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Todays, Entrepreneurship is considered as the Economic Development engine and all countries attempt to develop it in their countries. With respect to the high importance of entrepreneurship and the necessity of its development in our country, this research is aimed to study and design the organizational structure of entrepreneurship in Iran. In this research, using the comparative studies of sucessful entrepreneurship centers and with considering the theorical fundaments of designing organizational structure and local and reginal conditions of I. R. Iran, the appropriate organizational structure of entrepreneurship centers has been designed.

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The World in the 21th century is filled with competition, development of new arising markets, uncertain environmental factors, wide use of high technology and the expansion of trade. Successful achievement in this World requires to use opportunities efficiently and remove challenging obstacles. This requires to know the internal and external environments and stay in this competitive World by designing an effective strategy. This paper aims to design and formulate organizational and functional strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Customs (IRIC). To this end, strategic factors are first identified in the internal and external environments and then a questionnaire is designed to collect information. Using a sample of custom’s senior and middle managers and experts, the questionnaire is screened by Delphi method. Based on the internal and external Factors, a matrix is calculated. Moreover, based on the strategic factors, guidelines, suggestions and requirements of the World Customs Organizational (WCO), the fourth Iranian development plan and the World Trade Organization (WTO), the mission, Vision and objectives of the IRIC are formulated. Then the internal and external matrixex, the strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities and threats (SWOT) matrix are analyzed by using the strategic factors and the results of the internal and external evaluation matrixes. In addition, the quantitative strategic planning is proposed and the IRIC’S strategies are prioritized. Finally, the IRIC’s organizational strategy are designed.

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In this research, five entrepreneurship characteristics consisted of achievement need, independent need; risk taking, creativity and determination, for the assess went of entrepreneurship profile of mazandaran university's students were measured. According to the results of the survey, of the 1843 students of this university, about 21 percent have entrepreneurship characteristics. Total mean score of the students with entrepreneurship characteristics was equal to 39.67, but the total mean score of un-entrepreneur students group was 29.89.In general, total mean score of the students was 31.92.There was a significant difference between this and the minimum of the acceptable mean (=37). On the other hand, determination trait (with the mean of 7.8) in comparison with other characteristics was more observed among the students of this university. The scores of achievement need, independent need, risk taking and creativity of students were a little different with the minimum of the acceptable mean of these characteristics.

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Attaining wellbeing and promoting standards of citizen's life is one of the pillars of national security of countries since a long time ago, and success of governments in achieving this goal is interpreted as one of their power elements, in a manner that guarantee of social member’s survival and achieving good and happy life is counted among major mission of governments. In present research, besides review of present literature about wellbeing, promoting national wellbeing is considered from perspective of improvement of public service qualities and good governance. Research methodology includes both descriptive and correlation analysis based on Structural Equation Modeling. Data was collected by means of documents and libraries studies. Research results indicated that improvement of good governance components result in national wellbeing promotion. Meanwhile, promoting good governance pave the way of wellbeing promotion in quantities direction such as gross domestic product, education, research, health and … and qualitative directions such as happiness. In other words, promoting good governance has dual objectives such as improvement of quantitative indexes like national product and growth of qualitative indexes such as decrease of social costs of economic growth, safeguarding resources for futur and stability of growth.

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  ,       Today, organizations have come to seek current customers and also maintain a permanent relationship with them in addition to developing strategies to attract new customers and trading with them. In other words, they have found that losing a customer is more than losing a sell and it means losing the whole sell opportunities that a customer could make in his lifetime. Since losing a customer in the trade market is equal to lose an important part of the organization asset, developing close and deep relation with the customers creates great value for the organizations. Organizations should reinforce their relations with their customers actively and try to end their relations with non-profitable customers. In this study, “customer profitability for organization” is considered as a new concept. The purpose of this research is to design customer profitability model for organizations and consider the factors affecting on customer profitability in Iranian companies. For this purpose, after reviewing the theoretical foundations in this field, we will identify the factors affecting on customer profitability for organizations, and provide the appropriate conceptual model to measure and confirm these relations. Then we will collect data through questionnaires, analysis and ultimately ntroduce customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (repurchase intention, and recommendation) as two factors that affect on customer profitanility, using the research results.    * Corresponding Author’s E-mail: khodadad@modares.ac.ir .

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Reviews have revealed that commercialization of science and technology in humanities has not had proper growth despite close relationship between economic development and development of financial sector. Therefore; lack of literature on commercialization in services point this study toward identifying commercialization processes of financial services. Research methodology in this study was qualitative and by using Triangulation. To identify basic concepts and commercialization phases, library research and semi-structured interviews with academic experts and industry specialists were used. Moreover, semi-structured questionnaires with an open-ended item were employed to sort the phases and extract the commercialization model. To analyze data at the first and the second phases; a combination of structural analysis and interpretation as well as the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) were applied, respectively. Findings at the first phase included twelve steps: business strategies formulation, service ideas generation, screening, business analysis,  project authorization, multi-tasking team formation, design of services and processes, design of service delivery system,  sales and customer network training and empowering, pilot launch, full-scale launch, and service performance evaluation and improvement. The second phase also contained the prescription of the commercialization process model of innovative financial services in financial markets.