Showing 28 results for Jooyandeh
Volume 13, Issue 52 (4-2016)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of Echinophora cinerea and Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl essential oils cultivated in Lorestan province against some food pathogens. The aerial parts of these plants were collected from the mountains around Khorramabad. Their essential oils were extracted by Clevenger and their chemical composition analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activities were determined by disk diffusion and micro-dilution methods against Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Thirty- nine and fifty-eight components were identified inEchinophora and Stachys essential oils, respectively. α-phellandrene, p-cymene, carvacrol and α-pinene were the main compounds in Echinophora essential oil and thymol, trans caryophyllene, β-phellandrene, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide were the major components of Stachys essential oil. Findings showed antibacterial properties of Echinophora and Stachys. They acted against S. aureus with diameters of the inhibition zones of 34.5 and 22.8 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and MBC of Echinophorafor E.coli were 4.6, and 18.75 mg/mL. Results demonstrated that MIC of Stachys for all bacteria was 2.3 mg/mL. In addition, MBC of Stachys on E. coli and S. dysanteria was observed when it was adjusted on 2.3 mg/mL.
Volume 14, Issue 63 (6-2016)
Abstract
Volume 16, Issue 89 (7-2019)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound power at 40 to 80 percent (equal to 232-464 W), extraction temperature (50 to 80 °C) and extraction time (10 to 30 min) on the soluble polysaccharide extraction from the Pleurotus ostreatus. The response surface methodology using Box-Behnken design (with three variables, three levels and 5 replications at central point) was applied to optimize extraction conditions and evaluation of the effects of main factors and their interactions. Antioxidant activity (scavenging ability of OH and DPPH) of extracted polysaccharide were also evaluated. Optimization of polysaccharide extraction yield using response surface methodology indicated that combination of the ultrasonic power of 58.06 percent (~337 W), extraction temperature of 65.15 °C and extraction time of 21.72 min resulted in maximum extraction yield (17.71%). Among three independent variables, ultrasonic power had the highest and temperature had the lowest impact on the rate of extraction. The results from antioxidant activity evaluation showed that even though extracted polysaccharide had lower absorbance capacity of the free radicals in comparison with control samples (ascorbic acid and BHT), but it revealed an acceptable antioxidant property.
Volume 16, Issue 89 (7-2019)
Abstract
Kefir is a fermented dairy drink that are produced using kefir grain and has beneficial effects on human health. In this study, the effects of the addition of Inulin (0.5, 1, 1.5%) on the physicochemical (pH, acidity, viscosity, syneresis and color), microbial (lactic acid bacteria and yeast) and organoleptic characteristics of kefir prepared with buffalo milk were investigated during 15 days refrigerator storage. The results showed that with increase of inulin content, the acidity and viscosity of kefir samples increased during storage period, while with increasing inulin content, the syneresis of the samples decreased on the last day of storage. Inulin also increased the number of lactic acid bacteria in kefir, indicating that the inulin was a prebiotic, but did not affect yeast growth. In addition, inulin reduced the lightness of kefir. Sensory evaluation results showed that inulin reduced the odor, taste and texture and had a negative effect on the overall acceptance of samples. According to the findings of this study, although inulin increased the probiotic properties of kefir, it had a negative effect on syneresis and sensory attributes of kefir.
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Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 50(10):938-950. doi:http//:DOI: 10.1080/10408390903044081 [5] Yue, T.X., Chi, M., Song, C.Z., Liu, M.Y., Meng, J.F., Zhang, Z.W. and Li, M.H., (2015). Aroma characterization of Cabernet Sauvignon wine from the Plateau of Yunnan (China) with different altitudes using SPME-GC/MS. International Journal of Food Properties, 18(7):1584-1596. doi:http//:DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.923442 [6] Dan, T., Wang, D., Jin, R., Zhang, H., Zhou, T. and Sun, T., (2017). Characterization of volatile compounds in fermented milk using solid-phase microextraction methods coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(4):2488-2500. [7] Ligor, M., Jarmalaviciene, R., Szumski, M., Maruška, A. and Buszewski, B., (2008). Determination of volatile and non‐volatile products of milk fermentation processes using capillary zone electrophoresis and solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography. Journal of Separation Science, 31(14):2707-2713. doi:HTTP//:DOI 10.1002/jssc.200800183 [8] Ziadi, M., Wathelet, J.P., Marlier, M., Hamdi, M. and Thonart, P., (2008). Analysis of Volatile Compounds Produced by 2 Strains of Lactococcus lactis Isolated from Leben (Tunisian Fermented Milk) Using Solid‐Phase Microextraction‐Gas Chromatography. Journal of Food Science, 73(6):S247-S252. doi:http:doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00846.x [9] Koksoy, A. and Kilic, M., (2004). Use of hydrocolloids in textural stabilization of a yoghurt drink, ayran. Food Hydrocolloids., 18(4):593-600. doi:http//:doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2003.10.002 [10] Ozer, B., Kirmaci, H.A., Oztekin, S., Hayaloglu, A. and Atamer, M., (2007). Incorporation of microbial transglutaminase into non-fat yogurt production. International Dairy Journal, 17(3):199-207. doi:http//:doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.02.007 [11] Şanli, T., Sezgin, E., Şenel, E. and Benli, M., (2013). The effect of transglutaminase on some physicochemical and sensory properties of the T urkish drinking yoghurt Ayran. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 66(3):410-416. doi:http//:doi: 10.1111/1471-0307.12045 [12] Romeih, E. and Walker, G., (2017). Recent advances on microbial transglutaminase and dairy application. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 62:133-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.015 [13] Kuraishi, C., Yamazaki, K. and Susa, Y., (2001). Transglutaminase: its utilization in the food industry. Food Reviews International, 17(2):221-246. [14] Oner, Z., Karahan, A., Aydemir, S. and Aloglu, H.S., (2008). Effect of transglutaminase on physicochemical properties of set-style yogurt. International Journal of Food Properties, 11(1):196-205. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910701286346 [15] 15. Shirkhani, M., Madadlou, A. and Khosrowshahi, A., (2015). Enzymatic Modification to Stabilize the Fermented Milk Drink, D oogh. Journal of Texture Studies, 46 (1):22-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12107 [16] Vardjan, T., Mohar Lorbeg, P. and Čanžek Majhenič, A., (2018). Stability of prevailing lactobacilli and yeasts in kefir grains and kefir beverages during ten weeks of propagation. International journal of Dairy Technology, 71:51-60. [17] Walsh, A.M., Crispie, F., Kilcawley, K., O’Sullivan, O., O’Sullivan, MG., Claesson, M.J. and Cotter, P.D., (2016). Microbial succession and flavor production in the fermented dairy beverage kefir. Msystems, 1(5): e00052-00016. doi:http//:doi: 10.1111/1471-0307.12463 [18] Temiz, H. and Dağyıldız, K., (2017). Effects of Microbial Transglutaminase on Physicochemical, Microbial and Sensorial Properties of Kefir Produced by Using Mixture Cow’s and Soymilk. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 37(4):606. doi:https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.4.606 [19] Plessas, S., Bekatorou, A., Gallanagh, J., Nigam, P., Koutinas, A. and Psarianos, C., (2008). Evolution of aroma volatiles during storage of sourdough breads made by mixed cultures of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus or Lactobacillus helveticus. Food Chemistry, 107(2):883-889. doi:http//:doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.09.010 [20] NIST. (2018). The National Institute of Standards and Technology, http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/. [21] De Kruif, C. and Tuinier, R., (2001). Polysaccharide protein interactions. Food hydrocolloids. 15(4-6):555-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-005X(01)00076-5 [22] Lucey, J.A., (2001). The relationship between rheological parameters and whey separation in milk gels. Food Hydrocolloids, 15(4-6):603-608. [23] Dickinson, E. and Lorient, D., (1996). Food macromolecules and colloids, TheRoyal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. 328–339. [24] Walstra, P., (2003). Colloidal interactions. In: Walstra Peditor. Physical Chemistry of Foods. NewYork, Marcel Dekker Inc, 437– 476. [25] Hashemi, F.S., Gharibzahedi, S.M.T. and Hamishehkar, H., (2015). The effect of high methoxyl pectin and gellan including psyllium gel on Doogh stability. RSC Advances, 5(53):42346-423. doi:http//:DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03190g [26] Gharibzahedi, SMT. and Chronakis, IS., (2017). Crosslinking of milk proteins by microbial transglutaminase: utilization in functional yogurt products. Food Chemistry. 245:620-32. [27] Temiz, H. and Çakmak, E., (2018). The effect of microbial transglutaminase on probiotic fermented milk produced using a mixture of bovine milk and soy drink. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 71(4):906-920. doi:http//:doi: 10.1111/1471-0307.12521 [28] Aghlara, A., Mustafa, S., Manap, Y.A. and Mohamad, R., (2009). Characterization of headspace volatile flavor compounds formed during kefir production: Application of solid phase microextraction. International Journal of Food Properties, 12(4):808-818. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910802073189 [29] Guzel-Seydim, Z., Seydim, A. and Greene, A., (2000). Organic acids and volatile flavor components evolved during refrigerated storage of kefir. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(2):275-277. doi:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74874-0 [30] Delgado, F.J., González-Crespo, J., Cava, R., García-Parra, J. and Ramírez, R., (2010). Characterisation by SPME–GC–MS of the volatile profile of a Spanish soft cheese PDO Torta del Casar during ripening. Food Chemistry, 118(1):182-189. doi:http//:doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.081 [31] Güzel-Seydim, Z., Seydim, A., Greene, A. and Bodine, A., (2000). Determination of organic acids and volatile flavor substances in kefir during fermentation. Journal of Food composition and Analysis, 13(1):35-43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1999.0842 [32] McSweeney, P.L. and Sousa, M.J., (2000). Biochemical pathways for the production of flavour compounds in cheeses during ripening: A review. Le Lait, 80(3):293-324. [33] Tamime, A.Y. and Robinson, R.K., (2007). Tamime and Robinson's yoghurt science and technology. 3rd edn. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, England, Page:791. [34] Kilcawley, K., Faulkner, H., Clarke, H., O’Sullivan, M. and Kerry, J., (2018). Factors influencing the flavour of bovine milk and cheese from grass based versus non-grass based milk production systems. Foods, 7(3):37. [35] Solano‐Lopez, CE., Ji, T. and Alvarez, V.B., (2005). Volatile compounds and chemical changes in ultrapasteurized milk packaged in polyethylene terephthalate containers. Journal of Food Science, 70(6):c407-c412. [36] Wang, W., Zhang, L. and Li, Y., (2012). Production of volatile compounds in reconstituted milk reduced-fat cheese and the physicochemical properties as affected by exopolysaccharide-producing strain. Molecules, 17(12):14393-14408. doi:http//:doi:10.3390/molecules171214393 Study of adding microbial transglutaminase enzyme on the volatile compounds of traditional kefir beverage
Volume 16, Issue 91 (September 2019)
Abstract
Kefir is a kind of dairy drink with unique and exotic flavor that is traditionally produced from fermented milk with kefir grains included a mix of bacteria and yeasts. The phase separation during storage of kefir results in an unfavorable appearance, which is known as a defect, which can be controlled by making the cross- links between the milk proteins. In this research, the addition of the microbial transglutaminase enzyme (m-TG) to diminish the syneresis and its effect on the aromatic compounds of kefir was investigated during one-month storage at a refrigerated temperature using a solid phase microextraction method combined with a gas chromatography–mass spectrometer. The results showed that the adding of the m-TG to kefir significantly affected the syneresis of kefir and caused reduce in phase separation of kefir during storage. In total, 51 volatile compositions were isolated and identified from kefir samples using SPME-GC/MS. Most of the identified compounds include acids, alcohols, ketones, esters, and aldehydes, respectively. The results indicated that the storage time significantly affected the amount of all volatile compositions, so that some volatile compounds increased, while some volatile compounds decreased during storage. The m-TG had no effect the content of the volatile constituents except for alcohols. The findings of this study revealed that the total amounts of alcoholic and acidic compounds as well as carbon dioxide were increased during storage. On the other hand, total amounts of ketones, aldehydes and esters in kefir decreased during storage.Based on the findings of this study, it could be concluded that the use of m-TG without significant effect on the properties of aromatic compounds of kefir reduces its syneresis during storage.
Volume 16, Issue 97 (March 2020)
Abstract
Olive leaf consumption due to its antioxidant properties and several applications in medicine and pharmaceutical sciences is considered from ancient time. In this research effect of different drying methods including oven drying at 60 °C and 105 °C, microwave drying at 400 W and 700 W and shadow on methanolic extraction of olive leaf were evaluated. Antioxidant properties were assayed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS, and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and also total phenolic and flavonoid content were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride respectively. Olive leaf contains 55.17% moisture, 6.12% ash, 3.18% fat, 8.21% protein, 8.58% polysaccharide, 18.48% insoluble carbohydrate, and 27.32% total carbohydrate. Results showed that drying method affect antioxidant properties and phenolic and flavonoid extraction significantly. By increasing the concentrations of extracts, their anti-radical activity increased and the radical scavenging ability of extracts depended on their concentration. Highest antioxidant property were seen in 400 W microwave and the lowest results were in oven drying at 60 °C.
Volume 17, Issue 98 (April 2020)
Abstract
In this study, the effect of storage period on some characteristics of synbiotic ultrafiltrated white cheese (SC) as compared with two non-probiotic (NPC) and probiotic cheese (PC) samples were evaluated. SC with optimized formulation as: 0.43 microbial transglutaminase enzyme (U/g protein), 8.24% demineralized whey powder solution (34% T.S. substituted with retentate) and 0.71% inulin was produced. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 was used as probiotic bacteria. Cheese samples were evaluated for color indexes, texture profile analysis (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness) and total acceptance during a two-month storage period (3, 15,30, and 60 days) under refrigeration conditions. Results of texture profile analysis of cheese samples showed that except for springiness, all texture values of SC sample during the storage intervals were significantly (p<0.05) higher than NPC- and PC- control cheeses. Although SC sample had the higher springiness than other cheeses, it was not significant (p>0.05). The hardness, gumminess and chewiness values of the all cheeses until 30 days of storage were increased and thereafter decreased significantly (p<0.01). In terms of color indexes, SC samples had the higher L* values than other cheeses but no difference in relation to a* and b* parameters were determined. decreasing trend and a decreasing and increasing trend respectively. Furthermore, during the storage period, L* value of all cheese treatments were meaningfully (p<0.05) decreased. Based on the results of evaluated parameters, SC sample had a higher cheese quality than two control cheeses after two months of cold storage.
Volume 17, Issue 99 (May 2020)
Abstract
Withania coagulans by two water and alcoholic extraction methods and the levels of 0.5, 1 and 1.5% of mentioned extracts contained plant proteinase were used in cheese making. The color parameters (brightness/L*, redness/a* and yellowness/b*), physicochemical properties (pH, moisture, fat, syneresis, total protein, soluble protein in water and in 12% TCA) and total acceptance of produced cheeses were compared with the control sample (prepared with commercial recombinant chymosin 0.5% WCE-cheese and its alcoholic form, an ultrafiltrated Iranian white cheese with an acceptable quality can be produced. However, commercial application of this extract in order to replacewith microbial rennet requires the risk assessment and to convince that the WCE is harmless for the human health.
Volume 17, Issue 101 (july 2020)
Abstract
In this investigation, the Cordia myxa fruit mucilage (CMFM) was extracted by water to seed ratio 1:6, extraction temperature 58 ᵒC, and pH 4. After sterilization of extracted mucilage, its antibacterial activity was assessed on pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis under laboratory conditions. Antimicrobial potential of mucilage, at the different CMFM levels: 37.5, 75, 150 and 300 mg/ml was evaluated using disk diffusion agar and well diffusion agar methods. Furthermore, the interaction of CMFM with gentamicin and chloramphenicol antibiotics was assessed. Results shown that by increasing the CMFM concentrations, the inhibition zone diameter around the discs were noticeably increased. In the disk diffusion agar method, the highest inhibition zone diameter was observed at the concentration of 300 mg/ml CMFM for Staphylococcus epidermidis with 11.10 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis was 64, 64, 16, 32, 128, 64, 256 and 64 mg/ml, respectively. Results shown that the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CMFM for the all tested bacterial strains was greater than their MIC.
Volume 17, Issue 104 (October 2020)
Abstract
Shirazi thyme with the scientific name of Zataria multiflora Boiss is an aromatic seasoning shrub related to Lamiaceae family. In traditional medicine, this herbal plant has been used as a flavoring agent, food and beverages preservative, respiratory tract infection treatment, preventing fluctuation and as antispasmodic, disinfectant and anaesthetic drug. The aim of this investigation was to assess the antibacterial activity of Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZMEO) as alone and in combination with gentamicin and chloramphenicol antibiotics against some foodborne pathogenic bacteria. To determine the mutual pharmaceutical effect of ZMEO with the gentamicin and chloramphenicol antibiotics, the sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) method was used. Disk diffusion agar and well diffusion agar were also used to determine the inhibition zone diameter of ZMEO. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were performed using with microdilution broth and pour plate techniques, respectively. Results showed that Gram-negative bacteria had higher inhibition zone diameter as compare with Gram-positive ones. In case of simultaneous application of ZMEO with gentamicin and chloramphenicol antibiotics, the inhibition zone diameter for Listeria innocua was significantly increased. The MIC of ZMEO for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua were determined as 0.50, 0.25, 0.50, 0.25 and 0.25 mg/mm, respectively. The MBC of ZMEO for all the pathogenic strains was 2 mg/mm. According to the result of this study, Shirazi thyme has a great potential as a preservative in food industry in addition to its application as seasoning agent and herbal-tea production.
Volume 18, Issue 111 (May 2021)
Abstract
Given the rise in the infectious diseases caused by pathogens, identification of medicinal plants and purification of their nutraceuticals can be useful in treating such diseases. In this experimental study, the antimicrobial activity of Dezfuli orange peel essential oil was examined on 3 Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) and 5 Gram-positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Listeria innocua) through agar disc diffusion, agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (microdilution broth) and minimum bactericidal concentration. Furthermore, the interactions between the essential oil and chloramphenicol, gentamycin and tetracycline were investigated. The results of disc diffusion showed that the longest and shortest diameters of the growth inhibition zone belonged to B. cereus (21.20 mm) and L. innocua (13.20 mm) respectively. In the agar diffusion test, S. aureus and E. coli respectively had the longest (17.30 mm) and shortest (11.10 mm) diameters of the inhibition zone. The minimum inhibitory concentration was equal to 25, 400, 50, 12.5, 25, 25, 400 and 12.5 mg/ml for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, S. aureus, B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis and L. innocua respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the essential oil was greater than 400 mg/ ml for all the strains.
Volume 18, Issue 113 (july 2021)
Abstract
Ice cream is a unique food product that is very popular in Iran and around the world. As a result of much research into converting this nutrient food into a useful product, the addition of probiotic bacteria, fat reduction, dry matter enhancement and improved health benefits have been done. Probiotics ice cream contains live microbial cells that are well-suited to the distribution of probiotics to consumers. In this study, prebiotic ice cream containing Lactobacillus fermentum strain 4-17 and inulin was prepared at 0, 2.5 and 5% levels. Microbial tests, dry matter measurement, volume increase, pH and acidity determination, melting rate and tissue parameters were evaluated. Evaluation of probiotic bacterial growth over 90 days of survival in different samples showed that the survival rate of this strain in the presence of 5% inulin was about two logarithmic units higher than that produced with 2.5% inulin and about 5 logarithmic units higher than the sample. It was in control. The pH range was 6.8-8.8, 19 to 25 degrees acidity, dry matter was 61.3 to 36.14% and volume increase was 34.38- 15.85%. Also due to the increase in apparent viscosity and decrease in melting rate (from 1.89 to 0.74 g/min), improvement in tissue properties (55% increase in hardness, 69% decrease in adhesion and 29% increase in cohesion) as well as increased product desirability during storage. At 95% confidence level, inulin can be used as an alternative to fat and tissue optimizer.
Volume 18, Issue 120 (February 2021)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of production of a functional half-fat synbiotic stirred yogurt using Panirak (Malva neglecta) and lactulose (as a prebiotic compound) with an acceptable physicochemical and sensory properties. To produce half-fat synbiotic stirred yogurt samples, Lactobacillus fermentum SL163-4 from a fermented food (Ashkardeh) was isolated and used as probiotic bacteria. Panirak at four levels (0, 5, 10, 15%) and lactulose at three levels (0, 1 and 2%) were used as prebiotic substances. Physicochemical and sensory properties of the yogurt samples were investigated during 21 days of refrigerated storage. Based on the results obtained from the data analysis, it was found that as the level of Panirak enhanced, pH increased and acidity decreased (p<0.05) while by increasing the amount of lactulose and with passing the storage time, pH decreased and acidity increased (p<0.05). Also, by increasing the amount of Panirak and lactulose and with passing the storage time, the extent of syneresis of the yogurt samples decreased (p<0.05). Based on the sensory results, it was found that by addition of Panirak up to 10% level, taste and acceptability of yogurt samples improved (p<0.05), but lactulose caused a significant reduction in these sensory attributes (p<0.05). Furthermore, there were no differences between yogurt samples containing 10 and 15% Panirak and samples having 0 and 1% lactulose. Therefore, according to the results obtained from this study, the use of 15% Panirak and 1% lactulose to produce a functional stirred yoghurt with an acceptable quality is recommended.
Volume 19, Issue 125 (July 2022)
Abstract
Diseases caused by the use of chemical preservatives have increased the tendency to use natural antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. In this study, the herbal extract of Salvia rhytidea Benth was extracted using ethanol solvent. The content of total phenols and flavonoids in the ethanolic extract were found to be 36.14 mg GAE/g and 17.13 mg QE/g, respectively, indicating the high antioxidant properties of the extract. The antioxidant activity of the extract based on IC50 in DPPH free radical scavenging and ABTS free radical scavenging was 75.32 and 66.60 mg/ml, respectively. Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of ethanolic extract of S. rhytidea by disk diffusion agar, well diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration showed that although the extract was more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria, the plant can be used as a natural preservative in various industries.
Volume 19, Issue 130 (December 2022)
Abstract
Nowadays, by proving the harmful effects of synthetic antioxidants on human health, food scientists are seeking natural compounds to replace synthetic antioxidants. In this study antioxidant properties of Bene (Pistacia atlantica) oil in stabilizing crude soybean oil were investigated. Treatments were prepared by blending different ratios of Bene oil with soybean oil (1, 3, and 5%w/w) and synthetic antioxidants of TBHQ (100 ppm) and BHT (200 ppm) along with the antioxidant free soybean oil were used as a control to monitor stability at accelerated oxidation conditions (70 °C). At different time intervals (2 to 12 days), peroxide value, acid value and thiobarbituric acid of samples were evaluated. Fatty acid profile of Bene oil was analyzed using gas chromatography and its total phenolic content and antioxidant properties were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH methods, respectively. Results showed that the predominant fatty acid in Bene oil was oleic acid (% 56.53) and Free Radical scavenging activity and total phenol content were 64.7 ± 2.6 % and 87.3 ± 4.5 μg/mg, respectively. Accelerated oxidation test showed that antioxidant properties of 5% Bene oil containing samples were comparable with BHT samples. Generally, the results of this study showed the ability of Bene oil in retarding the oxidation of crude soybean oil.
Volume 19, Issue 132 ( February 2023)
Abstract
In recent years, the non-destructive and fast method of image processing has been successfully used for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the characteristics of food products. In this study, the effect of sugarcane bagasse as a source of fiber enrichment (0-25%), soybean water-soluble polysaccharide (0-2%) and frying time (2-5 minutes) on the image characteristics of donuts such as color, number , density and size of bubbles, porosity, energy, homogeneity, contrast and entropy were investigated. The findings of this research showed that the increase of sugarcane bagasse fiber increases the a* index and decreases the L* and b* components of the crust and crumb and porosity. On the other hand, increasing the frying temperature increases the redness of the crust and decreases the lightness of the crust and the porosity of the texture. Meanwhile, the polysaccharide soluble in soybean water had no significant effect on the characteristics of the treatments. The optimization results also showed that if 8.58% sugarcane bagasse and 0.36% soybean soluble polysaccharide are added to the formula and the sample is fried within 5 minutes, the best quality will be obtained.
Volume 20, Issue 139 (September 2023)
Abstract
Ultrafiltrated (UF)-white cheese is almost a new generation of white-cheeses that is produced throughout ultrafiltration process. This cheese has a soft and spreadable texture and is distributed in the market after a short storage period. Lactulose is a prebiotic compound that in addition to its positive effect on the growth of probiotic bacteria, its beneficial health effects on human well-being is proved. In the current research, synbiotic cheese samples were produced with the usage of demineralized ultrafiltrated whey powder (DUWP) at 3 levels of 0, 1 and 2%, lactulose at 2 levels of 0 and 1%, and bifidobacterium bifidum as probiotic bacteria. Experimental samples were analyzed and tested for physicochemical analysis including pH, acidity, moisture, syneresis, fat, protein and soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio (TSN/TN) during 60 days of storage at 4 ◦C. Results revealed that addition of DUWP and lactulose, except for protein, had significant effects on the other tested parameters. In addition, the time of storage period had noticeable impact on all the examined physicochemical properties (P<0.01). Based on the results of this study, it was found that the best UF-white synbiotic cheese could be produced with the usage of 1% of each DUWP and lactulose powders.
Volume 20, Issue 139 (September 2023)
Abstract
Because fat content has a great impact on the sensory properties of the cheese like appearance, taste and texture, its reduction causes fundamental changes in the sensory and structural characteristics of the product. Therefore, by using fat replacers, as well as to produce a healthy cheese, a product with an acceptable quality could be produced. In the present study, low-fat cheese samples (8% fat) were produced thru ultra-filtration (UF) method. To produce the cheese samples, kappa-carrageenan gum was applied at three levels (0, 0.03 and 0.06%) and transglutaminase was added at 2 levels (0 and 0.5 unit/g of protein). The low-fat sample without the gum and enzyme addition was considered as the control. All samples were evaluated in terms of sensory, textural and microbial characteristics after 1, 15 and 30 days of production. According to the results, the addition of gum caused a significant reduction of cheese hardness, while enzymatic treatment had adverse effect and it increased this parameter (p<0.01). Addition of 0.03% of gum resulted in the higher taste and texture quality, but the sensory attributes of low-fat UF-cheese samples decreased at the higher level, i.e. 0.06%. Furthermore, results showed that enzymatic treatment caused a substantial reduction on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count, while gum addition had no effect. Overall, as the time of storage increased and until the 15th day of storage, all the sensory scores, the cheese hardness and the count of LAB increased while at the end of 30th day of storage, all these parameters significantly decreased. In conclusion, according to the sensory evaluation and texture results, the low-fat UF-cheese containing 0.03% carrageenan treated with transglutaminase was selected as the best sample.
Volume 20, Issue 139 (September 2023)
Abstract
Strawberry is a non-climacteric fruit, but its high post-harvest respiration rate results in a rapid spoilage at room temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of biodegradable coating based on Lepidium sativum seed mucilage in combination with Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil in post-harvest protection of strawberry fruit at 4 °C. Strawberry coating treatments included control sample, mucilage without essential oil, mucilage containing 0.5% essential oil, mucilage containing 0.75% essential oil, and mucilage containing 1% essential oil. Physicochemical (total soluble solids, pH, acidity, and hardness), microbial (mold and yeast), and sensory (color, odor, texture, and overall acceptance) properties of the fruits were studied on days 1, 4, 7 and 10 of storage. The treatments containing essential oil had a positive effect on post-harvest quality of strawberries. Although the quality of samples decreased by storage time, compared with the control sample, mucilage coating containing 1% essential oil prevented severe changes in acidity, pH, hardness, fungi count, and sensory properties of the samples during the storage period and it was selected as the best treatment. In general, samples coated with L. sativum seed mucilage containing C. zeylanicum essential oil showed the highest overall acceptance compared to the control sample due to low microbial load and preservation of texture and flavor compounds. Therefore, the edible coating based on L. sativum seed mucilage and C. zeylanicum essential oil can be used to increase the shelf life of other food products.
Volume 20, Issue 141 (November 2023)
Abstract
During last decades, consumer awareness in importance of healthy intake has led their tendency towards the potential health benefits of particular foods and food ingredients. These conditions resulted in development of functional foods. In the current research, the effect of different concentrations of demineralized ultrafiltrated whey powder (DUWP) at levels of 0, 1 and 2% (W/V) and lactulose at levels of 0 and 1% (W/V) on symbiotic ultrafiltrated cheese were evaluated as a functional food. The color values, total acceptability and survival ability of Bifidobacterium bifidium during 60 days of storage at 4 °C were studied. Results showed that as the amount of lactulose and DUWP powders increased, the number of probiotics enhanced meaningfully, while the number of probiotic bacteria deceased with passing the storage time (p<0.001). However, the count of probiotic bacteria in samples containing lactulose and 1 or 2% DUWP at the end of 60 days of storage time were in the standard range of probiotic foods (>107 Log cfu/g). The colorimetric results showed that as the amount of DUWP and the storage time increased, the lightness (L*) decreased significantly (p<0.001); but addition of both powders had no significant effect on a* and b* values. Based on the obtained results, the synbiotic cheese containing 1% DUWP and 1% lactulose powder as compare to control sample had a higher count of probiotic bacteria. Meanwhile, no differences in color quality and total acceptability were found between these two samples. Therefore, this synbiotic ultrafiltrated cheese was determined as the best functional cheese sample.
