Showing 1474 results for Ji
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the elementary and advanced teachers’ formative assessment literacy of speaking skill in Teaching Persian to Non-Persian Speakers context. To this end, 26 teachers of teaching Persian to non-Persian speakers, mostly female, took part in this study. To collect data about their speaking assessment practices, they were primarily involved in a semi-structured interview related to the components of aims, contents, and methods of their speaking assessment. Afterward, they answered five scenarios. The interviews were based on Xu and Brown’s (2016) framework, and the scenarios were based on Chappius and Stiggins’ (2009) assessment quality and standards. In this phase, in addition to aims, content, and methods, and two additional components of giving feedback and students’ participation in assessing the speaking skill were examined. The interview results in relation to the aims for the instructors of elementary and advanced levels shed light on six criteria including comprehension, learning and progress, teaching method and curriculum efficacy, weak and strong points, communicative and practical competence, self-confidence and feedback; in relation to content, grammatical accuracy, pronunciation, fluency, interaction and communication, pragmatics, content, turn taking and participation, and spoken and written differences were recognized; and in relation to methods, class conversation, audio and video files, modeling and memorizing, game and competition, summary telling, question and response, playing roles, giving speech, problem solving and authentic activities were identified. Quantitative analysis of the interviews and scenarios indicated statistical differences among the two groups of elementary and advanced teachers.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
This study investigated the construct validity and measurement invariance of the Teacher Emotion Questionnaire to introduce a valid and reliable instrument for assessing English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) teachers’ emotions inside the classroom. Second language (L2) teacher emotions have been largely neglected, despite the fact that Educational Psychology has long recognized and researched the role of teacher emotions in different aspects of teaching and learning. To bridge this gap, the current study had 208 Iranian EFL teachers in private language institutes fill out the Teacher Emotion Questionnaire (TEQ), which assessed six emotions teachers experience in their classroom, i.e., Joy, Pride, Love, Anger, Fatigue/Exhaustion, and Hopelessness. The preliminary analysis of the data showed that six items from the TEQ had a factor loading below the minimum recommended level of 0.3, meaning that they contributed to the total variance in the participants’ score less than expected. The collected data were then submitted to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the purpose of construct validation and establishment of the factorial structure of the TEQ. The CFA results indicated that the hypothesized six-factor analysis had more favorable goodness-of-fit indices than both a one-factor structure and a two-factor structure (e.g., positive versus negative emotions). Multilevel CFA revealed that the tested six-factor structure of the TEQ was invariant across male and female EFL teachers. The implications for the use of TES in EFL teaching contexts are discussed, and some suggestions are proposed for further validation of the TEQ in language teaching contexts.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the basic sentence structures of textbooks written for Iranian students in Persian language. The theoretical principles of the research are based on Tesniere's (1959) Dependency Grammar, which describes syntactic structures in different languages by examining the dependency relationships between head and dependent elements in syntactic groups. The basic sentence structures presented by Tabibzadeh (2001, 2006, 2011) have been used in this research for comparison. The data was extracted from the review of 211 texts belonging to textbooks. In order to collect data, 633 sentences were selected from all the textbooks and their basic structure was extracted using the purposeful sampling method. The findings indicate that in addition to the 24 basic sentence structures provided for Persian language, other basic structures have been used in textbook, which are: || sub., pro. Comp., pre.||, || sub., pro. Comp., pro. Comp., pre. ||. The most used basic structures in the sentences of textbooks of all levels were bi-valency constructions. The study of the complements showed that, the nominal subject 96.4%, the prepositional complement 41.9%, the direct complement 31.4%, the predicate 17.2% and the complement 15.3% are the most used. The findings of the present research show the profile of the language development of 10-12 year old children by identifying the level of syntactic complexity of the sentences in the textbooks. The results of this research show the readability of educational texts written for Iranian students and can be useful for textbook authors.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Adding suffix is one of the methods of making words to produce various meanings. Various semantic contexts vary depending on the suffixes and prefixes in the word derivation. The suffixes "-är", "-gär", "-gar", "-an", "-nadeh" are known in Persian as suffixes that produce adjectives and nouns. In Russian the following suffixes:
-тель, -арь, -чик, -щик, ...
In the row, there are suffixes for making nouns. Among the above two suffixes "-арь" and "-тель" in Russian language are analyzed to find equivalence in Persian language.
The purpose of writing this research is to identify the active and passive suffixes in Russian and Persian languages and to examine them against each other in understanding their meaning and form, relying on the theory of semantic-lexical expression (Liber) 2004 and the grammatical theory. The questions that we seek to answer in this article are, what is the degree of convergence and divergence of the semantic expansion of active and passive suffixes in two languages? Is it possible to make some words with the help of existing words, according to the generative and cognitive grammar approach, to what extent the semantic overlap allows the reproduction of some figures. And as a result of this research: it was found that the investigated suffixes in two languages use the same basic units of noun + infinitive + suffix, but in the semantic part, the expected correspondence does not match completely.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Translation Studies seems to have succeeded to establish itself as an area of enquiry for scholars. Patterns of flourishing this discipline with its diverse audience is not well studied, though. The present study used scientometric and bibliometric analyses to identify and assess topics and trends of Translation Studies over time, as evidence of evolution over the course of time. Documents (from 1931 to 2021) were extracted from Scopus to examine relevant indicators; document types, top journals, authors’ networks, institutes/universities, organizational support, countries and interdisciplinary contributions. In addition, VOSviewer, network and cluster density visualization and word co-occurrences were utilized to analyze and evaluate the development of the field. Trend analysis was considered at three intervals. The analyses showed that over a 90-year time span (1931-2021), 13916 documents were published by 21509 authors from 16323 institutes/universities that contributed to the scientific mobility of Translation Studies. Authors’ cooperation from 124 countries emerged in four clusters led by the US, the UK, Spain and China. In its course of development, Translation Studies witnessed a remarkable proliferation of documents since the 2000s onward. Relevant topics were shown by keywords analysis, and interrelationships of Translation Studies with other disciplines were explored. The findings offer analyses of trends and topics in Translation Studies, as evidence of scientific evolution, attested by the interdisciplinary contributions and bibliometric findings.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Point of view, as the most important aspect of the narrative structure, is the window through which the reader sees the different scenes of the story and the behavior of the characters. The author or the narrator, according to his purpose and skill, uses different methods of point of view in the narration. The present article deals with the descriptive-analytical method of studying the point of view in the tale "Fisherman and Monster" and its related narrative circles in the story collection "One Thousand and One Nights". In this way, the model of Jacques Fontaine, a contemporary semiotician, has been used. He considers the types of applied point of view in the discourse as "universal, cumulative or serial, selective, particularizing, parallel and conflicting ". Based on this, the research answers the question of which cognitive angles did the narrator use in the story of the fisherman and the monster and how? The findings of the research show that with every point of view and rotation, the author creates new form and new meaning in the story in order to have a greater impact on the structure and reach the meaning and purpose. He has used different types of
cognitive points of view based on purposefulness, but the "universal" one, due to the omniscient nature of the narrator and the use of description technique, has the highest frequency in the above-mentioned story and its narrative circles.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Teaching is a profession which is intermingled with emotional relationships. Teachers’ relationships with their classes have been shown to positively influence their performance. However, despite the novelty of the concept of teacher-class relationship (TCR) in the field of applied linguistics, examining the relationship between language teachers with the whole class has not received due attention. To shed more light on this novel concept and its antecedents, the present study aimed to investigate the role of psychological well-being, foreign language teaching enjoyment and work engagement in the TCR of language teachers. A sample of 428 English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers participated in the study by completing four online questionnaires, namely the Teacher-Class Relationship Scale, the Psychological Well-being at Work (PWBW) Scale, the Foreign Language Teaching Scale (FLTES), and the Engaged Teacher Scale (ETS). The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that EFL teachers’ psychological well-being, foreign language teaching enjoyment and work engagement were strong predictors of their TCR. In addition, it was revealed that work engagement was the strongest predictor. The findings were discussed regarding the significance of developing EFL teachers’ TCR. This study suggests that EFL teachers with high level of well-being who enjoy their profession and have dedication to their job are more likely to build strong relationships with their classes. Finally, suggestions for future research were provided.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the use of different levels of syntactic architecture in written personal and fictional narratives in both Persian and English across three discourse communities, namely Persian native speakers, English native speakers, and Iranian EFL learners. To this end, the participants of the study were selected based on convenience sampling and were asked to write one of their happiest memories. Also, an English fable from Aseop's fables and a Persian story, chosen based on comparative literature and having the similar plot, were given to them to read and write whatever they remembered; there was no limit on the number of words and paragraphs. To analyze the data, the Berman and Nir-Sagiv's (2009) model was followed. The findings showed that in fictional narratives written by both Persian and English native speakers, isotaxis, asymmetric parataxis, complement (CMP), and parataxis levels were frequently employed; however, personal narratives in Persian were dominantly isotactic, paratactic, and asymmetric paratactic, CMP, while isotactic, hypotactic, and paratactic levels were frequent in English written personal narratives. Also, after receiving explicit instruction on different types of English sentences, the use of adverbial and relative clauses (hypotaxis level) increased in Iranian EFL learners' written narratives. It can be concluded that explicit teaching of syntactic levels enabled EFL learners to arrange their sentences correctly to express their intended meaning. Teachers can benefit from the results to gain a more comprehensive understanding of narrative connectivity and help EFL learners elaborate clause linkage in their written narrative tasks.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
The practice of English as a medium for learning academic subjects in academic settings is becoming more popular all over the world. However, its application in music in countries where English is not the first language is controversial. Indeed, English Medium Instruction (EMI) is growing promptly in various territories such as the Middle East and North Africa as a part of internationalization. The application of EMI plays a crucial role in improving learners’ English skills and subject matter which can also affect learners’ achievement. The most important predictor of learners’ performance and success is self-efficacy which is also a relevant concept in the area of music performance. Although self-efficacy is significant, its contribution to music learning and academic accomplishment in EMI courses seems critical. Indeed, it should be taken into consideration as it is in direct relation to learners’ academic achievement. As a result, the main objective of this review is to inspect the contribution of self-efficacy to music students’ academic achievement in a context where English is used as the medium of instruction. In a nutshell, the current paper ends up with some suggestions and recommendations to be used by teaching participants in scholastic situations.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Learners’ classroom involvement is thought to be highly influential in their academic success in that highly involved learners typically invest more time and energy in acquiring course content. For this reason, the predictors and determinants of learners’ classroom involvement have been highly attended to by educational researchers. Nonetheless, the predicting role of teachers’ emotional competencies like compassion and empathy has rarely been researched. Furthermore, to the best of the researcher’s knowledge, no theoretical review has looked into the concurrent impacts of teachers’ compassion and empathy on EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners’ classroom involvement. To address this lacuna, the current theoretical review aimed to explicate the effects of these two emotional competencies on EFL learners’ classroom involvement. The desirable effects of teachers’ compassion and empathy on EFL learners’ involvement were demonstrated using theoretical and empirical evidence. The implications of the present review’s findings are thoroughly discussed.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
This study analyzes the semantic meaning of the word "zanīm" in verse 13 of Surah Al-Qalam and, by examining contemporary Persian translations, seeks to clarify the precise meaning of this word. As an example of words with evolving meanings in the Quran, "zanīm" is used only once in the mentioned verse and does not appear in any other verses in any derived or related forms. This rare occurrence presents challenges for accurately interpreting the word, reflecting the lack of consensus on its meaning among translators and exegeses of the Quran. Consequently, this ambiguity and the multiplicity of interpretations emphasize the need for a systematic and semantic study—one that, through analyzing the context of the verse and reviewing linguistic and exegetical perspectives, can offer a more accurate understanding of the word "zanīm" and, thus, provide a basis for resolving the challenges in its comprehension and translation. The significance of this study lies in its precise examination of how the word "zanīm" is used and the analysis of its various meanings and interpretations, which can be beneficial for researchers in Quranic studies. The aim of the research is to provide a comprehensive understanding and propose a more accurate translation for the word "zanīm" within the context of the verse. The research method is analytical-descriptive, and related meanings are explored based on the views of interpreters and lexicographers. The findings indicate that "zanīm" carries a negative connotation, referring to individuals who, due to improper behavior, false lineage, or
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Excessive consumption of fuel in greenhouse crops has caused irreparable damage to the environment and ultimately human health. Therefore, the present study highlights the need to change mental patterns regarding the type and method of optimal fuel consumption. The present study aimed to psychologically analyze greenhouse keepers' environmental behavior using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the research consisted of greenhouse cucumber growers in Kerman province, Iran (4946 people), of whom 356 were selected as a sample using the cluster sampling method. The sample size was estimated using the Karjesi and Morgan table. Data were collected using a structured and researcher-made questionnaire, and its validity and reliability (α= 0.91-0.94) were confirmed using various indices. Smart-PLS3 software was utilized to test the research hypotheses. The research findings indicated that the effects of three variables attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on intention were statistically significant. Additionally, based on the results of structural equation modeling, intention significantly mediated the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Furthermore, the independent variables were able to account for 32% and 51% of the variance in behavioral intention and environmental behavior of greenhouse keepers in optimal fuel consumption, respectively. Given that sustained intrinsic motivation or strong intentions are necessary for maintaining long-term behavior, it is recommended that policies and programs focusing on the development and evaluation of behavioral interventions to promote fuel consumption behaviors be broadly centered on strengthening the intentions of greenhouse keepers. Under favorable conditions and with incentives, individuals are more likely to engage in optimal fuel consumption. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for government agencies, policymakers, agricultural extension and education agents, and researchers interested in devising strategies to reduce fossil fuel consumption.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Sweet potato is one of the most important root crop worldwide. This study aimed to compare agro-morphological characteristics of four sweet potato varieties (Martina, Janja, Lučka, Purple Speclet) from organic farming with additional information about their genetic background. A total of 26 agro-morphological traits were evaluated during vegetation. Pre-grown seedlings were planted in organic fields during the 2021 growing season using the soil ridge cultivation method. The study showed significant differences between varieties in quantitative (except for the extent and intensity of anthocyanin colouration on abaxial veins) and qualitative traits (except for the number and length of primary shoots and internode diameter). The varieties Lučka and Martina proved to be significantly higher yielding compared to the other two varieties. The genetic background of the varieties was evaluated on 8 SSR loci using allele polymorphisms with a total number of 34 different alleles and an average polymorphic information content of 0.60. The favourable informativeness of the selected markers was confirmed by the global genetic diversity of 0.68. The assignment of each genotype to two genetic groups agrees well with the varietal distribution in the phylogenetic tree and the results of the analysis of the genetic structure (Martina/Janja and Lučka/Purple Speclet). The present study contributes to a better knowledge of the sweet potato varieties considered and their agro-morphological and genetic diversity.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of bananas is a serious disease affecting banana plantations worldwide. In an effort to sustainably manage the disease, biological control is considered a promising alternative to agrochemicals that can cause detrimental effects on humans and the ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the biological control potential of the present collection of beneficial bacteria which includes Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AM2, Streptomyces morookaensis NRRL B-12429, Bacillus velezensis B4158, B. atrophaeus B363B, and B. amyloliquefaciens B942 against the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease in banana, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) through a dual culture assay and a greenhouse experiment. The inhibition range in vitro was between 31.0 to 42.1%, and the highest growth inhibition of Foc TR4 was observed for L. plantarum AM2. Infected banana plantlets that received the treatment with L. plantarum AM2 also showed a significant reduction in disease severity index as low as 24% compared to treatment with other beneficial bacteria. This study showed that L. plantarum AM2 has a good antagonistic effect on Foc TR4 mycelial growth and the most potential to control Fusarium wilt disease in bananas.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
The issue of climate change and its associated water security challenges has become a growing concern for Iran, particularly in its agricultural sector. Increasing population, rising demand for agricultural products, and the need for food security exacerbate these challenges. This study highlights the risks posed by reduced precipitation, rising temperatures, and inefficient water management practices, including heavy reliance on groundwater and outdated irrigation systems. It emphasizes the urgent need for modern irrigation technologies, such as water recycling (NEWater), and robust governance reforms to improve water use efficiency, analyzed through the HES framework. The study concludes that adopting a comprehensive, long-term strategy, incorporating technological innovations, localized water management practices, and enhanced governance, can mitigate the impacts of climate change and ensure the sustainable use of water resources in Iran's agricultural sector.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
The beet cyst nematode (BCN) (Heterodera schachtii), and beet curly top virus-severe (BCTV-Svr) (Curtovirus betae) are two important pathogens of sugar beet fields worldwide. Therefore, the reaction of 14 genotypes was separately assessed, using Jolgeh and Sanetta cultivars as susceptible and resistant controls, respectively, in completely randomized design experiments for BCN and BCTV-Svr. Reactions were based on the cyst and egg counts and symptoms severity index. Experiments were performed in the greenhouse of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, and were repeated twice independently. Based on the results of initial experiments, the S1-960090, S1-940324, S1-960294, and S1-960284 genotypes resistant to the BCN were selected for further investigation. Furthermore, the reaction of the four selected genotypes to BCN, BCTV-Svr, and the combination (mixture) of the two pathogens was evaluated by analyzing their growth, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, and virus accumulation. Resistant genotypes showed higher levels of defense-related enzymes such as catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase, whereas susceptible genotypes exhibited significant reductions in photosynthesis, greenness, and chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid content compared to non-inoculated and resistant plants. This is the first study conducted to search for dual-resistance sources against two devastating pathogens that frequently occur in the sugar beet-growing regions of Iran. Based on the results of this experiment, genotypes S1-960090 and S1-940324 were identified as resistant to both pathogens and are recommended for breeding purposes.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Fresh fish is a highly perishable food item and spoils easily. In this research, after investigating the antioxidant properties of the Eryngium Campestre extract (Ece), its effect along with the sodium alginate coating was evaluated on the shelf-life of rainbow trout under refrigerated conditions (4°C) for 12 days. To assess the antioxidant properties of the extract, tests such as DPPH, total phenolics, reducing power, and ABTS were performed. Subsequently, samples treated with an Ece containing alginate coating applied via spray method were analyzed for chemical parameters (TBA, TVN, and pH) , microbiological parameters (total psychrotrophic and mesophilic bacteria), and sensory evaluations at four day intervals up to the 12 day. The results indicated that Ece possessed significant antioxidant properties. Furthermore, treatments that included the extract combined with the sodium alginate coating significantly reduced pH, TVN, and TBA levels compared to the control sample (p<0.05). Microbial tests indicated that all treated samples inhibited bacterial growth when compared to the control sample, with a reduction of approximately 3 log CFU/g compared to the control group. In the sensory evaluation, treatments containing Ece and sodium alginate yielded more favorable results than those of the control group. According to the obtained results coating the samples with sodium alginate and Ece improved the microbial, chemical, and sensory properties and shelf life of rainbow trout in refrigerator conditions by about four days.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, essential oils are used as natural preservatives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial activity of emulsion and nanoemulsion forms of Salvia officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, Dracocephalum moldavica, and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils. The Agar well-diffusion assay results obtained from the experiment suggested that nanoemulsion of Dracocephalum moldavica essential oil had the maximum antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic microorganisms drawn in the experiment. The inhibition zone diameters of the nanoemulsion of this essential oil against Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus were 11.03, 11.82, 13.02, 13.13, 13.13, 13.62, and 14.10 mm, respectively. In contrast, the inhibition zone diameters of the emulsion form of this essential oil against S. dysenteriae, S. Typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, and B. cereus were 9.66, 10.34, 10.84, 11.84, 11.34, 11.17, and 11.24 mm, respectively. The major components of Dracocephalum moldavica essential oil included geraniol (27.24%), geranial (10.75%), alpha-copaene (8.16%), alpha-pinene (7.37%), carvacrol (7.41%), limonene (6.86%), and nerol (6.45%). The nanoemulsion form of the essential oils investigated thus possessed a significantly greater antioxidant potential compared to their emulsion form. This study also demonstrated that the nanoemulsions exhibited significantly lower IC50 values compared to the emulsions. From the results, it was seen that the nanoemulsion form of Dracocephalum moldavica essential oil had the lowest IC50 and EC50 values of 22.17 µg/ml and 4.51 µg/ml, respectively.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Raisins are a key export commodity due to their nutritional value and global demand. This study evaluates the worldwide raisin industry's competitive advantages and market structure using data from the International Trade Center (2004–2023). Employing Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Concentration Ratio (CR), Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), and Trade Competitiveness Index (TCI), the analysis identifies Turkey, the United States, Iran, and Chile as leading exporters, accounting for 64.5% of the market share. Results indicate an oligopolistic market structure with concentrated competition among a few nations. Turkey, the United States, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Iran exhibit strong RSCA values (near 1), reflecting expertise in raisin exports, while Turkey, Iran, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Argentina show high TCI scores, indicating robust competitiveness. The study highlights shifts in market dynamics, with emerging exporters like Afghanistan challenging traditional leaders. To enhance their global position, exporters should improve production efficiency, diversify markets, and invest in branding. These findings contribute to understanding trade competitiveness and market evolution in agricultural exports, offering strategic insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (in press 2024)
Abstract
The design of earthquake-resistant structures and the reduction of damages caused by them have always been considered. One of the ways to reduce earthquake vibrations in steel frames is to use cable braces. In addition, one of the ways to improve the behavior of the structure against seismic loads is the use of dampers. In this research, magnetorheological damper and cable brace are used simultaneously. To check the effectiveness of the proposed system, four steel frames including, a steel frame without cables and dampers, a steel frame with cable braces, a steel frame with magnetorheological dampers and, a steel frame with cable braces along with magnetorheological dampers, which have one-span and two spans, were selected and the behavior of this frame Assuming different conditions, under nonlinear static lateral load and seismic loads, it has been checked in SAP2000 software. By examining the results obtained from the nonlinear static analysis of the case of a one span, it is concluded that the steel frame with cable brace and magnetorheological damper reduces the lateral displacement of the frame and often the internal forces of the beam and column more than other frames. gives by examining the results of the time-history dynamic analysis of one-span and two-span conditions, it is concluded that the proposed system reduces the lateral displacement of the frame and the internal forces of the beam and column more than other frames in most of the investigated earthquakes. In other words, using the proposed systems improves the performance of the structure against lateral loads.
