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In this study two Bacillus pumilus including ToIrFT- KC806241 and ToIrMA-KC806242 were obtained from tomato fields and characterized based on phenotypic and molecular properties. Their possibility to reduce root knot disease of tomato caused by Meloidogyne javanica was evaluated. The experiments were done in lab and under pot conditions. Application of the ToIr-MA against M. javanica reduced the number of galls and eggs. Preliminary results indicated that the ToIr-MA has an ability to produce proteolytic enzymes in lab conditions. It seems that the bacterial culture filtrates can suppress egg hatching and increase juvenile's mortality, but the role of these metabolites in disease suppression needs to be investigated. Significant enhancement in root and shoot length (33%) and dry root and shoot weight (64 and 67%) was also recorded over usage of strain ToIr-MA in comparison to untreated controls. Additionally, survival of bacterial strains in rhizosphere and increases in population density were seen using root colonization assay. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such B. pumilus strain with nematicidal activity against M. javanica has been reported in Iran which may suggest to manage disease and change microbial population dynamics in the rhizosphere.  

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Introduction
Elections, as a political behavior, are the most important arena of political participation and play a fundamental role in determining the fate of society. Participation in elections and the act of voting are also the crystallization the will of public opinion and voters. Accordingly, analyzing electoral behavior of different periods can provide a more accurate understanding of the political, social and economic developments of each period. The present study aims to investigate, explain and analyze the factors affecting electoral behavior of the tenth and eleventh periods of the Islamic Consultative Assembly elections in the constituencies of Qasr-e-Shirin, Sar-e Pol-e Zahab and Gilan Gharb. The importance, necessity and motivation for choosing the subject, on the one hand, goes back to the fundamental position of the legislative branch, whose function has a fundamental impact and role on the fate of the people and the country. On the other hand, it is related to the constituency, which has not been researched in this field so far. This work is the first study and a response to this necessity.
The theoretical framework of the research is a combination of electoral behavior models and, based on this, it analyzes the role of tribal-ethnic divide, religious divide, and city-based orientation as long-term factors and political factionalism and economic factors as short-term factors in shaping the voting pattern of the constituency.
This constituency includes three cities with a population of 165,602 people and one representative. It also has specific geographical, cultural, and historical characteristics, a diverse population, and different economic and social conditions. The people of these areas are Kurds and are formed from different tribes and clans. Culturally, they are also a mixture of Sunnis, Shiites, and Ahl al-Haqq. These characteristics have been able to leave significant and noticeable effects on political and electoral orientations over time and in different periods.

Methodology
The data gathering procedure is based library and field finding method. The number of sample is 395 people who are 20 years old and more. T-test and paired t-tests are used to compare variables in the 10^th and 11^th elections of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the study area. The statistical method is used to compare the nature of the analyses.

Discussion and Results
The results showed that the long-term and short-term variables of the research have had an effect on voting behavior in both election periods. However, there are differences in the extent and manner of the effects of the aforementioned factors between the two periods. In such a way that the role of the tribal-clan divides and county orientation has increased in the 11^th period compared to the 10^th period, which indicates the strengthening and attention to ethnic and local identities. In contrast, the role of religious divide has decreased compared to the tenth period, which could indicate a change in voters' prioritization or a change in the approach of influential individuals in this field. The role of political factionalism and the economic factor has also been greater in the 11^th period which could be due to voters' increased attention to economic and livelihood conditions and political affiliations. However, the presence of candidates as voters with special political, social characteristics and financial capabilities at unconventional expense should not be ignored in voters' behavior.

Conclusion
The analysis of the voting pattern in the constituencies of Qasr-e Shirin, Sar-e Pol-e Zahab and Gilan Gharb in the tenth and eleventh periods of the Islamic Consultative Assembly shows significant changes in voters' priorities. The results of the analysis of the voting pattern in the social, political and economic space indicate the importance of paying attention to local, ethnic, religious and cultural needs. Therefore, the analysis of the findings indicates both the change and stability of some factors in the voting pattern. Overall, the analysis of these two periods shows that voting patterns were influenced by a combination of long-term and short-term factors. While some factors, such as religious divides, have remained stable, others, such as tribal-ethnic divides, city-state orientation, and political factionalism, have seen significant changes with increasing trends. The increasing importance of economic issues in both periods also indicates that livelihood problems and obstacles have remained at the center of voters’ decision-making.

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Abstract:Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has been used increasingly over the last two decades, especially in the pre-cast concrete industry because of its ability to consolidate without vibration even in congested areas. The development of SCC mixture design has been driven mostly by private companies who desired to utilize advantages of SCC. Consequently, there exists limited public information regarding the performance of SCC mixtures. In addition, SCC can be characterized as flowing concrete without segregation and bleeding, capable of filling spaces and dense reinforcement. Further it should be able to flow through, and completely fill the form without vibration. Due to the technical and economic advantages that can be accrued by the use of pozzolans, they play an important role when added to Portland cement by usually increasing the mechanical strength and durability of concrete structures. This paper present, an experimental study on the properties of different self-consolidating concrete mixes containing three types of pozzolanic materials in comparison with SCC mixtures without any pozzolanic materials and conventionally vibrated concrete mixtures. Silica fume, pumice powder and rice husk ash were used for both cement and filler replacements. Various experiments such as slump-flow, J-ring, L-box, V-funnel and sieve segregation resistance were investigated for fresh concrete. Further, compressive strength, water and chloride-ion permeability and capillary water absorption at various days were carried out to determine the properties of self-consolidating concretes. The test results indicated that pozzolanic materials such as RHA and VP can be used to produce SCCs. Regarding the strength properties, the test results showed that the 270-day compressive strength of ordinary SCC is about 70 MPa, while SCC mixtures containing SF, RHA and VP have strengths more than 90, 77 and 76 MPa, respectively. In addition, the results proved that artificial and natural pozzolans enhanced the durability of SCC and reduced the penetration, significantly. For instance, adding 15% pumice and 7% silica fume in the SCC specimen reduced the water depth at 90 days by 19% and 54%, respectively.

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In the present study, pumpkin flour with 0, 1, 3 and 5% was used as a substitute for flour and sugar in biscuit formulations. The physicochemical, antioxidant, rheological, sensory properties and peroxide value of the samples during the intervals 1, 30 and 60 days after baking were examined. The results of rheological evaluation of dough showed that the lowest degree of dough softening and the highest quality number belonged to the treatment T3 (containing 5% pumpkin flour + 95% wheat flour + 25% sugar) (p≤0.05). By increasing the amount of pumpkin flour, the protein content of cooked biscuits significantly decreased and the fat, fiber and moisture content of biscuits significantly increased (p≤0.05). With the increase in the amount of pumpkin flour, the content of the peroxide value of biscuits significantly decreased. In all of the studied days, increasing the amount of pumpkin flour, the total phenol content of the samples increased significantly and the IC₅₀ of the biscuits significantly decreased (p≤0.05). The results showed that adding different amounts of pumpkin flour caused a significant decrease in the hardness and cohesiveness of the samples (p≤0.05) The sensory evaluation results of the samples showed that the highest total acceptance rating belonged to the treatment T3 (containing 5% pumpkin flour + 95% wheat flour + 25% sugar), the treatment was introduced as superior treatment.

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Abstract
In the present study, the effect of adding quinoa flour and germinated wheat flour on the physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties of sponge cake was investigated.The results showed that as the amount of quinoa flour and germinated wheat flour increased, ash, protein, and fat content of sponge cake samples significantly increased (p<0.05). The lowest porosity was observed in sample T₆ (sponge cake containing 15% quinoa flour + 15% wheat flour) (p≤0.05). The highest moisture content was observed in sample T₈ (sponge cake containing 15% quinoa flour + 0% germinated wheat flour) on all days (p≤0.05). Texture profile analysis results showed that texture of sponge cake samples significantly increased with increasing amount of quinoa flour and germinated wheat flour (P≤0.05). Evaluation of sensory test results showed that the highest color score belonged to sample T₇ (sponge cake containing 0% quinoa flour + 15% germinated wheat flour) and sample T₈ (sponge cake containing 15% quinoa flour + 0% germinated wheat flour). Was. The lowest odor score was observed in the control sample and the highest in the sample T₈ (sponge cake containing 15% quinoa flour + 0% germinated wheat flour) (p≤0.05). The highest sensory score belonged to the sample T₈ (sponge cake containing 15% quinoa flour + 0% germinated wheat flour) and sample T₈ (sponge cake containing 15% quinoa flour + 0% germinated wheat flour) was selected as the highest treatment.

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In the current study, molecular typing of 50 Erwinia amylovora strains related to different regions in Iran was evaluated using multi-locus sequence analysis and variable number of tandem repeats. In the first assay, phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences of recombinase A, sigma factor S and a heat shock protein GroEL showed significant identity in studied gene sequences. A single nucleotide variation in groEL was determined in IrGh59 strain related to Crataegus spp. from Ghazvin Province. In VNTR analysis, the same fingerprinting profile similar to E. amylovora reference strain ATCC49946 was yielded for tested strains except NBQ1 and MQ1 which may reflect a unique contaminating source for this disease in Iran. In addition, the honey-bee movements with respect to blossom season probably have a considerable role in fire blight unique dispersal in our area. The NBQ1 and MQ1 strains generated different VNTR profiles, isolated from cultivars NeishabourandEsfehan of Cydonia oblonga plant, respectively. No definite assessment can be expressed in this case. However, possible entry of other infection mass from neighboring countries should be determined. Overall, VNTR profile analyses are recommended as a tool to evaluate genetic differences in E. amylovora populations. In addition, employing more strains from different known sources could be assistance to achieve more accurate results about E. amylovora genetic variation and also fire blight distribution patterns.

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Root-knot nematodes are the most economically important plant pathogens in pistachio. The ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains VUPF5, VUPF52, Bacillus cereus strain PRC95 and Bacillus subtilis strain PRC96 were tested as biocontrol agents for Meloidogyne incognita on the pistachio cultivars Sarakhs and Badami. The effect of these bacterial strains on defense-related enzymes activity in pistachio was also investigated. Pistachio seedlings of both cultivars were treated with bacterial strains and then were inoculated with 2000 second-stage juveniles of nematode after two days. Evaluations were made for changes of Peroxidase (POX), PolyPhenolOxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine Ammonia lyase (PAL) and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) determined at 2, 4, 7, and 10 Days After nematode Inoculation (DAI). Results showed improved activity of POX, PAL and PPO in both cultivars. The most significant result for POX activity in the treated seedlings belonged to Pseudomonas strain VUPF5 at 7 DAI for Sarakhs and 10 DAI for Badami. However, this strain displayed an increase in PAL activity at 2 and 4 DAI in Badami and Sarakhs, respectively. Seedlings treated by the Pseudomonas strain VUPF52 at 10 DAI had the highest PPO activity among cultivars. TPC concentration was slightly higher, by 8.4% at 4 DAI, in Sarakhs seedlings treated with VUPF5, but no significant increase could be seen in the Badami cultivar compared with the control. In another experiment, 4 months after nematode inoculation in seedlings of both cultivars treated by bacterial strains, numbers of galls, egg masses, and second juveniles decreased compared with the non-treated seedlings.

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In the current study, the phenotypic and molecular properties of twenty-five strains obtained from cankerous tissues or leaf necrotic lesions of different stone fruits were evaluated in north-east of Iran . All strains studied were identified as Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) based on phenotypic assays and confirmed by means of specific PCR at species and pathovar levels. All obtained strains were pathogenic under artificial inoculation and exhibited brittle necrotic spots on plum leaves of cultivar Santa Rosa under lab conditions. Then, the pathogenic Xap strains were subjected to molecular assays. In a phylogenetic tree constructed with gyrB sequences, no polymorphism was observed in this gene and Iranian Xap strains were clustered with the reference one in a separate group. The ERIC, BOX and REP primer sets generated reproducible genomic PCR profiles in tested strains and, based on combined data for all primers, a low genetic diversity among Xap strains was revealed. In order to achieve results that are more accurate, application of Xap strains from all geographical regions of Iran will be needed to prove little polymorphism observed in Xap population. The current contribution is the first report of molecular homogeneity of Xap strains that were collected from northeastern Iran.
 

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One of the main concerns in the production and processing of fishery products is the issue of storage and increasing its shelf life. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the effect of chitosan-chia seed gum coating (2% and 1.5% of the sample weight, respectively) on some chemical properties (the amount of free fatty acids, peroxide, thiobarbituric acid index, volatile nitrogenous bases and pH). , microbial (number of Escherichia coli bacteria) and sensory of phytophagous fish during storage period (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days) was done at refrigerator temperature. The results showed that the amount of free fatty acids, peroxide, thiobarbituric index, volatile nitrogenous bases and the number of Escherichia coli bacteria in all the samples increased with the increase in storage time, and this increase was less intense in the samples coated with chitosan-chia seed gum solution. The findings indicated that with increasing storage time, the pH level increased in the uncoated samples, but in the coated samples, the pH level decreased at first and then increased. The sensory evaluation of the samples also revealed that the overall acceptance of the samples decreased with the increase in storage time and after the third day of storage, the coated samples received more points than the uncoated samples from the evaluators. Finally, this study showed that the use of chitosan-chia seed gum coating can help increase the shelf life of fish fillets in the refrigerator.

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The sugar beet crop has always been attacked by various pests and diseases. Rhizomania viral disease, which has spread in different regions of sugar beet cultivation, has become a disease of prime importance for the crop in the last three decades. Resistant cultivar usage is the only reliable way to manage rhizomania disease. In order to identify promising genotypes, eleven sugar beet genotypes with natural infection to rhizomania, in a company with three controls, were assessed in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The experiment was conducted in six research stations of Karaj, Khoy, Kermanshah, Mashhad, Miandoab, and Shiraz for two cropping seasons (2020 and 2021). Based on the rhizomania score, all genotypes had acceptable resistance to the disease. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) stability analysis illustrated that the first five principal components were significant and specified 88.8% of the total genotype by environment interaction variance. Gen-7, Gen-10, Gen-11, and Gen-2 were selected as stable genotypes based on the AMMI model. Genotype plus Genotype by Environment Interaction (GGE) biplot results also confirmed the superiority of Gen-10 and Gen-11 regarding sugar yield and stability in disease-infected environments. According to the results of the Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI), genotypes Gen-4, Gen-1, Gen-2, and Gen-11 were identified as stable genotypes under rhizomania-infected conditions. By applying different stability measurement methods, in addition to identifying the genotypes’ adaptation to different environments, accurate decisions for future breeding or cultivar registration can be achieved.