Volume 19, Issue 2 (3-2017)
Abstract
Thegenus Achillea is one of the most important medicinal plants in the Asteraceae family. Nineteen species of this genus have been described in the Flora Iranica, of which Achillea aucheri Boiss is an endemic species to Iran. Given the effect of geographic location on the quality and yield of essential oil, we performed an investigation to determine oil contents of A. aucheri growing at different altitudes of Mount Damavand and analyzed its components. Essential oil was extracted with hydro-distillation method and nearly 96.20% of oil components were identified using GC and GC/MS, on average. These components included isopulegol (16.39%), yomogi alcohol (10.92%), (Z)-ß-ocimene (9.84%), camphor (5.65%), 1,8-cineole (4.98%), linalool (4.81%), γ-terpinolene (3.66%), α-fenchene (3.60%), camphene (3.20%), α-pinene (3.15%), α-terpineol (2.71%), nerolidol (2.54%), chamazulene (1.74%) and α-thujone (1.67%), with 34 other components. In general, essential oil composition of A. aucheri was influenced by climatic condition prevailing at different altitudes. By increasing altitude, constituent of α-thujone, a harmful compound for human body, decreased in its value. Moreover, going from 3,900 to 4,300 m altitude, the valuable constituent of chamazulene increased more than 10 times.
Volume 19, Issue 127 (September 2022)
Abstract
One of the major challenges in application of medicinal plants is to improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive materials. Therefore, the study of factors affecting the extraction of these materials is one of the important attractive subject for researchers. Lemon verbena due to the presence of high active substances in its leaves and nutritional properties has always been noticed by researchers of medicinal and aromatic plants. In this study, the effect of solvent type, extraction temperature, extraction time and solid to solvent on the extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds, flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity of plant leaves under ultrasonic waves was investigated based on designed experiments using response surface methodology (RSM). Our result showed that the extraction temperature and solid to solvent ratio are two effective extraction variables on bioactive compounds extraction of lemon verbena leaves under ultrasonic waves. Also our results showed that aqueous- alcoholic extract has a higher efficiency for extraction of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and trapping free radicals when compared with pure water. The antibacterial properties of aqueous-alcoholic extract showed a significant difference compared to pure aqueous extract. The susceptibility of Escherichia coli to both aqueous-alcoholic extracts and aqueous extracts was higher than that of Staphylococcus aureus.
Volume 30, Issue 3 (Fall 2024)
Abstract
One of the important issues in contemporary society is women’s rights and establishing equality between human beings. Like men, women desire to be benefited from their rights. Parts of human rights are stipulated in Quran. Arabic language and language of Quran are gender sensitive languages and masculine conjugation is dominant in words and lexicon because in Arabic literature, masculine and feminine encompass all over the universe ranging from the Highest of the existence that is God to the lowest of them like the solid bodies, plants and animals etc. In this research, the Islamic scholars thought were reviewed in relation to word and meaning in the Quranic text. They believe that there is a distance between word and meaning, and meaning has priority over structure and form and it is prevalent. The research result showed. and the elements of language are inherently unrelated to gender and cannot be marked with male and female or masculine and feminine characteristic. Therefore, the gendered nature of Arabic has not overshadowed Quranic teachings, and gender in the surface of the vocabulary and word in the text, by no means were meant by the owner of the revelation and Quran has an equal interaction with both genders. Then, using descriptive-analytical research method, the attempt is made to discuss human rights with gendered approach in four domains of life cycle, belief identity, need for security and adornment, so that the we could examine gender equality in Quran between two genders.
