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Aim: Caesarean section is dramatically increasing across the world. Pregnant women have an increasing tendency for caesarean section without acceptable medical indications. In general, 50 to 60% of childbirths in Iran are cesarean section. Despite the high complications of cesarean section, they are not caused by medical problems. Therefore, the current survey aims to screen the effect of education on choosing delivery mode based on BASNEF model.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was done on 160 nulliparous women in the third trimester of pregnancy who were assigned randomly to the intervention (80 subjects) and control (80 samples) groups. A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized to collect the required data. Education and its content were developed according to the BASNEF model and the pregnant women's educational requirements. Numerous education methods were implemented in all target groups of intervention including pregnant women, their family and the health staffs. To analyze the data, paired and McNemar tests through SPSS version 18 were utilized. Significant level was also considered <0.05.
Findings: The majority of women were in the age range of 24-20 years. Only 1.2% of the women were illiterate in both groups. Knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms and intention were significantly different between the two arms before and 2 months after the intervention (p=0.001) except for intention. In addition, in the intervention group, they get information significantly from friends, families, printed materials, educational films, educational sessions in the Health Centers, and the health personnel after the intervention (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Designing educational programs about delivery mode based on BASNEF model appeared to be beneficial due to the model‟s emphasis on subjective norms and enabling factors; therefore, educational programs based on change behavior model can notably decrease the unnecessary cesarean section in the country.

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Background: Urinary tract infections are considered as a major health concern. Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections. The presence of qnr plasmid genes in bacteria is the main cause of resistance to quinolones. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern and prevalence of qnrB gene in E. coli strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, samples were taken from patients with urinary tract infections, referred to Kermanshah hospitals during the spring of 2017. E. coli strains were identified by biochemical tests. Then antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for the isolates by the disc diffusion method. Following that, qnrB resistance gene was detected by PCR; finally, data were analyzed by SPSS software Ver. 23.
Findings: In this study, 105 E. coli strains were isolated from urine specimens. The strains resistance rate to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin antibiotics was 62.85, 38.09, and 33.33%, respectively. PCR results showed that 67 strains (63.8%) had qnrB gene, and 38 strains (36.19%) lacked this gene. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the presence of qnrB gene and nalidixic resistance.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that the frequency of qnrB gene among the E. coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections is fairly high in Kermanshah. Therefore, it is necessary to do further investigates using molecular techniques and to take serious preventive measures.

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Macroeconomic policy makers and planners always use different tools to achieve economic goals. Credit control is one of these tools. The boom and recession of the financial sector of the economy are called the credit cycle, and of the real sector is called the business cycle. Credit as a complementary input for capital, intermediate goods, and primitive materials can be effective in improving business cycles. This study, by employing Structural Vector Auto Regressive (SVAR) model and using the annual data of Iran during 1973 to 2016, investigates the relationship between credit cycles and business cycles in Iranian economy. The results show that credit cycle has positive effect on business cycle, but business cycle has negative effect on credit cycle. Credit cycle fluctuations have the largest share in explaining the business cycle fluctuations, but business cycle ranks the fourth in explaining the credit cycle fluctuations following own variable, inflation rate and consumption shocks. The investigation of the co-movement between the credit cycle and the business cycle also show that the effect of the credit cycle on the business cycle is revealed from the second period and there is 24 years of co-movement between these cycles. Also, the persistence of the co-movement between these cycles in expansion - improvement phases has causes severe financial crises in the Iranian economy in the long run.