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Today, carbon dioxide emission is one of the concerns of all countries in the world, so in this paper, we examine the effect of export quality, energy efficiency, and economic complexity on CO2 emissions per capita during the period of 1990 to 2014 in emerging economies. For this purpose, first, energy efficiency is calculated using mathematical programming methods (DEA). Then, the effect of export quality, energy efficiency, and economic complexity on per capita carbon dioxide emissions in the panel of emerging economies is investigated using panel quantile regression. The energy efficiency results show that the average energy efficiency of the studied countries had been increasing from 1990 to 2014. The lowest efficiency score among the studied countries is related to China. The results of quantile regression indicate that the export quality and consumption per capita of fossil fuels have a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions per capita in all quantiles. The results also show that the coefficient increases by moving in the level of quantiles, so that, the highest effect coefficient of export quality on CO2 emission is related to the quantile 90th and about 0.874. Energy efficiency has a negative and significant effect in all quantiles except 90th, and the highest coefficient of influence (0.133) is related to quantile 10th. The increase in economic complexity increases the co2 emissions in all quantiles except 10th, and the highest coefficient (about 0.487) is related to quantile 90th. 

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This article tries to identify the common stability themes and factors in the poems of Shamlu and Darvish. For doing so, the poems of these poets were investigated in descriptive and analytical way. Comparative study of Shamlu and Darvish poems in the scope of stability poetry and explaining the common elements and analysis of the stability themes from content and linguistic perspective will be effective in analysis of the stability poetry in the world literature. In addition, this analysis helps us to identify these poets’ ideology and thoughts in detail. Therefore, the common elements of stability poetry in the world literature are recognized by broad research on the resistance literature of the nations. The poems of Mahmud Darvish and Ahmad Shamlu contain numerous common themes on resistance literature such as patriotism, confronting oppression and liberty and etc. The conditions of both poets have influenced their poetry and both of them have expressed their ideals ideologically because of tyranny and suffocation.

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Abstract The element free Galerkin (EFG) method, which is based on the moving least square (MLS) approximation, requires only nodal data and no element connectivity. These features make the method more flexible than the conventional FEM. Nevertheless, direct imposition of the essential boundary conditions in the EFG method is always difficult because the shape functions obtained from the MLS approximation do not have the Kronocker-delta property. A new method named "the complementary integral method" is proposed here to overcome this difficulty. The presented method is more consistent with the variational basis of the EFG method. Several numerical examples are used to illustrate the implementation and performance of the method. The numerical examples including the Poisson's equation and 2D static and dynamic elasticity problems show that the method converges fast with reasonably accurate result for both the unknown variables and its derivatives.

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Nowadays, computer simulations are becoming more and more important in performance investigation of thermal systems. In this article, radiator of cooling system of diesel engine of ER24PC locomotive is simulated. The radiator is composed of parallel and series arrangement of compact heat exchangers with offset strip fins. It also has two high and low temperature sections. Due to the complexity and compactness of heat transfer plates implemented in the radiator, the simulation is carried out in two steps. First, a relation for coolant-side and air-side heat transfer coefficient is correlated using computational fluid dynamics. Due to vortex shedding phenomenon in the staggered fin arrays, governing equations are solved transiently in two-dimensional space. Appropriate timestep for the transient solution is chosen according to time period of vortex shedding from the surface. In the second step, using the developed computational code, the overall thermal performance of the radiator is simulated as a heat exchanger. Consequently, temperature distribution inside the radiator and its thermal performance are studied. Amount of heat released from the radiator in different flow rates and temperatures of fluid flowing out of radiator are among the outputs of the developed code. Finally, thermal performance curve of radiator is obtained.

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Due to increasing the importance of natural antioxidants because of their positive effects on human health and enhancing preservation of food products, and on the other hand, some unexplained effects of synthetic antioxidants, using and replacing of natural antioxidants is considered widely nowadays. The purpose of this study was to identify the potentials of Ferulla Persica extract as a native and novel source of antioxidants and polyphenols. In this research, the optimization of extraction conditions from the leaf of Ferulla Persica was studied by response surface methodology (RSM) at 3 temperature levels (20, 40 and 60 °C), three time levels (2, 3 and 4 hours) and three levels of water to ethanol ratio (50, 75 and 100%). RSM was used to evaluate the effect of different optimization processes on extraction efficiency, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Based on the results of optimization, a second-order polynomial model was designed to optimize the extraction conditions as the best model. the optimum conditions of extraction were in the solvent ratio of 79.58% at 20 °C during 2 hours. In these conditions, the optimum point has yield of 17.61%, EC50 equal to 87.20 (μg/ml) and TPC of 140428.0 (mg GAE/g).

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Managers in developed countries are increasingly interested in outsourcing as a potential source of competitiveness and value creation. One of the most useful outsourcing activities in service sector is information system/technology outsourcing. This paper is trying to determine the ISP managers’ perceived risks and benefits of IT/IS outsourcing and also the rate of awareness about potential of IT/IS outsourcing. Design/methodology/approach - In order to achieve those aims, we first review the previous literature on this topic and later analyze the results of a survey carried out from 30 ISPs managers in Tehran using the structured interview method. Findings: According to the ISPs under analysis, the main advantage of IT outsourcing is reducing/controlling the general cost while the main risk is the excessive dependence on the provider. Nevertheless, some characteristics of the ISPs (e.g. their size and outsourcing level) can determine to some extent what risks and benefits are more relevant. Originality /value: The conclusions explains that total IT/IS outsourcing can turn out to be a very dangerous strategy, mainly due to the dependence it creates. However, it can enable the ISP managers to reduce and/or control the general cost of building a new IT/IS service. The paper investigates the advantages, risks and some dimensions of IT/IS outsourcing decisions in ISPs of Tehran which can potentially develop the services in-house. Therefore, the “make-or-buy” decision for managers of ISPs requires even more attention to these aspects of IT/IS outsourcing (advantages, risks and decision criteria) than other service companies.

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In this study, we developed a Joint Replenishment Problem (JRP) model; In addition, JRP was introduced through capacitated vehicle to send the parts. The model was developed as an Integer-non linear model. Cost function consists of the major ordering cost, the minor ordering cost and the holding cost. Previous studies had not considered transaction cost; therefore, we considered transaction cost, which depends on the number of different parts in the order. Demand for parts was considered as constant and the model was solved by using a genetic algorithm. For calculating variable, we developed the present algorithm in the literature. We solved the model for two conditions, with dispatch volume restriction and without dispatch volume restriction. The results showed that the dispatch volume increases both the cycle time and the total cost. The model was solved for one of the major manufacturers of SAPCO. We considered the problem with 12 strategic parts of this company. The model was investigated through the real data gathered from the SAPCO Company. Finally, for model validation, the results were compared with the traditional ordering system of SAPCO, in which the parts are ordered separately. It was shown that the proposed system has better performance than the traditional ordering system. Validation of Model was performed by the numerical example that has been solved in the literature. Keywords: Joint replenishment, Automotive parts, Genetic algorithm, Inventory.

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In this research, the effect of condensation process (evaporation) on bioactive compounds and qualitative characteristics of thin syrup and thick syrup during beet harvest was investigated. The phenolic and anthocyanin properties of the dilute syrup and the quality characteristics investigated were brix, purity and color of the solution. For this purpose, from the beginning of October to the end of January 2019, samples were taken for thin syrup from the last stage of the purification process and for thick syrup from the last stage of the concentration process, and all the chemical tests related to measuring the characteristics The qualitative data of this study was based on ICUMSA reference book. In dilute syrup, the amount of bioactive compound anthocyanin was constant during the time of beet harvest, there was a significant difference in the amount of total phenol in the first and fourth months, but there was a significant difference in the amount of protein in the first, third and fourth months. He didn't have either. The highest brix of dilute syrup was 13.14% in the first and second months, and its degree of purity increased from the beginning to the end of the harvest season. The highest color of dilute syrup solution was observed in the third and fourth months of harvesting. Thick syrup had the highest Brix (53% on average) in the first and second months, and this syrup had a high soluble color at the time of harvesting, except for the second month. The results of this research show the accuracy of the filtration and evaporation processes in order to remove as much impurities as possible in the raw syrup extracted from sugar beet.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the physicochemical properties and mineral substances of sugar. In this plan, the effect of exploitation time in the form of months (October, November, December and January) and days (1, 10, 20 and 30) of exploitation of each month on the characteristics of sugar such as solution color, pH, Brix and ash content It was analyzed with analysis of variance test using spss 26 software. The results showed that the color of the solution, Brix, sugar percentage and ash content were significant (p<0.05). The results of the analysis of the technological quality of beet pulp selected from 8 different regions by Betalyzer showed that the results of the three elements sodium, potassium and nitrogen show that the sugar beets of region H have the lowest amount of the mentioned elements and the sugar beet of region B has the highest amount of elements in They had the amount of millimol/100 grams of sugar beet pulp. On the other hand, the results of the amount of alkalinity, percentage of sugar or sucrose, extraction coefficient and molasses are among the results of the technological quality analysis of the samples of sugar beet pulp by Betalyzer, respectively 8.56 for the samples delivered from region A and 3.03 for the samples delivered from region H. In terms of sugar percentage and degree of extraction, region F has the highest amount compared to other regions, so that the percentage of sugar was 18.72 and the degree of extraction was 89.41, which is in contrast to the beets received from regions E, which have the lowest sugar percentage (13.7). percent) and extraction degree (84.47).
 

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Objective: Genetic studies point to the effective role of protein levels or expression of gluconeogenic genes in hepatic glucose release in healthy or diseased individuals. This study aimed to assess the effect of resistance training on PEPCK expression in hepatocytes in obese rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods: For this purpose, 21 rats obesed by 6 weeks high-fat diet (HFD) were randomly divided to 1) non-diabetic, 2) control T2D, 3) exercise T2D groups. Type 2 diabetes induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ: 25 mg/kg) in diabetes groups. The rat of exercise group were completed resistance training for six weeks (5 times weekly) in the form of climbing the ladder by applying resistance. The non-diabetic and control T2D groups did not participate in the exercise program. 48 hours after the lasting exercise session, PEPCK expression in hepatocytes, serum insulin and glucose were compared between groups. Data compared by One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (P< 0.05).
Results: T2D induction resulted in significant decrease in insulin and increase in fasting glucose and PEPCK expression in hepatocytes compare with non-diabetes rats. Resistance training resulted in significant increase in insulin and decrease in fasting glucose and PEPCK expression in hepatocytes of exercise T2D than control T2D group.
Conclusion: Based on these data, we conclude that resistance training can be improve glucose in diabetes rats and tis effect may be attributed decrease PEPCK expression in response to this training method.
 

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The stigma as one of the most important concepts of Erving Goffman in dramatic sociology that investigates the identity that arises with the creation of a gap between social identity (that arises in the interaction with other people) and the potential identity (with which individuals define themselves). Such people are not able to follow the common norms of society and as a result they are not accepted by others and a "stigma" is put on their forehead. In the novel Chicago by Alaa Al  Aswany, we are witnessed to the stigma attached to two main female characters, Shayma (Egyptian) and Carol (American). These two Eastern and Western women who are dealing with the stigma. With a descriptive-analytical method, this study tries to investigate the "Stigma" theory of Goffman and to analyze the action of each of the female protagonists against the stigma and find solutions for it. The results indicate that Shayma is facing the stigma of having an illicit relationship with her classmate and getting pregnant by him, and to get rid of it, she has an abortion. But Carol suffers from ethnic-racial stigma that has faced her with social rejection, she succumbs to other stigmas in order to get rid of it and achieve a desirable social status.