Showing 13 results for Korani
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The issue of polysemy has been considered within cognitive approach by Iranian linguists in recent years. That’s because the authors have analyzed the simple form of the verb /čijən/ (i.e., going) in kalhori /kermanshaian Kurdish based on principled–polysemy approach proposed by Evans & Green in 2006. In this qualitative study, the data were collected through Kurdish speakers’ daily conversation and analyzed based on the mentioned approach in a descriptive-analytic way. Also, the authors used Kurdish speakers and their own linguistic intuition to approve the authenticity of the data. The results showed that the prototypical meaning of this verb was “GO” that has forty-five distinct meanings, such as “travel”, “drive”, “migrate”, “flow”, “set”, “finish”, “charge”, “send'', etc. in its own semantic clusters including six distinct semantic clusters. Finally, these forty-five distinct meanings along with their six semantic clusters were illustrated in a semantic network. Also, the findings showed that a favorable explanation of the polysemy of this verb in Kalhori Kurdish can be obtained based on the mentioned approach. The polysemy representation of this verb in Kalhori Kurdish can be useful for a better understanding of the polysemy of other verbs in Kurdish.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
In cognitive semantics, a polysemous word constitutes a semantic concept, and the various meanings of that word assign themselves to radial network members of that concept. Accordingly, this study investigates the polysemy of the prefix "/pas-/" based on a cognitive semantic approach. The nature of this qualitative research is descriptive-analytical, and data have been extracted from Persian-language resources, namely Dehkhoda Dictionary (1994), Moein Dictionary (2003), and Amid Dictionary (2010), using a library research method. In this study, the two criteria of Tylor and Evans (2003), namely the prototypical fixed meaning or historically evidenced meaning and salience and prominence in the semantic network, have been employed to determine the primary or prototype meaning of Persian language prefixes. The authors aim to demonstrate that the prefix "/pas-/" is a polysemous prefix with a spectrum of lexical functions. This prefix, given its usage in Persian, has different semantic clusters such as "after, before, in front, back, and behind," which have expanded from a prototype or primary meaning. The findings indicated that the prefix "/pas-/" attaches to diverse textual foundations and generates newly derived words such as "pas-farda (the day after tomorrow), pas-pariirooz (the day before yesterday), pas-andaz (savings), pas-larze (aftershock)," and the like. It is observed that the prefix "/pas-/" possesses an extensive radial network due to the combination of this prefix with various verbs.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive functions on verbal fluency. For this purpose, some cognitive functions and verbal fluency in adult patients with right hemisphere damage were evaluated. The methodological nature of this study is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study consists of 18 adult patients with right hemisphere damage and 18 healthy adults. Selective attention test, memory test, clock drawing test (visual neglect) and verbal fluency test were used to evaluate cognitive functions and linguistic skill of the subjects. Research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between performance of adult patients with right hemisphere damage and healthy adults in the cognitive tests (P< 0.05). Likewise, in the verbal fluency test, there is a significant difference between performance of adult patients with right hemisphere damage and healthy adults (P< 0.05). In addition, the research findings showed that there is a correlation between cognitive functions and verbal fluency. Also, the results showed that damage to the right hemisphere of brain can lead to disorders in cognitive functions of patients with right hemisphere damage. Furthermore, it seems that impairment in cognitive functions can cause problems in language skills.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (Summer 2019)
Abstract
Aims: Mycoplasma synoviae, as one of the main pathogens of birds, causes a lot of economic losses to the poultry industry. This study aimed to identify M. synoviae strains in clinical samples by PCR and culture methods.
Materials & Methods: A total of 135 samples were randomly collected from the respiratory tracts of female broilers in industrial poultry farms in Kerman, Iran during the first six months of 2016. Samples were cultured on Frey and PPLO broth media. Then PCR method was performed to identify Mycoplasma genus and synoviae species. Finally, multiplex PCR was performed to determine the prevalence of P1, P30, and P116 virulence genes.
Findings: In this study, 17 (32%) out of 53 poultry samples were positive for the presence of Mycoplasma genus by culture method, whereas according to the PCR results, 25 (47%) out of 53 samples were confirmed as Mycoplasma genus, among which 13 samples (25%) were identified as M. synoviae species. Among the strains confirmed as M. synoviae, the prevalence rate of P1, P30, and P116 genes was 7 (53.8%), 6 46.1%), and 5 (38.46%), respectively.
Conclusion: According to the PCR and culture methods results, the prevalence of M. synoviae strains was high in industrial poultry farms, Kerman, Iran. The PCR results revealed a higher prevalence rate for this bacterium, suggesting that this method may be more reliable than culture method.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (No. 2 (Tome 44), (Articles in Persian) 2018)
Abstract
Error is a common and yet predictable phenomenon in the process of learning a second language. Traditionally, errors were seen as obstacles in learning a second language. So they should be avoided, but today errors are regarded as important factors in learning a second language. Language interferences are a category of errors that are the result of transferring a native’s language knowledge to the target language. Language transfer may occur in two ways: positive and negative transfer. Positive transfer occurs when there are similarities between source language and target languages. This transfer will help learning a second language. Negative transfer occurs in cases where there are differences between first and second languages and they cause language interferences.
The present research, within the framework of "error analysis" based on Brown (2007) classification of errors, is intended to analyze the syntactic errors that result from the interference between Kalhori Kurdish and Persian in the speech of Kalhori natives. So, among speech errors, syntactic errors, and among them the errors caused by the interference between first language and second language were analyzed. The approach of this study is integrated (quantitative/qualitative). The sample included 170 bilingual Kalhori males and females living in Kermanshah. They were selected via voluntary sampling method. Interviews were held in the presence of interviewees to collect data, during which participants were asked to speak about a memory in Persian. The results of the study showed that errors from the most frequent to the least frequent were of components of compound verbs, prepositions, order of components in a sentence, “ra”, incorrect verb, using redundant “je”, conjunction and incorrect pronoun. The reason for the occurrence of language interference in the speech of Kalhori natives is that in the mind of language learners, Kurdish language system is completely formed as the first language. According to the transfer theory, the reason for the existence of interlingual errors is the existence of this mental system. At the beginning of learning Persian as a second language, the language learner relies in many cases on his first language. Thus, using first language structure leads to the interference of structures.
The results of the present study can help to present some pedagogical guidelines for teachers, syllabus designers, test constructors and language learners to decrease problems of learning Persian. So if a teacher becomes aware of linguistic findings, such as error analysis, he can figure out why learning is not happening. In addition to that identifying errors helps teachers to evaluate the progress of their students and they become aware of the points they should put more emphasis. Also, the results of this study can help syllabus designers to design books for bilingual students. Since the purpose of the tests is to evaluate students' knowledge, test constructors, with knowledge of the errors recognize where students have difficulty with. In this way, the reason for the problems of bilingual students is not just their lack of attention to the lessons. Learners themselves can make their assumptions about language through their errors and identify and resolve their linguistic problem.
Volume 13, Issue 1 (9-2021)
Abstract
The nature of national identity in any society depends on the dimensions of the constructor and its status, and consequently the nature of the constructive dimension and its status will bring different results in different societies. In the present study, the relationship between historical awareness and national identity of citizens in Kermanshah, in a sample of 384 people aged 18 and over has been studied. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between historical awareness and national identity of citizens (a case study of Kermanshah). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through formal validity and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Most variables had an alpha level above 0.75, which indicates the high power of the measuring instrument. SPSS statistical software and inferential statistical techniques such as Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the data. Findings show that between historical awareness and total national identity (r = 0.445), national identity in the social dimension (r = 0.104), in the political dimension (r = 0.583), in the geographical dimension (0.432) R = 0) and there is a positive and significant relationship in the cultural dimension (r = 0.260). In addition, the results of multivariate regression also indicate that the effect of historical awareness is in the political dimension (Beta = 0.555), geographical dimension (Beta = 0.141) and social dimension (Beta = 0.101). These three components of historical consciousness were able to explain and predict about 40% of the conceptual space of the dependent variable of national identity. Accordingly, it can be said that involving citizens in the political and cultural decisions of the country, expanding the supply of information to familiarize people with the historical, social and political aspects of life can promote a common sense of solidarity and national identity.
Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Until the end of the Qajar period, the educational system was more in line with the traditional system. No significant steps were taken in the field of education.
Applying modern education in Iranian society made a fundamental change in the field of teaching and training, during which new-style schools were built in various regions.
Due to the predominant nomadic and rural texture in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari region, the government faced with serious challenges to implement the modern education system. Accordingly, local Khans and headmen of villages, as influencers in Bakhtiari society, had important impacts on the education by relying on their socio-political positions.
This research follows a descriptive-analytical method based on documents and library studies.
It will address the question of what role the local Khans and headmen of villages played in establishing new schools in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari region and what challenges they faced in this direction.
The findings of the research show that Bakhtiari Khans were influenced by society. They encouraged their children to have higher education; In order to increase the level of literacy, they set up schools even at their own expense.
The local headmen of villages, who mediated between the government and the people, also played an influential role in the construction, reconstruction, and financing schools.
Volume 16, Issue 11 (1-2017)
Abstract
The present study probes the nonlinear free vibrations of viscoelastic polymeric composite plate reinforced by carbon nanotubes. For this purpose, Kelvin-Voigt model is utilized. Moreover, the equations of motion are extracted by the Hamilton principle and taking into account Von Karman nonlinearity. In order to solve and analyze nonlinear free vibrations, the researchers utilized multiple scales method. Thanks to this method, the normal nonlinear frequencies of the system were obtained, and as well, the impact of various factors such as dampness coefficient, material viscosity and carbon nanotubes volume fraction were investigated. Besides, the thickness-dimension ratio of the plate and its impact on the normal frequency was also studied. The findings of the study highlighted that an increase in the ratio of plate’s thickness to its length causes an increase in the normal nonlinear frequency of the plate. Additionally, as the volume fraction of the carbon nanotubes increases, system’s normal nonlinear frequency increases as well. Finally, the impact of different distribution of carbon nanotubes on the normal nonlinear frequency and system’s time response was also probed. As it could be vividly observed, nonlinear frequency for FGO distribution was reported to be further than uniform distribution, but the trend was in reverse for FGX distribution.
Volume 16, Issue 86 (4-2019)
Abstract
Synthetic colors are additives which can affect the health and safety of food directly. As a result of the increase of synthetic dyes usage in industry and harmful effects of excessive consumption of synthetic colors on human health, we have attempted to propose a valid method by the simplest laboratory equipment for control dose of synthetic colors in foods. In this study, we have selected ice products as the real sample because of its simple matrix. Here, we have attempted to the determination of all allowed synthetic colors in ice samples as individual and mixtures of them (yellow-red, yellow-blue and red-blue) in one run simultaneously. All validation parameters of the method were calculated for each color and compared with international standards. Obtained results are in accordance with international standards and confirm that this method has a good potential to apply as a valid laboratory method not only for qualitative but also the measurement of synthetic colors in food.
Volume 17, Issue 3 (Autumn 2017 2017)
Abstract
The labor income share is constant under the assumptions of a Cobb-Douglas production function and perfect competition. This paper modifies these assumptions, and investigates how to behave actually dynamic the labor income share within the Iranian manufacturing industries through estimating the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor and the price markup. This paper estimates such elasticity by using of a CES production function under perfect and imperfect competition in the product market. The degree of imperfect competition is measured following the Rojer approach. This dynamism in labor income share is explained by (1) a non-unitary elasticity of substitution between capital and labor; and (2) non-perfect competition in the product market. The results show that the elasticity of substitution is 0.75 under perfect competition without price markup, but it is 0.65 under imperfect competition with price markup. These mean that the elasticity of substitution decreases due to the presence of the price markup in imperfect competition regime, while labor income share increases highly by increase in capital intensity.
Volume 17, Issue 100 (june 2020)
Abstract
In this study, we try to evaluate the effect of ionic strength, pH and temperature of washing solutions on nitrate percentage in many leafy and root vegetable. For this purpose three edible solutions including NaCl as high ionic strength solution, baking soda (NaHCO3) as basic solution and vinegar as acidic solution selected as nitrate losing agents for leafy vegetables (mint, basil, savory, tarragon, parsley, coriander, cress, radish and chives) and the effect of temperature evaluated using warm water (70 -100 ˚C) on nitrate percentage in root vegetables (potato and onion). Nitrate percentage in vegetables changed with different patterns. High ionic strength increased leafy vegetable nitrate percentage in wide rang (20.25 - 85 %(w/w)), pH increasing by baking soda solution increased nitrate percentage of group 1(Mint & Basil) leafy vegetables (33 %(w/w)) and decreased it in other groups partially (0.22 - 6.2 %(w/w)). However, pH decreasing by vinegar solution decreased nitrate percentage in all cases (14.6 - 41 %(w/w)). Optimum concentration of vinegar solution and treatment time in this solution, for maximum nitrate losing were 20 % (w/w) and 10 minutes, respectively. In the second part of this study, effect of solution temperature on nitrate percentage of root vegetables (potato and onion) was evaluated. Results show by this pretreatment nitrate percentage decreased 68.6 %(w/w) about potato and 26.6% (w/w) about onion. The important advantage of this study is vegetables nitrate percentage decrease, while the freshness and safety of these products preserved.
Volume 18, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
In today’s dynamic and competitive markets, industries and services require the methods, which can overcome the environmental challenges, and provide non-wasting production and services to the customers. Such tools can be achieved through pure production method. Therefore, by studying the literature review of pure production models in the supply chain, 14 major identification factors were identified in the form of a questionnaire presented to the experts and managers of automobile industry supply chain in order to specify the relationship and sequence of these factors through ISM method, and then confirm using path analysis technique. In this regard, these factors were located at five levels. The first level includes wasting and contentment of client; the second level is related to source control and continuous improvement; the third one involves the structure of material flow, supplying development and selection; the fourth level consists of educating and empowering, contacting with client and supplier and information flow structure; and the fifth level includes management behavior, methods and staffskills. The order of factors has helped the managers that if they implement these factors for the improvement of production methods and approaching to a pure production, from which factor they would initiate.
Volume 18, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
One of the organizations’ fundamental issues is supply chain network design. Optimization of this network can lead to effective management of the whole supply chain. Network design specifies the position, capacity, number and type of network facilities, and transportation network of materials and products from the supplier to the customer and vice versa. This research proposes new solution procedure based on Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic algorithm-II (NSGAII) to find the set of Pareto optimal solutions that empowers the decision-makers by alternative solutions. Considering that in this study the level of service is very important, so this modeling was based on satisfying all customer demands. Objectives for network optimization are minimization of total cost and maximization of capacity utilization balance for network facilities that lead to the reduction of customers’ service time (increase service levels). Nine problems were designed from small to large. In order to compare the quality of the obtained Pareto solutions of both algorithms, seven criteria (for multi-objective problems) were used in this study. The results indicated that the solutions produced by NSGAII algorithm have higher quality.
