---

Abstract:
Research subject: Leaching and recovery parameters controlling the releasing of selenium from Sar-Cheshmeh copper anode slimes are studied and determined.
Research approach: Copper anode slimes is produced during the production of cathodic copper at the bottom of electrolyte cells, which is composed of insoluble anode components in the electrolyte. The copper anode slimes are made up of those components of the anodes, which are not soluble in the electrolyte. They contain varying quantities of precious metals like gold, silver, selenium and tellurium, and other precious metals in the anodic copper. They are being extracted as a by-product in the copper production process. Due to the fact that the main source of selenium is sulfur deposits such as copper and nickel. Copper anodic slimes is currently the only source of selenium in the world. In this study, the extraction of selenium from anodic copper slimes has been feasible. To do this, acid leaching has been used. Copper anodic sludge is the raw material for the production of more than 90% of the world's selenium and is the main source of selenium production.[1-3]
Main result: In this paper, the effect of operational parameters such as acid concentration, temperature, process time and liquid to solid ratio on selenium recovery through copper slimes leaching was investigated. The optimum conditions of batch leaching For maximum selenium extraction from anodic copper slimes are attained at 3 mol L^-1 of HNO₃ concentration, 0.01 (W/V) solid to liquid ratio for 60 min contact time at 70 º­C. Under the optimized conditions, the selenium leaching efficiency was 99%. The thermodynamic data showed positive values of both ΔH and ΔS which indicates that the leaching process is indeed endothermic and random while the obtained negative values of ΔG show that selenium dissolution process is spontaneous in nature.

---

Although syllable is not a meaningful unit of language, it has major functional roles in language. One of the most important functional roles of syllable is the formation and organization of language’s phonetic system. Any language has its specific syllable construct (patterns), and specific restrictions for the combination and use of sounds in the syllable level. In addition, various languages usually tend to keep their syllable rules; so, syllable patterns usually are not loaned by languages. Therefore, it can be said that part of differences in phonetic systems in various languages are caused by differences in their syllable structure. On the other hand, due to its main function (formation and organization of language’ phonetic system), syllable is directly associated with the learning of language’s phonetic system. The present article deals with comparison of the common syllable patterns in Russian and Persian languages. The results show that the patterns of the Russian syllable are more diverse than that of Persian. Most important differences that are often problematic for Iranian learners are the heavy consonant cluster in the onset of Russian words and syllables, as well as the frequency of multi-syllabic words in Russian language.  

---

The present paper seeks to analyze the main term-formation methods in Persiand and Russian Languages Special languages and their linguistics specification (morphological, syntactic, word formation and etc.) are one of the most research subjects in modern terminology. Recently , among these linguistics specifications, researches on  term formation are becoming necessary due to their main role in terminology systematization.
On the other hand, with the increase of inter-linguistic interactions in the specialized fields, the comparative aspects of the aforementioned researches have made a major contribution to the research in this field. It is evident that for such research, a general reference system of the classification of tools and methods of word formation is necessary.
This paper aims to present a common system for different types of term formation in Persian and Russian languages. This paper answer to this question: to what extent term-making tools and methods are overlapping in these two languages, and could reach into a comprehensive classification of both Persian and Russian languages?
To This end, The authors first studied all present kind of term-formation methods and tools in both Persian and Russian languages. The result showed, in the first section, the relative affinities term-formation methods and tools for the Russian and Persian languages. Next, according to classification cited in Russian sources and focusing on the linguistic nature of the new term-formation method, the term – formation methods were classified into five general categories of morphological, syntactic, semantic, borrowing, and abbreviations making.
  Morphological method focuses on morpheme (generally affixes) for new word; syntactic method leads to phrase-formation as an term; in semantic method usually, words of general language are transformed to terms using metonymic or metaphoric tools; in borrowing, words incorporated into one language from other languages and in abbreviations making – as a word formation method, words divided to a unit such as phoneme.