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In second language didactics, language learning strategies have been identified for numerous languages, and factors such as age, gender, motivation, intelligence, as well as the level of language skills for utilizing these strategies have been analyzed. However, in Persian didactics as a second language, no such research has been conducted yet. Therefore, in order to analysis the relationship between nationality and application of strategies among foreign Persian learners, the present research was conducted based on Oxford's (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning. Both inferential statistics and statistical tests showed that on average, the use of language learning strategies among different nationalities is quite similar with negligible variances. Whereas, descriptive statistics showed that the order of priorities of Persian learners of different nationalities is dissimilar. In addition, the results of this research suggest that Persian learners of different nationalities generally use cognitive and social strategies more so than other strategies.

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Learning strategies are amongst the tools that learners use to learn languages. In other words, learning strategies are widely introduced as techniques or methods that students often use to improve their learning skills in second language. Despite the importance of strategies and their role in accelerating and effective learning, few researches have been conducted on the impact of strategies on the success of learners in learning language skills. Also no reliable research has been done so far to study the effect of strategies on the success of non-Iranian Persian speakers. Therefore, due to the impact of using strategies on learning language skills, this study examines the impact of memory, cognitive and compensation strategies on the success of Persian language learners in writing skill. To this end, the following questions were raised:

1. Is there a significant relationship between using memory strategies and the success of non-Iranian Arabic language learners in writing skills?
2. Is there a significant relationship between using cognitive strategies and the success of non-Iranian Arabic learners in writing skills?
3. Is there a significant relationship between using compensation strategies and the success of non-Iranian Arabic learners in writing skills?
4. Is there a relation between applying total direct strategies (cognitive and compensation strategies) and the success of non-Iranian Arabic learners in writing skills?
5. Is the contribution of using each of the direct strategies the same in predicting the success of non-Iranian Arabic-speaking learners in writing skills?

According to the above questions, the following hypotheses are considered:

• Hypothesis 1: There is a significant relationship between using memory strategies and the success of non-Iranian Arabic language learners in writing skills.
• Hypothesis 2: There is a significant relationship between using cognitive strategies and the success of non-Iranian Arabic language learners in writing skills.
• Hypothesis 3: There is a significant relationship between using compensation strategies and the success of non-Iranian Arabic language learners in writing skills.
• Hypothesis 4: There is a relation between applying total direct strategies (cognitive   compensation strategies) and the success of non-Iranian Arabic learners in writing skills.
• Hypothesis 5: The contribution of using each of the direct strategies is different in predicting the success of non-Iranian Arabic-speaking learners in writing skills.

The sample of this study consists of 42 non-Iranian Arabic-speaking Persian learners (men and women) who were in age range of 18-20 years old. These learners were learning Persian language in advanced level in the fall semester 2016. Oxford Language Learning Strategies Questionnaire (1990) is used to measure application of strategies, and the students' scores in the course of writing were used to determine the relationship between language learning strategies use and Persian learners' success in writing skill. The analysis of the hypotheses was done using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression and the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the use of memory strategies with success in writing skill. In addition, according to the results of correlation coefficient, there is also a significant positive correlation between the use of compensation strategy and success in writing skills. This is despite the fact that according to the findings, there is not a significant relationship between the use of cognitive strategies and learners success in writing.  Regression analysis also indicated that among direct learning strategies, two types of memory and compensation strategies, causes success of Persian learners in is writing skill. And among these strategies, compensation strategies are more effective than memory strategies on success of Persian learners. Finally suggestions for teaching strategies in the classroom were presented.
 

 

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integrative and instrumental motivation as well as Ideal self and Ought-to self on the motivation and success of language learners, the present study has investigated these issues among the learners in Persian language. For this purpose, 20 Korean and Chinese students (10 Chinese and 10 Korean students) were selected from the Persian language teaching center of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Thus, the statistical sample of the study consisted of 20 Persian-Chinese students and Korean men and women (8 men and 12 women) who were in the age group of 18 to 30 years and in the academic year 2016-2017.
It is also worth mentioning that these Persian students have reached an advanced stage in this center, from the introductory course of Persian language. The Farsi students responded to a 36-item questionnaire based on the Dornyei Motivational Questionnaire (2010). Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. six hypotheses were proposed and we used statistical tests to examine the hypotheses. First, the normality of the research variables was examined and the results showed that these variables have a normal distribution. Therefore, as mentioned, in the next step, we examined the research hypotheses. The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between Ought-to selves of Korean learners and Chinese or Japanese tutors. However, there is no meaningful difference between Ought-to selves of Japanese and Chinese learners. There was a significant difference between Korean, Chinese and Japanese Ideal selves. In addition, there was no significant difference between the Chinese, Korean, and Japanese learners’ promotional instrumental motivations. While there was a significant difference between preventive instrumental motivation of Japanese learners and Chinese or Korean ones. And there was no significant difference between Chinese and Korean. The results of the research suggest that there is a significant difference between integrative motivation of the Chinese, Korean and Japanese learners. There was no meaningful relationship between integrative motivation of Chinese, Korean and Japanese students and their Ideal selves. There was a significant negative correlation between ought-to self and preventive instrumental motivating of Korean students, while there was no significant relationship between these two variables in Japanese and Chinese students.
In addition, a comparison of the meanings of all four motivational factors in these two groups of Persian-learners showed that, in general, in these two groups of Persian-learners, the Preventing Instrumental motivation was with the highest average, and the Ought-to self motivation has the lowest average. Also, the comparison between the motivational factors of Ideal self and Ought-to self indicates that in these two groups of Persian-learners, the Ideal self factor is stronger than Ought-to self. Comparison between the motivational factors of integration and instrumentation also showed that the Preventing motivational factor is stronger than the integrative factor and the integrative factor is stronger than the promotional instrumental factor.
Finally, it should be noted that the present study focuses only on Chinese and Korean Persian learners; for this reason, it is suggested that in future studies, Persian learners of other languages be examined. In addition, it is suggested that other motivational factors related to second language learning regarding non-Iranian learners of Persian, be examined separately and compared with each other. In this case, how to teach and use educational resources can be planned according to the type of related motivation.
 
 

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There has been a growing interest in class-related motivational research since 1975, and many studies have been conducted on a variety of motivational models. The present study, on the base of Dornyei Motivational self-systems (2005) and the history of research related to the motivation for learning a second language such as Gardner (1985), Clement (1980), and Clement and Kruidenier (1985), Taguchi (2010) , Papi (2010) Magid (2011), examines 16 motivational along with the effect of gender, age, and student’s degrees variables on Persian language learning motivation among non-Persian students For this purpose, 300 non-native Persian learners (women and men of different nationalities and educational levels) aged between 18 and 50 from the Persian language teaching centers of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Imam Khomeini International University in Qazvin , and Tehran University of Medical Sciences, responded to a questionnaire with 16 factors(92 items). Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated and verified using PPL software. The results of the study showed that all 16 proposed components had a significant effect on the learner's motivation. Also, the motivational factors, in terms of rank, do not have the same effect on the motivation of non-native Persian learners. In addition, the results showed that women and men differ in their motivational factors. It was also found that older age groups are more likely to be motivated than younger ones. There was a significant relationship between educational level and some motivational variables.