroborated by others. These findings also bear upon central issues in linguistic theories, such as checking theory in Minimalist Program by Noam Chomsky (1992) and that of Pollock (1989), regarding split inflection.
 

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Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important industrial crop and its seeds contain significant amounts of oil. The extraction of oil components using solvent at high pressure, or supercritical fluid (SCF), has received much attention. In the present study, statistical analyses showed that the average extraction yield of seed oil of five tobacco varieties using SFE was 9.33%, which was higher than Sonication (7.75%) and DGF (Deutsche Gesellschaft f_r Fettwissenschaft) standard method B-I5(87) (8.48%), but lower than Soxhlet (13.72%). Also, fatty acids profile of each extracted oil was determined by gas chromatography. Various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids such as lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3) and eicosanoic (C20:0) acids were observed in the extracted oils.

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The aim of the proposed study is to investigate the size dependent behavior of the micro-bridge gyroscopes under the combined effects of instantaneous DC voltage and harmonic base excitation. To do so, modified couple stress theory is utilized to model the size-dependent behavior of the micro-gyroscope. To avoid resonance, viscous damping is used. Hamilton’s principle is then employed to derive the governing equations of motion. Afterwards, to convert the partial differential equations of motion to ordinary differential equations of motion, a Galerkin based single mode approximation is made. Then fourth-order Range-Kutta method is used to solve the governing equations of motion. To check the accuracy of the present model, the results are then validated through comparison with the available results in the literature and the comparison shows good agreements. In addition to the previous comparison, the present results are the validated through comparison with the results of COMSOL simulation. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters on the dynamic pull-in instability and amplitude of the vibrations are investigated. The observation shows that for the case of the harmonic base excitation, the system will be excited on two frequencies.

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Nowadays, due to the proven adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants, much research has been done on using natural antioxidants, including natural extracts and essential oils, in the production of foods. One of these natural compounds is turmeric, which has traditionally been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries and is known as a functional food. in this research effect of turmeric essential oil on oxidative stability of soybean oil was evaluated. Turmeric essential oil was extracted using Clevenger apparatus. Different concentrations of turmeric essential oil were compared with synthetic antioxidant TBHQ during oxidation process of soybean oil for 14 days at 70 °C and peroxide value, acidity, iodine and anisidine value were measured. results showed that with increasing the concentration of turmeric essential oil, the amount of oxidation was significantly reduced. The highest antioxidant capacity were seen in samples containing 1000 ppm essential oil. Our research showed that turmeric essential oil could be used as effective natural antioxidant in oil industry.