Social institutions in the Islamic society of the Prophet era were formed while observing the position of women and their presence in various fields. Granting human values to women and enhancing their social standing in Islamic society, has led to the emergence of Islamic norms in line with Qoranic values, based on divine teachings concerning the promotion of women's status in society. Removing barriers to women's social presence and removing social prohibitions and correcting ignorant assumptions about women have opened up new social arenas for women's active participation and the humiliation of the ignorant age has given way to human values and cultural encouragement, which has led to empathetic and active women in various social aspects such as scientific, cultural, governmental, political, and economic spheres. Accordingly, this thesis attempts to study the role of women in the history of the Prophet's era, based on Qoranic and prophetic roles, and to identify their presence in the development of Medina's social institutions and factors affecting them and describe the growth of women's cultural and social struggles in this field through a descriptive-analytical approach and answer the questions.

Following the improvement of social status and human rights of women in the context of paradigm shift and discourse of European culture in recent centuries and the transfer of its intellectual achievements to the Islamic world, the problem of women became one of the important sociological problems in the Islamic world. In the Islamic world, due to the complexity of issues and the hegemony of religious discourse, an essential part of women’s issues belongs to the field of religion. Nevertheless, with women becoming a problem and other native challenges for Muslim thinkers; Scholars have shifted to interdisciplinary and specialized studies in women affairs. As one of the neo-Mu'tazilite thinkers, Hamed Abu Zayd deals with the problem of women by using sciences like sociology, linguistics and, adoption approaches such as humanism and methods like hermeneutics and a new look at the interpretation of the Quran. This research is searching for the components of Abu Zayd interpretation and his solution to the women's problem. He believes the contemporary challenges of Muslim women are not rooted in the Quran but are rooted in masculine traditions, the dominance of the patriarchal atmosphere. By stating "the problem of women is essentially a social problem" he separates it from religious affairs and intends to follow the Quranic view of women, pay attention to the historicity of the scripture and ultimately resort to secularism in legislation to solve it. This research has used a descriptive-analytical method based on content analysis to receive the opinion of Abu Zayd.