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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of socioeconomic factors on the constructs of the modified Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in relation to reproductive health in adolescents.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 578 female students aged 12-16 years, recruited through a multistage random cluster sampling method, in Tehran, Iran. A self-administered TPB-based constructed questionnaire was designed and used for data gathering. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between family size, number of siblings, birth rank, and family closeness, source of information, and reproductive health behavior.
Findings: The mean age of the participants was 14.1 years. None of the participants obtained a perfect score in relation to reproductive health. In addition, they achieved average scores less than half the rates. Number of siblings, family size, birth rank, mother education and information source were factors associated with TPB the constructs (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize that Socioeconomic factors can have an effective role in students' sexual and reproductive health behaviors.

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Aims: The identification of factors that affect health literacy in the elderly will aid in designing interventions aimed at promoting health literacy by focusing on these factors. Therefore, the present aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and financial literacy among the elderly.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 295 elderly in Urmia, Iran, who were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method in 2022. The data collection tools included a demographic information form, the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults Questionnaire, and the Financial Literacy Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, employing the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Findings: The mean health literacy score of the elderly participants was 64.38 out of 100, indicating a not very sufficient level. Additionally, the mean financial literacy score was 47.84 out of 100, reflecting a low level of financial literacy. A positive and significant correlation was found between financial literacy and health literacy (p<0.001, r=0.60).
Conclusion: There are low levels of both financial literacy and health literacy among the elderly in Urmia, and financial literacy and health literacy are positively correlated.

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In nowadays highly competitive markets, corporate managers are looking for new ways to make people aware of their products, and promote their brands. For this purpose, they use a variety of marketing techniques to attract more customers. One of the most effective techniques, based on communications between individuals, is electronic Word-of-Mouth (WOM) marketing. In recent years, the increase of Internet users in Iran has created a proper opportunity for companies to use this technique beside traditional marketing methods. Doing this, in addition to increase of their market share and raising their customer’s product awareness, they can improve the company's brand. So it is necessary for companies to pay more attention to the virtual spaces where WOM communications take place and even control them. This study is implemented on the basis of a qualitative research method known as Netnography. Using MAXQDA data analysis software, we tried to empirically explore one of these virtual internet spaces. For this purpose, some topics of an Iranian Internet forum discussing around home appliances were studied. So after identifying the constituent factors of the forum, some correlations between these factors were detected.