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Aims: Daily consumption of milk containing antibiotic residues has become a great public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic residues in cattle raw milk using Copan milk test and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) kits.
Materials & Methods: In this study, 92 milk samples were collected from Qazvin province, Iran in two seasons during 2019. All the samples were analyzed by the Copan milk test and competitive ELISA kits to evaluate gentamicin, tetracycline, tylosin, chloramphenicol, penicillin, and sulfonamide residues in milk.
Findings: The results showed that 45 milk samples (48.91%) were positive for the presence of antibiotic residues. Samples collected in summer were significantly (p<.05) more contaminated with antibiotic residues (30.43%) than those collected in winter (18.47%). The highest mean contamination was related to sulfonamide (13.72±1.21 ng/mL), followed by gentamicin (13.24±2.81 ng/mL) and tylosin (13.15±1.37 ng/mL) residues, and the lowest mean contamination was related to penicillin residues (0.007±0.002 ng/mL). The limit of detection (LOD) was 2, 2.5, 0.02, 8, 0.4, 0.08, and 13 ng/mL for gentamicin, tylosin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethazine, tetracycline, penicillin, and flumequine, respectively. Chloramphenicol residues were above the maximum residue limit (MRL) according to the Codex and European Commission (EC) (0 ng/mL) in all the samples. Sulfonamides residues were above the Codex MRL (25 ng/mL) in 33.33% of the samples.
Conclusion: The results shows that monitoring of antibiotic residues in milk and dairy products is necessary. Indeed, examining the amount of antibiotic residues in dairy products could be an important aspect of their monitoring.

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analysis of Korosh Safavi's researches about Indian style

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This study aims to investigate and analyze the realization of grounding in the form of foregrounding and back grounding in Persian-children’s narratives according to linguistic devices of aspect (perfective/imperfective) and voice of verb (active/passive) and also the effect of age on using these devices.
To investigate how foregrounding and back grounding are accomplished in Persian-speaking children’s narratives by linguistic devices of aspect (perfective/imperfective) and voice of verb (active/passive) two Hickmann’s (2004) pictorial stories were used. Three groups of school monolingual Persian-speaking children of age 7, 9, 11 and a control group of adults, at age 30 (each group consisting of 10 female subjects) took part in this study. The subjects were tested individually. They were asked to narrate two pictorial stories for one of the researchers. All the narratives (80 narratives, from two pictorial stories) were recorded by a voice recorder. Then, they were transcribed, described and analyzed by SPSS software.
Results showed that the use of perfective and imperfective aspects had a meaningful relationship in the three groups of children, that is, the use of perfect aspect in foreground decreased while that of imperfect aspect increased with an increase in the age. On the contrary, in adult group, the use of perfect aspect in foreground increased but that of imperfect aspect decreased. The same relationship was observed in background. Moreover, the use of active voice of verb was more dominant than that of passive voice of verb in the narratives. No meaningful relationship was observed between the use of passive voice of verb in foreground and background on one hand, and the participants’ age, on the other hand. Based on the results of Chi-square test, there was a significant relationship between perfective and imperfective aspects in foreground and also in background and the age of the narrators (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between the use of passive voice of verb in foreground and background and the age of the narrators (p < 0.05). Thus, the first two null hypotheses of the study were rejected, and the third one was accepted.

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Genus Lentinula comprises some of the most important edible and medicinal fungal species of the world. To compare growth rate of the strains of this genus, samples were collected from different regions of the world including Iran during 2017-2018. Investigation of the growth of 40 strains on two substrates containing malt and wheat straw extracts showed their relatively excellent performance on both media. Based on preliminary growth characteristics of the strains, 20 strains were selected to study their growth rate on natural substrate containing defined proportion of straw (40%) + sawdust (40%) + wheat bran (20%). Three strains including VM230 (UK strain), VM267 (Belgium strain) and VM353 (Japanese strain) showed high growth rate (65.25, 63.75 and 64.50 mm d^-1, respectively), and were identified as Lentinula edodes by ITS4 and ITS5 sequencing. Growth rate of the best strain (VM230) was evaluated on different substrates containing different proportions of straw, sawdust and wheat bran. The highest growth rate (58.75 mm d^-1) for VM230 was recorded on wheat straw (80%) + wheat bran (20%). These three strains are promising for commercial production of Shiitake.
 

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There have been disagreements on the number of original Khayyam’s Quatrains (rubaiyat). Stylistics approaches can help to distinguish the original Quatrains. The prosody has the ability to show some stylistic characteristics. Although the main goal of this study is to find the prosodic style of Khayyam’s Quatrains by determining the Frequency of prosodic factors, there was no way to study prosody of Quatrains in general. The history of finding the main meter of Quatrain is studied in critical view. The results show that the frequencies of prosodic factors is effective and useful in realizing Khayyam’s personal style. Some prosodic factors have high frequencies and others have low frequencies: three long syllables is not used as the first foot generally; In the second foot, two short syllables are not substituted with one long syllable. %95 of Quatrains have composed in just 4 meters. 256 prosodic patterns could be distinguished on the whole.

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Surge and rotating stall phenomena are two dynamic instabilities that occur in both axial and centrifugal compressors. Surge is the stream instability phenomenon in compressor that imposes severe damages to the compressors. Nowadays, suppressing surge phenomenon is one of the most important issues in oil and gas industries, especially when flow reduction or gas reflux is considered. This research seeks to extract the required technical information about control lines, surge lines, and to present a new combined method to determine the performance curve of 6 rows of gas compressors in Asmari Kupal gas pressure boost station (National Iranian South Oil Company) made in Germany by MAN BORSIG Company, and to design a smart controller in order to increase the reliability of the control system and improve the machine performance. Finally, the system performance validity is shown by simulating a surge characteristic curve and implementing two points of the compressor operation condition  

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Surge is one of the two destructive factors in compressors. surge is the stream instability phenomenon in compressor that imposes severe damages to the compressors. Nowadays, suppressingsurge phenomenon is one of the most important issues in oil and gas industries, especially when flow reduction or gas reflux is considered. According to Moore-Greitzer compressor model, this paper designs an active controller for surge control in constant speed centrifugal compressors. As such, the applied operator considered for surge control is Close Couple Valve (CCV) and it is designed to stabilize a centrifugal compressor system with disturbaces using nonlinear predictive controller. The proposed controller, without any information about the amount of Throttle Valve variations, could control the surge instability and reduce the distance between compressor operation point and the surge line. Finally, the compressor system with controller is simulated and the obtained results will show the efficiency of the designed nonlinear predictive controller

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The present study deals with modeling the effects of bentonite (1.5-5 g/lit) and gelatin concentrations (0.02-0.08 g/lit) along with time (30-80 min) at constant temperature and pH on color, turbidity, adjusted purity, ash and invert sugar content of purified raw sugar-beet juice through face-centered central composite design of response surface methodology and to optimize these key parameters of the process. Our main goal was focused around the possibility to produce invert sugar directly from raw sugar-beet juice in conjunction with an alternate purification process in comparison with the conventional lime process used industrially. In this connection, second-order polynomial models were developed for dependent responses using least-square fit of regression analysis. The correlation coefficients of the developed response surface models were determined to be 0.90, 0.84, 0.90, 0.92, and 0.99 respectively for color, turbidity, ash content, adjusted purity, and invert sugar value of purified juice. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that all three independent parameters investigated have significant influence on raw beet-juice purity indexes. The optimum conditions were based on minimization of color, turbidity and ash content and maximization of invert sugar and adjusted purity at a constant temperature (75˚C) and pH (4.5) and it was found to be at bentonite concentration of 1.55g/lit, gelatin concentration of 0/04g/lit and reaction time of 68.6 min. At this optimum point, color, turbidity, ash, adjusted purity and invert sugar content were found to be 1973 ICU₄₂₀, 1.06 NTU, 0.54 %, 91.4 %, and 1.95 %, respectively.  

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the addressee’s power and gender on the choice of the type and number of encouragement strategies employed by Persian male and female university students based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory.  A number of 60 M.A. students (30 males and 30 females) from the University of Sistan and Baluchestan participated in this study. Discourse completion test and role play technique were utilized as two data gathering instruments. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Independent-T test (p<.05). The results indicated there was a significant relationship between the addressee’s power and the type as well as the number of encouragement strategies employed by male and female university students. The most frequent strategy type was the “negative politeness” giving deference for the addressee with higher power (the professor). As to the number of strategies, the most and less frequent ones were the combination of two and nine strategies, respectively. The addressee’s gender had an effect on the type of the strategies used by male students in three situations; while it didn’t have any effect on the number of strategies used by male students and also on the type and number of strategies employed by female students. The most frequent strategy type used by female students was the “positive politeness” and the combination of three strategies for male and female addressees; by male students: “positive politeness” for male addressees and “negative politeness” and the combination of two strategies for female addressees.


1. Introduction
Interpersonal interactions and how they are formed play a significant role in human social life. One way to interact is through using different speech acts. Many factors can involve in making use of politeness principle in interacting and communicating. In life and social interactions, human beings use various speech acts such as request, agreement, disagreement, swearing, giving advice and encouragement in order to express their meaning. One of the most important and effective theories in pragmatics field is Austin’s speech act theory. He believes that every sentence may have a performative feature and also it has an action within it; therefore, every sentence should be considered within its context (Austin, 1962). Employing the speech acts depends on various factors such as language characteristics and socio-cultural frameworks. Among these factors, politeness is one of the crucial factors in interpersonal communications in different societies and cultures. Politeness can be represented in various aspects of behavior based on the factors such as the addressee’s social status, power, and gender in using speech acts. One of the most widely used speech acts among their various range in interpersonal interactions is the encouragement speech act. If this speech act is appropriately used in the right context, it will have important effects on relations between individuals as well as on saving face based on power and gender of the addressee. Thus based on what is mentioned and according to the importance and impact of the encouragement speech act in every person’s social life, the type and number of encouragement strategies and the effect of the addressee’s power and gender on the use of this speech act by Persian language male and female university students can be investigated and analyzed based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory. The research data were gathered via two data collection tools including discourse completion test (DCT) and role-play technique. The hypotheses of the present study are as follows:
1. Due to the addressee’s power, there is a significant difference in the useage of the type of encouragement speech act strategies among Persian-speaking male and female university students.
2. Due to the addressee’s power, there is a significant difference in the usage of the number of encouragement speech act strategies among Persian-speaking male and female university students
3. Due to the addressee’s gender, there is a significant difference in the usage of the type of encouragement speech act strategies among Persian-speaking male and female university students.
4. Due to the addressee’s gender, there is a significant difference in the usage of the number of encouragement speech act strategies among Persian-speaking male and female university students.

2. Literature Review
By considering linguistic, cultural, and social characteristics of language, different speech acts have been examined by many researchers. Rahimpour and Yaghubi Noutash (1999) investigated the impact of gender and subject on speech act in English language learners. Amou Ali Akbari Najafabadi (2007) has conducted a research to examine the Social-interpersonal power and politeness strategies in Persian. Pishgadam and Rasouli (2011) examined the persuasion speech act strategies among Iranian language learners by considering speaker’s gender. Zeynali Dastuyee (2012) studied the effect of addressee’s power and gender on the type and number of apology and refusal strategies employed by Sarawani university students. Shafaghi (2013) investigated the promise speech act and the use of promise in political discourse. Pishghadam and Attaran (2015) studied the speech act of argumentation in English and Persian advertisements. Azarparand (2019) has investigated changes in addressing strategies based on Brown and Levinson's Politeness theory. This case study research has been conducted in Tehran University among Iranian lecturers and students.

3. Methodology
In the present study, the effect of the gender and power of addressee variables on the choice of politeness strategies in encouragement speech act in Persian language is investigated. This study is a descriptive-analytical research. A number of 60 M.A. students (30 males and 30 females) from the University of Sistan and Baluchestan participated in this study. Their age was ranged from 23 to 34 years old. They had an average age of 25 years. All subjects were randomly selected, were monolingual, and Persian-speaking postgraduate students who were studying in different fields of study. Discourse completion test (DCT) and role play technique were utilized as two data gathering devices. The questionnaire which was used in the study was a researcher-made one. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Independent T-test.

4. Results
The present study examined the encouragement speech act based on two determining variables including the power and the gender of the addressee in different contexts. The findings of the study show that the addressee’s power can be an important and effective factor in the selection of the type and number of the encouragement strategies. The most frequent strategy type is the “negative politeness” strategy. In addition, the addressee’s power has an effect on the number of the encouragement strategies employed by male and female university students. As the power of the addressee increases, the use of more complex strategies becomes more and simple strategies are utilized in dealing with the addressee with low power. As to the number of the strategies, the most frequent and less frequent ones are the combination of two and nine strategies respectively. The results also indicate that the gender of the addressee affects the type of the encouragement strategies used by male university students while, it doesn’t affect the number of strategies used by male students. It also doesn’t have any effect on the type and number of the strategies used by female university students. Also, data analysis reveals that there is no significant relationship between the addressee’s gender and the number of the encouragement strategies. In other words, the addressee’s gender has no effect on the number of the encouragement strategies used by male and female university students

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Leguminosae is one of the most important plant families. In this study, we searched Arachis hypogaea, Glycine max, G. soja, Lotus japonicas, Medicago truncatula, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Vigna unguiculata conserved miRNAs through Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) based-homology method. All candidate sequences with appropriate fold-back structures were screened and characterized according to several filtering criteria. Chromosomal MIR locus and their distributions determined. The Dollo maximum parsimony was employed to construct the species relationship based on the MIR birth and death. Also, the number of MIRs gains and losses in the evolutionary process. In addition, we estimated the numbers of MIRs in their ancestral species using Dollo maximum parsimony in their phylogenetic tree. We found 414 novel miRNAs from 130 MIR families meeting the restricted filtering criteria. Either evolutionary time or the number of miRNAs gains and losses are estimated and characterized in the ancestral species based on the taxon-based phylogenetic tree. It speculates that gains of miRNA gene families within Leguminosae have accelerated during its evolutionary time. In addition, several taxon-specific MIR families find to assign diverse taxon and their species. Our thorough analyses resulted in the definition of some miRNA families as being lineage-specific. Therefore, they can use as markers in future systematic studies.

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This paper investigates the robust finite time stability and finite time stabilization for a class of uncertain switched systems which have time delay. The emphasis of the paper is on the cases where uncertainties are time varying and unknown but norm bounded. By using the average dwell time approach and multiple Lyapunov like functions, delay dependent sufficient conditions for finite time stability of uncertain switched systems with time delay in terms of a set of the linear matrix inequalities are presented. Then, the corresponding conditions are obtained for finite time stabilization of uncertain switched time delay systems via a state feedback controller. The controller is designed by virtue of the linear matrix inequalities and the cone complement linearization method. We solved the problem of uncertainty in uncertain switched time delay systems by resorting to Yakubovich lemma. Finally, numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed theorem.
 

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This paper investigates the leader-follower formation control problem of nonholonomic mobile robots based on backstepping technique composed with the bio-inspired neurodynamics while avoiding collision with obstacles. Kinematics model of robot and nonholonomic constraint are introduced and formation control scheme is formed based on backstepping technique. In order to solve velocity jump in backstepping kinematics model, the bio-inspired neurodynamic approach is used. In most of the previous studies, researches are used separation-bearing approach and also supposed that desired separation and bearing are constant. In this paper this assumption is relaxed and desired separation and bearing are considered to be time varying. Error dynamics equations are derived and a new controller is proposed. Also an auxiliary reference angular velocity control law is proposed to guarantee global asymptotic stability of the followers and local asymptotic stability of the entire formation according to direct method of Lyapunov. A common example of changing the formation is obstacle avoidance, when an obstacle is located within a follower path and is not in its leader path. Time varying functions for desired separation and bearing are chosen and the new controller is developed with its proof of stability. Simulations results reveal that each follower robot can track its real time leader employing the proposed kinematic controller while avoiding obstacles. Furthermore control inputs at the start moment and also while avoiding obstacles, do not contain impractical jumps and are reasonable thanks to integrating bio-inspired neurodynamic with backstepping technique.

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The aim of this study was to determine the kinetics, effective moisture diffusivity, activation energy, specific energy consumption, and also predict the moisture content of white mulberry during the drying process with microwave-hot air dryer using mathematical models, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Drying process was accomplished in three temperature levels (40, 55, and 70°C), three inlet air velocity levels (0.5, 1 and 1.5 m/s) and three microwave power levels (270, 450 and 630 W). To estimate the moisture ratio of white mulberry, 10 mathematical models, ANN and ANFIS were used to fit the experimental data of thin-layer drying. The results showed, the maximum and minimum effective moisture diffusivity during drying was calculated 3.56×10-9 and 3.86×10-10 m2/s, respectively. Also, the minimum and maximum effective moisture diffusivity during drying was achieved 48.54 and 1380.88 Mj/kg, respectively. Among the mathematical models under study, the Page model was the best model for describing the behavior of the thin layer of white mulberry drying. The mean square error (MSE) values for the mathematical models, ANN, and ANFIS were 0.00059, 0.0052 and 0.0044, respectively. Therefore, the ANFIS model with the highest Correlation Coefficient (R2=0.99995), the least percentage of mean relative error (ε=1.84) and mean square error (MSE=0.0044) were used to evaluate the moisture ratio in comparison with other methods implemented in this research Selected as the best model

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In recent years, phytosterols have been widely used as an additive in foods to regulation cholesterol level in the plasma, in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The high melting point and insolubility in water and oil make it difficult to add phytosterols to food. In this study, microemulsion containing β-sitosterol with different formulations were prepared from sesame oil and tween 80 as surfactant and a mixture of ethanol/propylene glycol as cosurfactant; An ultrasonic homogenizer was used to reduce the particle size. Oil percentage and the ratio of surfactant: cosurfactant was changed in the samples to obtain an optimal formulation. The mean particle diameter was about 50 nm and lower. There was no significant relationship between β-sitosterol containing, mean diameter and polydispersity index of microemulsions (p>0.05). The mean particle diameter was increased when oil content and the ratio of surfactant: cosurfactant increased (p<0.05). Poly dispersity index of the samples were below 0.5. The viscosity and surface tension of the samples increased with the increase in oil content and β-sitosterol addition (p <0.05). The stability of the samples was also predicted at various temperatures. The best results were obtained for the sample containing 40% oil, with a surfactant: cosurfactant ratio of 2:1, and the addition of β-sitosterol did not have an adverse effect on the results.

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In this research, carrots were first cut into equal pieces and then subjected to different treatments at different levels. The voltage levels were at 40, 60 and 80 volt in ohmic pretreatment and at 3, 5, and 7 minutes. The parameters studied in the blanching pretreatment included time, with different levels of 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Immediately after pretreatment, samples were dried in microwaves at 360, 600 and 900 watts. Finally, for each case of microwave dried and pretreated samples and their different levels, the energy efficiency values and their lost energy were calculated. According to the results, in the majority of cases, we see that increasing the amount of microwave power increases the energy efficiency, and subsequently, the lost energy decreases, so that the maximum value was 15.8797%. In the study of the effect of voltage in the ohmic pretreatment, a similar result was obtained, with the highest energy efficiency of 15.7061%. Also, in evaluating the effect of time parameter in ohmic pretreatments, it was observed that with increasing pretreatment time, the amount of energy efficiency was also increased and the energy lost was reduced, so that the highest amount of energy efficiency and the lowest amount of energy lost were respectively 15.7409% and 8.2358 MJ were measured.

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In this paper a controller has been presented based on the predictive control to drive and control the bipedal Nao robot. One of the challenges in the practical applying of these types of controllers is their high computational loading and the time-consuming control operations in each time step, in which it is suggested to use Laguerre Functions to reduce the computational loading of the predictive controller. In this study, at first using the conventional methods for the identification, and via the real data obtained from the Nao robot in Mechatronics research center of Qazvin Azad University, a proper model is proposed for walking the Nao robot which is considered as a two-dimensional motion in the plane. Then a controller will be designed to control the robot motion using the model based predictive controller. The purpose of this control approach in the first place is to stabilize the walking of the robot and then to guide and keep it on the desired trajectory, so that this trajectory tracking can be performed well as much as possible. Moreover, in order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed controller, this controller has been compared with a proportional-integral-derivative controller and will be studied. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller performance in the robot trajectory tracking, which finally comparing the obtained results from both of the control approaches, indicates the efficiency and different capabilities of the proposed method in this study.

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Sliding mode control technique is one of the well-recognized non-linear control methods. This method has an advantage like robustness against uncertainties. However, chattering phenomenon constraints the performance of closed loop system. To increase its efficiency, a fuzzy compensator is used along with this method. The fuzzy compensator weights are updated by using adaptive rules. The adaptation rate acts as a controlling coefficient. Therefore, the bigger amount of it increases the adaptation speed of weights which leads to the improvement of closed loop system performance. As a result, the probability of instability of closed loop system increases, too. In this study, it has been proposed to use a parallel fuzzy system along with the main fuzzy system in order to control its weights' adaptation. Moreover, a non-linear model of the electro-hydraulic system has been introduced as a case study. Finally, the performance of closed loop system and the efficiency of the proposed methods have been investigated by using numerical simulations.

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In this study, first extraction from the C. dactylon rhizomes was performed with methanol solvent using maceration method, and total phenolic compounds in the extract were identified and determined. Then the antioxidant effects of the extract in different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 ppm) on the oxidative stability factors of soybean oil including peroxide value, acidity value, thiobarbituric acid index (TBA) and rancimat value during kept of oil in an oven at 60 °C for 72 hours was evaluated and compared with the synthetic antioxidant BHT (200 ppm). The identification results of phenolic compounds by GC/MS showed that the total amount of phenolic compounds in the C. dactylon rhizomes extract was measured as 917.08 mg/kg and the major phenolic compounds of the extract including Hydroquinone (66.89%), Thymol (1.23%), Levoglucosenone (2.48%) and Vanillic acid (1.35%) were identified. With increasing the concentration of the extract, the amount of polyphenolic compounds and as a result, the free radical scavenging activity of the extract increased. Evaluation of soybean oil stability against oxidation also showed that among the studied concentrations of methanolic extract, the concentration of 1000 ppm due to having the highest amount of phenolic compounds and therefore the highest antioxidant activity, was determined as the most effective concentration level of the extract in increasing the oxidative stability of soybean oil, so that better results were obtained than BHT synthetic antioxidant at a concentration of 200 ppm. Thus, the methanolic extract of the C. dactylon rhizomes can be used as a cheap and available antioxidant source in the edible oils industry.