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Showing 20 results for Kamel


Volume 1, Issue 1 (NO. 1- 2011)
Abstract

One of the most important issues that organizations face is how to motivate employee to perform their roles well, thus ensuring that organization to retain its effectiveness. Indeed, specific set of employees' behaviors, discretionary ones that employees perform for organization that can significantly affect on organization’s success specifically. These behaviors are called organizational citizenship behaviors, defined as discretionary work behaviors that that have not been recognized directly or explicitly by the formal reward system, and in the aggregate, they promote the functioning of the organization. In this study has tried to investigate relationships between organization ethical values, organizational justice, organizational commitment, ethical behavior and organizational citizenship behaviors in Staff part employees of Payam Nour University (Tehran branch). In respect to purpose, this study is applied and in respect to doing method and data collection, is descriptive-analytic. LISREL and structural equation model were used for testing the hypotheses. The results of this study indicated that organization ethical values positively affects on procedural and distributive justice. Procedural and distributive justice positively affects on organizational commitment. Also organizational commitment positively affects on ethical behavior. Ethical behavior positively affect on sportsmanship and altruism dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviors.

Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2013)
Abstract

Usage of community architecture approach or different meaningful participation methods in architecture has been always a critical discussion among architects. There are many positive and negative points of this approach in architectural design especially after the World War II. Practical experience shows that the usage of participatory methods in housing design (cluster housing) is suitable to reach an environment according to human needs to improve sense of community and it emphasis on behavioral patterns of users. Assessing practical methods of participation in architecture shows a trend to use participation in housing design after 1960 (esp. Team X group). In the twentieth century the use of participatory methods that created responsible environmental for users can be recognized in three eras: 1. After world war II until civil rights movements of 1960 that some primary practice of participation can be seen. 2. 1970-1985: with theoretical discussion approach of architects and usage of theory in practice by some architects. 3. After 1985: definition of architect, user, client and other stakeholders in participatory design process and emphasis on behavioral patterns of user. Participatory approach in architecture of cluster housing has some benefits: • Development of architectural programming with community • Consider to concept of community in design process • A pattern language system to communicate with users • Architect is a facilitator not a target • Enhancing sense of community in user and architect • New tools and techniques of participation • User in all of design process So, participatory design process in cluster housing can effect on sense of belongings of neighbors and enhance sense of community of inhabitants.

Volume 4, Issue 3 (summer 2019)
Abstract

Aim: This study proposed to detect sensitivity of different electrophysiological techniques in early diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) compared to the standard technique as Median Sensory Latency. 
 Methods and Instrument: The present study included 70 hands (40 hands with clinical evidence of idiopathic CTS and 30 hands as control group). The following tests were done for both groups: 1- Sensory nerve conduction study: median nerve, ulnar nerve, median versus ulnar latency difference between second and fifth digits, median versus ulnar latency difference (ring finger)  2- Motor nerve conduction study: median nerve, ulnar nerve, median versus ulnar motor latency difference.
Findings: The most sensitive (92%) two tests were median-ulnar sensory latency difference recorded from second and fifth digits and median-ulnar sensory latency difference recorded from fourth digit, while median-ulnar motor latency difference and median motor latency showed lowest sensitivity  (61, 53%) respectively. 
Conclusion: Median-ulnar sensory latency difference recorded from digit two and digit five and that recorded from digit 4 have highest sensitivity for early detection of CTS.

 
Keywords:  Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Median Versus Ulnar Latency Differences; Nerve Conduction Study.

 

Volume 6, Issue 1 (7-2016)
Abstract

Neighborhoods and public buildings are required to comply with specific criteria from the perspective of passive defense to survive and to continue its activities in conditions of crisis. In order to achieve the criteria, the recognition of threats and the priority of local public buildings based on various items can be helpful. The priorities explain which the user is more sensitive, more vulnerable and in times of crisis can be useful. The aim of the research is the priorities of existing buildings in the neighborhood on the field of functional necessity, the application in crisis and the sensitivity of the enemy. In times of crisis, Cities and accommodation and activity centers as well as public buildings as centers of human and material capital are the target for the enemy and attack them causes great damage. Accordingly, the neighborhoods that form the cities and public buildings in there are always on top of the important purposes of attackers. So through this paper study the urban buildings in the neighborhood of three terms of the amount of applicability in crisis, the sensitivity of the enemy and the sphere of functional necessity. Delphi technique used in this study and the research population included all defense experts and architecture, of which 12 samples selected. In general, the concept and household of neighborhood can be defined as different aspects of social, psychological, mental, cognitive, architecture (physical) and politically. Regarding to the world literature, two words, township and neighborhood can translated as the concept of neighborhood. While included the populations of them, respectively, 2000 and 10000 and 15000 to 40000 people. The first word is residential neighborhood that has a distinct identity but the second word refers to an area that in addition to large size has a diverse career opportunities. In urban classification, neighborhood is the first category and then the region, district, city and beyond, the next field. This neighborhood has the necessary equipment, including schools, supermarkets and entertainment centers. Public buildings of neighborhood that used as the first area of urban buildings including banks, shopping centers, libraries, mosques and religious sites, indoor clubs, schools, small industrial sites, hospitals, clinics and laboratories, emergency centers, subway, bus terminals, car parks, restaurants, fire station, power station, gas station, water and security centers. The purpose of measuring the important urban centers whit this benchmark is to find places that have the most users at the time of the invasion of the city, also have more effects in comparison with other users. This priority known against those places that is not effective in crisis. Identification of such sites has the advantage of looking for lasting strategic locations and finding solutions to maintain the physic and performance of those sites. Also, identify the places that the enemy does not considered as important targets and remove them from the priority of places in order to secure. If the domain of passive defense extended by the presence of some vital services after enemy attack, then the activities and places that are essential will identify during the threats. Other places that are diagnosed unnecessary or less effective, have the potential to change the physic to new performance. Provided that the architectural design is flexible and meet the vital needs of the city. In this study, the Delphi technique performed for the Prioritization of public buildings in terms of passive defense in times of crisis. The first point in the Delphi panel is the way to choose its members so that usually invited 10 to 15 specialists is the best for participation in Delphi. Delphi panel members for this study selected for non-probable sampling and combination of purposive or judgmental and sequential methods of 12 patients. In this method, the panel members usually offer their opinions in numbers, then the average is calculated by agree and disagree panel members, subsequently this information notified to members to obtain new ideas. In the next step, each member offers new opinion or modifies his previous opinion based on information obtained from the previous stage. This process continues until an average number is stable enough. The questionnaire designed as for the proposed priorities. According to the results shown the average per any local user, calculate by priority on the amount of applicability of the crisis, the sensitivity of the enemy and the sphere of functional necessity. In this way, there is priority on the amount of applicability of the crisis, the sensitivity of the enemy and the sphere of functional necessity for every 10 local buildings. The result in neighborhood suggests that priority applications on the sensitivity of the enemy, the first priority attack in the enemy point of view according to the panel members are military statins, power stations, gas stations and water centers. Mosques and religious sites, clinics and health centers, subway, parking and fire stations are as second priority and the banks, shopping centers and nonprofit services, libraries, indoor clubs, schools, kindergarten and restaurants is considered worthless attack. The priority on the sphere of functional necessity, clinics and health centers, subway, fire stations, power stations, gas stations, water centers and military stations are necessary, parking is rather essential and restaurants, libraries, Mosques and religious sites, indoor clubs, schools and kindergarten are non-performance. Also in priority on necessity in crisis, banks are non-usable, parking, schools and kindergarten, indoor clubs, Mosques and religious sites and libraries have possibility of granting new performance (indirect use) and shopping centers and nonprofit services, clinics and health centers, subway, fire stations, power stations, gas stations, water centers and military stations are a direct function (Maintain existing performance). The results in the prioritization in public buildings in the neighborhood suggest that the use in the prioritization in public buildings the neighborhood includes 10 users and each user also contains one or two sub-user. The applications analyzed based on three priorities (the amount of applicability in crisis, the sensitivity of the enemy and the sphere of functional necessity). The priority applications on the sensitivity of the enemy, the first priority attack in the enemy point of view according to the panel members are military statins, power stations, gas stations and water centers. The priority on the sphere of functional necessity, clinics and health centers, subway, fire stations, power stations, gas stations, water centers and military stations are necessary. In priority on necessity in crisis, shopping centers and nonprofit services, clinics and health centers, subway, fire stations, power stations, gas stations, water centers and military stations are a direct function (Maintain existing performance). Designing complex subway station and mixing them with crisis management provides an opportunity to understand multi-functional of station spaces. This article seeks to reduce vulnerabilities in the analysis subway stations measures to be considered as temporary accommodation in an emergencies and provide a safe space research questions inclusive weather do you have ability to the performance is also, in addition to its roles as station for transport and cultural and commercial complex; in critical condition become to temporary housing? Or what factors effect on flexibility of architectural complex subway? We have very good station complex in our country. A station complex itself consists of several levels of services areas include entertainment and office. This type of sorting and spatial layout is designed based on the needs. But in this paper we discussed bout benefits of this wide space and advantages of all the facilities and equipment in emergencies. Developing countries, including Iran, in addition to being more prone to accidents and natural disasters than other communities, total human casualties and property damage in case of accident these communities are heavier. To prevent the occurrence, planning to rescue damaged area and temporary accommodation, all communities need new Disaster Management. In the present study we have tried through a multi-functional and flexible design, the central station with the highest integrity economic, social and environmental be prepared to deal with the sudden crises. Despite the unexpected event and the space subway stations is located in the basement created a good spaces for sheltering people affected.

Volume 6, Issue 3 (Summer 2024)
Abstract

Introduction
In simple terms, land-use planning means what form of development is placed in a region to achieve its primary goal in a long-term sustainable manner. Additionally, passive defense is one of the basic approaches that should be taken into consideration so that military centers have the lowest level of vulnerability during military attacks and wars.
Methodology
In this research, 18 parameters were identified and selected from the educational, research and operational resources of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran for the construction of military centers in Golestan province, and then the weight of each indicator was determined using the AHP approach in the form of an eigenvector. Then, the raw obtained data were converted into classified maps using GIS and after combining with the given eigenvalues, the final spatial zoning map was prepared based on the used passive defense parameters for the construction of military centers in this province. 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that in this province there are no very suitable and very unsuitable regions. Also, there are regions with the total area of 340.6 square kilometers in this province, which are suitable. Other regions of the province (98.33% of the total area of the province) either have medium desirability or have unsuitable conditions for building safe military centers due to their proximity to cities, inappropriate distance from faults, proximity to industrial centers and mines.
Conclusions
The central and western regions of the Golestan province, which comprise about one-third of the province's area, due to its proximity to cities, inappropriate distance from faults, proximity to industrial centers and mines are inappropriate for the construction of safe military centers. The rest of the province has a moderate location utility and the construction of military centers in these areas requires other indicators and components of military-security management.

Volume 6, Issue 4 (2-2017)
Abstract

Identifying the necessary infrastructures for an effective management of knowledge and making innovations in organizations are of the paramount importance. In previous investigations, infrastructures have been studied in isolation from other factors, but it has been tried in this research to survey and analyze the direct and indirect impact of the climate and organizational structure on innovation performance considering the mediation of knowledge management and social interaction, through a comprehensive model. Interaction in affecting leadership style & organizational climate on knowledge management also are reviewed. This study has been done using sample of 140 selling and marketing unit employers of the shuttle corporation in Tehran. This research is descriptive- survey and questionnaire used for data collection. Result showed that knowledge management and social reaction are not mediating. Effects of organizational structure on social interaction and organizational climate on knowledge management, social interaction on innovative performance are positive and meaningful, but other hypothesis were rejected.

Volume 8, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract

View on Scopus
The occurrence of Pauesia silana Tremblay, as an aphid parasitoid (Hym., Braconidae, Aphidiinae) in Tunisia is documented. The parasitoid was found in association with the Aleppo pine aphid, Cinara palaestinensis Hille Ris Lambers, infesting Pinus halepensis. Specimens were collected by the rearing of the mummified aphids from the colonies infested the pine trees in the Arboretum of the Institut Supérieur Agronomique Chott Mériem (ISA CM - Tunisia) during March–April 2021. A brief diagnosis is provided for the recorded parasitoid. This is the first record of a Pauesia species in Tunisia (out of the purposeful introduction of Pauesia antennata Mukerji). Two secondary parasitoids including Asaphes vulgaris Walker and Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché) (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) have also emerged from the mummified aphids. The known Cinara aphids and their associated parasitoids in the North African country are reviewed. Both Aleppo pine aphid and the newly detected parasitoid might be considered exotic species in North Africa, sourced from a recent accidental introduction inside the Mediterranean area, or a horizontal expansion across the North African countries.


Volume 9, Issue 2 (Spring 2023)
Abstract

Backgrounds: Several studies have elucidated vitamin D as an important immunomodulatory factor regulating immune responses to different viral infections and vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 25(OH) D serum levels on immune responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine.
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 134 healthy individuals aged 18-35 years, referring to health centers for HBV vaccination in Mane and Samalghan city in North Khorasan, Iran from June to September 2021. Demographic data were collected through a questionnaire. Serum 25(OH) D levels were analyzed using commercial sandwich ELISA kits. Anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBsAb) levels were determined in blood samples 4-6 weeks post-vaccination.
Findings: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among the participants was 46.3 was 34.3%, respectively. The level of 25(OH) D was insignificantly higher in women than in men. There was no significant association between serum 25(OH) D levels and participants' ethnicities and BMI ranges. Anti-HBsAb titer was significantly higher in participants with sufficient vitamin D levels compared to those with insufficient and deficient levels (1835 ± 252.55 vs. 1129 ± 120.7 and 1363 ± 0.125 ng/ml). Serum anti-HBsAb levels post HBV vaccination were significantly higher in women and younger individuals than in men and older individuals, respectively.  
Conclusion: This study findings suggest that participants with different serum vitamin D levels produce seroprotective antibody titers post HBV vaccination, while those with sufficient vitamin D levels may produce higher titers against HBV vaccine.
 

Volume 10, Issue 1 (Winter 2022)
Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of Benson's Relaxation Technique on psychological distress and sleep quality among older people during COVID 19 pandemic.
Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used. To achieve the aim of this study, 95 elders were recruited randomly as follows; 50 from the Geriatric social club in Zagazig City, 20 from El-Resala geriatric house in Zagazig City, and 25 from geriatric home in Met Ghamr City. Three tools were utilized for data collection, namely, the Interview questionnaire sheet, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales for measuring depression, anxiety as well as stress, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for measuring sleep quality. By SPSS 20.0 and using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square test, and Spearman correlation coefficient all data were analyzed.
Findings: More than three-quarters of the participants had chronic diseases. The majority had unsatisfactory knowledge about Benson's Relaxation Technique during the pre-intervention phase. Two-thirds of elders had severe depression levels; slightly less than two-thirds had severe anxiety, and about three-quarters had severe stress in the pre-intervention phase with a statistically significant reduction post-intervention phase. The majority had poor sleep quality (97.9%) in the pre-intervention phase, which decreased in the post-intervention phase to 50.5%.
Conclusion: This study concluded that Benson's Relaxation Technique has a great effect on psychological distress and sleep quality of elderly people. Gero-psychiatric nurses should encourage elderly people to apply BRT to the enhancement of their psychological well-being.
 

Volume 14, Issue 3 (2-2024)
Abstract

Every year, more than 600,000 tons of rice husk are produced in rice mills in Iran, which are left in nature without proper use or burned. But, with biotechnological methods, it is possible to convert these agricultural wastes into compost with high content of nitrogen and minerals. Accelerating the production of high quality organic fertilizer and reducing the process time requires determining and studying the factors affecting the composting process. In this research, rotten wood waste in the presence of whey was used as an inoculum and the process was studied for one hundred days. The results showed that the process of rice husk composting decreased the ratio of carbon to nitrogen from 161.2 to 21.1 and also increased the nitrogen content from 0.28 to 1.33 percent. By studying temperature changes during the process, it was determined that the degradation of easily biodegradable compounds at the beginning of the process caused an increase in the population of microorganisms and an increase in temperature, and as the process continued, the temperature of the composting environment gradually decreased. On the other hand, the results indicated that the addition of tree bark fertilizer does not affect the quality of the compost content, but it changed the color of the product. The results of the evaluation of the produced compost showed that adding 10 percent by weight of compost to the soil had a significant effect on the length and weight of cowpea.
 

Volume 15, Issue 8 (10-2015)
Abstract

In this paper the mixed convection and entropy generation in a square cavity filled with Al2O3-water nanofluid with the presence of a constant axial magnetic field, is analyzed. The upper and bottom walls are adiabatic. Discretization of the governing equations were achieved through a finite volume method and solved with SIMPLE algorithm. In this research the effects of the Rayleigh number (103- 106), Hartmann number (0 - 100) and also inclination angle (0 - 90°) are investigated. When the cavity is rotated, it is observed that the mean Nusselt number and total entropy generation increase when the Rayleigh number increases in cavity. In square cavity, regardless of the Ha number, by increasing of the inclination angel, the mean Nusselt number and entropy generation rate, increase until inclination angel 30°, then decreases. Also when the magnetic field is rotated, it is observed that the mean Nusselt number decrease when the Hartmann number increases. The mean Nusselt number when the cavity rotates with specific inclination angel is less than state that the cavity rotates with specific magnetic field. For finding optimum condition of heat transfer, Artificial Neural networks (ANN) were used. The results from optimization show that as the Rayleigh number increases, the optimum angel decreases. Whatever the Rayleigh number more increases, the decrement in optimum angel more intenses. Also in low the Rayleigh number, as the Hartmann number increases, the optimum angel decreases firstly then increases. In high Rayleigh number, as the Hartmann number increases, the optimum angel increases too.

Volume 15, Issue 8 (10-2015)
Abstract

Taguchi method since 1980 is used as an effective way to optimize the design process engineering tests. In this paper by using of taguchi method optimal conditions of the mixed convection and entropy generation in a square cavity filled with Cu-water nanofluid is analyzed. For this purpose a L16 (43) orthogonal taguchi array is used. Discretization of the governing equations were achieved through a finite volume method and solved with SIMPLE algorithm. The effect of Richardson number (0.1-100 ), the volume fraction of copper nanoparticles (0-10%) and the wavelength of the wavy surface (0- 1) as an effective parameters for analyzing in four levels are considered. This analysis was performed for fixed Grashof number 104. The results show that the mean Nusselt number decreases by increase of the Richardson number, the volume fraction of nanoparticles and the wavelength of the wavy surface. It is found that the Flat plate (for wavy surface with the wavelength 0) and the volume fraction 0% in the Richardson number 0.1 is optimal design for heat transfer while the geometry with Ф=5%, Ri=100 and λ=0.25 is optimal design for entropy generation. Finally for maximum heat transfer and minimum entropy generation the geometry with Ф=0%, Ri =1 and λ=0.25 can be considered as an optimal design.

Volume 17, Issue 104 (October 2020)
Abstract

Kaymak or Sarshir, a traditional dairy product, is served in Iranian breakfast. The aim of this study was to investigate the fatty acids profile, physicochemical properties (texture, color, pH, acidity, the content of dry matter, fat and protein) and organoleptic aspects of Gilanvand and Dalirankaymaks in comparison to the heavy cream. To study more closely the texture and appearance differences of these products, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were also prepared. The obtained results showed that the contents of fat and dry matter in heavy cream were higher than the kaymaks; however, Gilanvandkaymak had the highest protein content, acidity, and b*-value. Based on the study of the fatty acids profile, palmitic acid and cis-oleic acid were recognized as the most dominated saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Microstructural analysis of SEM revealed that the structure of the protein in the fat field was compact, irregular and abundant in Gilanvandkaymak which influenced the product properties. The hardness, gumminess, and adhesiveness of the heavy cream were highest in comparison to the kaymaks. The Gilamvandkaymak obtained higher scores in evaluating the taste and total acceptance. In conclusion, it can be mentioned that the Gilamvandkaymak will have high potential in marketability by considering its higher protein content as well as total acceptance.

Volume 18, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a diet suitable for obtaining quail eggs enriched with omega-3 fatty acids with minimum disadvantages on egg quality. This 12 weeks study was performed to investigate the effects of Fish Oil (FO) and Savory (Satureja khuzestanica) Essential Oil (EO) supplementation in diets of laying quails at different ages, on their performance, egg quality, fatty acid composition, and oxidation of egg yolk. One hundred and ninety-two Japanese quails were allocated to 8 groups (24 birds in each) with four replicates (having 6 birds in each) in a factorial arrangement with 3 variables: Age (31 and 12 weeks), FO (0 and 15 g kg-1), and EO (0 and 500 mg kg-1). The results showed that FO supplementation partially improved feed conversion ratio, hen-day egg production, egg weight and egg mass. There were no significant differences in albumen and shell weight percentage, but yolk percentage was significantly lower in FO groups. Savory essential oil significantly decreased shell thickness (P< 0.05). Percentage of yolk eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) increased but Arachidonic Acid (AA) percentage and the ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids decreased in the eggs of the birds fed on diets supplemented with FO. Also EO supplementation decreased omega-3 enriched egg yolk lipids oxidation during refrigeration and room temperature preservation. Thus, it is possible to produce quail's n-3 enriched eggs, which can improve public health and be used for marketing purposes without any loss in eggs quality through dietary administration of FO and EO.

Volume 18, Issue 116 (October 2021)
Abstract

In this study, the effect of low methoxyl pectin addition oi the three levels including 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% on the structural properties of cream with 45% fat globules was investigated. Structural study of the dispersed phase was performed using particle size distribution method and the morphological properties evaluated by optical microscopic images. The results show the effectiveness of low methoxyl pectin on the size distribution of fat globules in the cream. The mean volume-surface of ​​fat globules in pectin-free cream increased from 2.28 to 4.65 μm in the sample with 0.6% low methoxyl pectin. Optical microscopic images demonstrated the morphological of fat globules change from spherical and solitary to the agglomerated form. On the other hand, increasing of low methoxyl pectin levels caused to increase the irregularity of particles size distribution in the images obtained from microscopic observation. Fractal dimension was calculated as an indicator for complexity quantification based on microscopic images. An increase in fractal parameter observed with increasing levels of low methoxyl pectin in the cream. On the other hand, a relationship with high coefficient of determination was observed between the changes in particle size and fractal dimension.

Volume 20, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Abstract

One of the most concerns about design and maintenance of structures in civil engineering is the safety of structures in the events of natural disasters, including earthquakes, which requires adequate resistance and providing expected performance of structures. Different factors can have an impact on the occurrence of damage and the damage content in structures and, consequently, the loss of economic assets as well as human health and life safety during earthquakes. Normally, high alkaline property of concrete, PH about 13, forms a protective oxide layer on the reinforcement steel surface. The Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or the chloride ion in the concrete environment especially in the coastal zone, along with the moisture and the oxygen can penetrate through the concrete pores and micro-cracks and can reach the rebar surface. Then, they cause rebar corrosion inside the concrete by destroying the protective oxide layer on the steel surface. Chloride ions reach the passive layer according to the explained pattern and they begin to react in the passive layer when the amount of chloride ions exceed the critical value and cause the perforation corrosion. Therefore, the performance of deteriorating structures can be different from the desirable performance of pristine structures. Corrosion of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is one of the main factors in increasing the vulnerability of RC structures. Due to corrosion, mechanical properties of steel involving yield and ultimate stresses, their corresponding strains, and the elasticity modulus of steel will change. Also the cross-sectional area of steel reinforcement decreases. Furthermore, after cracking, the mechanical properties of concrete will change. In this study, in order to investigate the seismic fragility and vulnerability of RC structures due to steel reinforcement corrosion, two buildings involving a 3-storey and a 7-storey RC moment frames are modeled based on the lumped plasticity model for considering nonlinearity. Two corrosion scenarios of 10 and 20 percent reduction of steel reinforcement cross section and their effects applied to the structural members of these RC frames. Then, seismic performance and the fragility of these two RC frames are investigated using nonlinear static analysis (pushover analysis) and incremental dynamic analysis. Fragility analysis results show that the probability of failure and seismic fragility of RC structures increased due to reinforcement corrosion. Therefore, fragility curves shifted to the left due to corrosion, illustrating the increase in the probability of damage at different spectral accelerations. The safety margin of the collapse of the 3 and 7-storey structures also decreased due to corrosion. For example, as a result of 20 percent corrosion scenario, safety margin of three-storey structure decreased by 16.5 percent and the safety margin of seven-story structure decreased by 28 percent. Results also illustrate that the collapse margin ratios of both structures (CMR) are reduced for 10 percent corrosion scenario. Although the probability of failure increased for 3-storey RC frame, it remains below 10 percent. However, for 7-storey RC frame, the probability of failure exceeds 10% (allowable failure probability adopted by the code) and the frame needs to be rehabilitated.

Volume 20, Issue 141 (November 2023)
Abstract

The objective of this study was to make optimum use of hops medicinal plant as a flavoring compounds (bitter taste) and extract bioactive compounds. To optimize the extraction efficiency, total phenolic compounds (TPC), bitter taste compounds (α and β acids) and antioxidant activity (inhibition of DPPH free radicals, ferric reducing/antioxidant power) with ultrasound – assisted methods, the Box-Behnken design was used. Sonication exposure time (5, 15 and 25 min), extraction temperature (25, 35 and 45 C) and ultrasound amplitude (20, 60 and 100%) were considered as variables for the extraction of bioactive compounds. The results showed that with increasing the time and intensity of sonication, the extraction efficiency, the amount of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant power of the extract increased; while the extraction rate and antioxidant activity of the extracts decreased with increasing temperature. According to the resulting models, in the optimal conditions of extraction with ultrasound- assisted process (extraction time 12.73 min, extraction temperature 25 C and sonication amplitude 100 %), the extraction efficiency (16.5 %), TPC (75. 1191 mg/100 g), bitter taste compounds (α and β acids 1.01 and 3.09 mg/l respectively) and antioxidant activity (based on DPPH free radical scavenging and reducing power Iron was obtained 40.70% and 409.87 µmol/liter, respectively), higher than the conventional extraction method (maceration, control). Extraction at the optimal point confirmed the obtained results.
 

Volume 22, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract

The most important tools to perform tasks effectively in environments with heterogeneous and diverse workforce are cultural intelligence and work adjustment. The cultural intelligent helps to make relationship with people that have different culture in appropriately mood. According to importance of this issue, this study is to investigate the influence of cultural psychological capital, cultural intelligence and organizational trust on work adjustment. Research method is based on practical purpose and descriptive-correlation. The Statistical population is Hajj and Ziarat Organization in Tehran. After simple random sampling, 175 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire are all in Likert range and after assessed and certified by experts have been distributed, collected and analyzed by SPSS22 and LISREL8.8 software. By calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability and validity through first-order and second-order confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Research hypotheses were tested using path analysis. The results showed that psychological capital on cultural intelligence, Cultural intelligence on organizational trust have significant positive impact. Also organizational trust and work adjustment is positive and significant effect.

Volume 25, Issue 3 (Fall 2021)
Abstract

 
Introduction: This study evaluates the spatial diffusion theory and relies on its patterns (expansive, hierarchical, continuous and relocation patterns) by studying the spatial pattern of specialized physicians' offices in Mashhad, introducing a different and new pattern of diffusion.
Methodology: The descriptive-analytical and inferential study method and its analysis unit include all the offices of specialized physicians in 27 major medical specialties. For this purpose, using the addresses of specialized physicians' offices (including 2425 addresses), while creating a geographical database of offices according to the type of specialization and using spatial analysis models such as compression profiles, transmission center and standard distance, distribution pattern and origin of office publication were considered. In the next step, using the models of spatial correlation, network analysis and spatial allocation, the method of publishing each of the offices according to the type of specialization was examined and finally, using the distribution diagram and correlation coefficient, the emission rate of each specialty was determined.
Results: The results of this study showed that the publication of offices in the city of Mashhad follows a pattern that can be called the pattern of "reverse space publication". The main feature of this model is the increase in gaps and inequality as a result of increasing the number of services. In this way, with the increase in the number of offices in each specialty, the tendency to place them next to each other increases. Also, contrary to the common pattern of publishing space that shows the redistribution of services from outside the source, the publication of offices of their origin does not occur much. In addition, the tendency to the central position of offices is increasing with the number of them in each specialty.
Conclusion: Understanding this can reveal new dimensions of the hidden layers of physical change in the city of Mashhad and the challenges facing distributive justice.


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