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Showing 10 results for Jafary


Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract

The probiotic effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger on the feeding efficiency, body composition, ammonia excretion, blood serum enzymes and the intestinal microbiota of juvenile beluga, Huso huso was investigated. The fish (31.8±2.81g) were randomly allocated into 12 oval tanks at a density of 30 individuals per tank with three replicates for each treatment,. The fish were fed either a basal diet (as control) or the diet supplemented with S. cerevisiae and A. niger (2×106, 4×106 and 6×106 cells g-1) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the probiotic supplemented diet at 6×106 (cells g-1) significantly improved FCR and other nutritional indicators compared to the control treatment (p<0.05). Significant improvements (p<0.05) were also observed in ammonia excretion and blood serum enzymes between treatments. Total viable fungus and Lactobacillus spp. count were significantly improved in treatment compared to control (p<0.05). These results indicated that S. cerevisiae and A. niger improved feeding performance and blood serum enzymes of beluga.

Volume 3, Issue 3 (12-2014)
Abstract

In a completely randomized design, the effects of two probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis and B. lactis at four concentrations of 0 (control), 1×109 (T1), 2×109 (T2) and 3×109 (T3) CFU 100g-1 on nutritional parameters of rainbow trout fry (0.538 ± 0.197 g body weight) were compared for 60 days, with each treatment carried in three replications. A significant difference was observed between treatments and the control in protein and lipid gain and also body composition (p<0.05). Despite a significant difference of metabolic growth rate in T1 and T2 with T3 and the control, no significant difference was observed between T3 and the control. The results demonstrated that the use of thesebacteria could improve nutritional parameters and metabolic growth rate of rainbow trout fry.

Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract

In a completely randomized experiment, the effect of Daphnia magna meal on growth performance and carcass composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae (body weight 0.538±0.197 g) was evaluated for a period of 60 days. Five diets with the same protein content (crude protein 52.70%) were prepared, including two diets containing fermented daphnia meal T1 (20%), T2 (30%), two diets containing raw meal T3 (20%) and T4 (30%), and a basal diet without daphnia meal as the control. The bacterial species used for fermenting included five commercial probiotic species. Fermented daphnia meal brought about significantly higher growth and the lowest feed conversion ratios, viz. T1 (1.27 ± 0.35) and T2 (1.31 ± 0.46), in comparison with T3 (1.38 ± 0.37), T4 (1.41 ± 0.42) and the control (1.84 ± 0.69) (p<0.05). The result of carcass composition analyzes showed that the highest protein percentage (68.23 ± 0.48%) was in T2 and the highest percentage of fat and energy (11.26 ± 0.50% , 4761.63 ±48.88 Cal g-1) were in T4 (p<0.05). The overall results of this experiment indicated that daphnia could be considered as a suitable partial protein source in rainbow trout larval feed.

Volume 8, Issue 2 (2-2019)
Abstract

The antibiosis, host preference in free-choice situation, and digestive enzyme activity of Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were evaluated in the laboratory (25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% R. H. with a 14-h day) on nine host plants: broccoli, canola (leaf, flower, and pod), cauliflower, kohlrabi, radish, red cabbage and white cabbage. The antibiosis test was based on life table parameters and the experiment started with 50 replicates for each host plant using clip cages. The immature survival varied from 34% on red cabbage to 78% on cauliflower. The viviparous aphids reared on rapeseed (flower) had the highest GRR and R0 values, and those on red cabbage had the lowest GRR and R0 values. Also, aphids reared on rapeseed (flower) had significantly higher rm value. The lowest rm value was obtained when individuals fed upon red cabbage. In host preference experiment, rapeseed (leaf) attracted the significantly higher number of adults as opposed to radish, which attracted the lower number of adults. Females who came from nymphs reared on rapeseed (flower) were heavier than other hosts. The growth index of nymphs varied from 0.035 to 0.103, with the minimum on red cabbage and the maximum on cauliflower. The amylolytic activity in adults was higher on rapeseed (flower) and the lowest on red cabbage. In addition, the highest and lowest proteolytic activity was on rapeseed (flower) and red cabbage, respectively. The results of this study indicated that red cabbage was an unsuitable host for feeding of B. brassicae.


Volume 8, Issue 2 (Spring 2019)
Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematological parameters in Cyprinus carpio juvenile feeding of Basilli sp. probiotics in the condition of before and after long distance transports.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental research, 180 carp juvenile were stocked in 2 tanks (capacity 400-L) for 45 days. Fish juvenile in one tank was feeding with multi-strain probiotic (Protexin) were used at a concentration of 1×107 CFU/ liter and fish in the other tank was not consumed probiotic. At the end of the feeding trial, the carp juvenile from both treatments randomly were packed in plastic bags (40-L) at the density of 1kg/bag (~20 fish/bag). The juvenile feeding previously from probiotic were packed in 2 treatments with/or without of NaCl in water. Also, the juvenile feed of the control tank was packed in bags as the control. The bags unpacked after 12h and blood samples were taken from 10 fish in each replicate and hematological parameters were compared among the groups.
Findings: Results indicate that WBC, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC and leukocytes differential count are affected by after transport stress and before the catching (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the amounts of RBC and hemoglobin in experimental treatments (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results, finding of this study indicated that feeding of common carp juvenile with Basilli sp. probiotics had positive effects on blood parameters after long-distance transportation in plastic baggage, thereby if used in diet, it can be good alternatives to salt.

Volume 9, Issue 1 (Winter 2020)
Abstract

Aims: The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of three commercial prebiotics A-Max, Celmanax and Ultra (each of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg diets) on growth, feed performance and blood biochemical compounds of beluga juvenile.
Materials & Methods: 900 fish with average weight of 21.5± 0.89 gr feeding was performed in 9 treatments (which on with three replicate) for 60 days. Control treatment was without supplementation. Fish were fed to satiation triple daily of 5% body weight. At the end of this period, the feed and growth performance were measured.
Findings: There was a significantly higher final body weight in ultra 0.5 (90.00± 21.78 g) compared with control (37.50± 9.60 g). The highest and lowest of food conversion were in treatments control and ultra (0.5), respectively. The results showed that the highest Fat and protein efficiency ratio was obtained in Ultra 0.5 (2.19± 0.77 and 7.37± 2.60) and lowest in control. Generally, the best treatments were in groups: Celmanax (dose of 0.5), A-Max (dose of 1.5) and Ultra (0.5). In addition, after determining the proper dose, blood samples were collected fish in the above-mentioned treatments. Based on the results of blood biochemistry parameters, there were no significant difference AST, ALP and ALT activity, so that the highest amount was obtained in the control. There were no significant differences in protein and cortisol experiment groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that the use of prebiotics in juvenile sturgeon diet has positive effects on feed performance and blood biochemical parameters.

Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract

Because of the importance of osmoregulation in success of the juvenile Caspian Roach (Rutilus caspicus) release, maintenance and their restoration, this study was performed with the aim of the evaluation of these fish (average weight of 1.4 g± 0.018 g) to the salinity tolerance of the Caspian Sea by abrupt and gradual transfer methods on two different occasions of short-term (24 hours) and long-term (21 days). For this reason, 360 juvenile roaches were distributed to 9 different experimental treatments (each of them with 3 replicates) with 1) increased abrupt salinity (direct transfer to the Caspian Sea water), 2) increased gradual salinity (3 ppt for every 24 hrs) and 3) the Control group (freshwater). In order to evaluate the ion regulation, osmolality, Na+, K+ and Cl- were measured in fish. Some immune responses related to the increased salinity (immunoglobulin and lysozyme) and stress indices (cortisol and glucose) were also measured. Based on the obtained results, the fish in both treatments of increased salinity showed high percentage of survival. All parameters related to ion regulation were decreased after a primary increase. Furthermore, the trend of cortisol and immunoglobulin changes were negatively correlated showing decreased stress response and increased immune system for both salinity transfer methods. Thus, the roach juveniles (1-2 g) are able to be transferred into the Caspian Sea directly.

Volume 16, Issue 5 (7-2016)
Abstract

Grasping in unstructured environments is one of the most challenging issues currently facing robotics. The inherent uncertainty about the properties of the target object and its surroundings makes the use of robot hands, which typically involve complex hands, require elaborate sensor suites, and are difficult to control. For this purpose, in this paper combining the kinematic structure of a three and two links finger for design and fabrication of robotic gripper will be evaluated. At first, the challenges associated with grasping by careful mechanical design of gripper was analyzed. Then, will be described the design and fabrication of a sample gripper with combining a three-links finger similar to the human index finger and a two-links finger similar to the thumb. In the following, the performance of this hand for grasping various objects will be examined. The results show that with two fingers and simple design, without require to the complex control can grasp various objects successfully. Also the results demonstrate that compared with the previous researches and by proximity to the kinematic structure of the human hand fingers, by combining two with three link fingers this gripper will have a better performance than the previous symmetric gripper for successful grasping large objects.

Volume 23, Issue 3 (5-2021)
Abstract

Differential induction of genes in wheat (cv. Chamran) in response to Mycosphaerella graminicola was studied using cDNA-AFLP analysis. The three weeks old wheat seedlings were inoculated by the fungal pathogen, then the samples were collected at six time points (0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours) after inoculation with pathogen. By comparing the expression patterns of induced (infected) with non-induced (uninfected) plants, 276 differentially expressed fragments were identified and sequenced. Blast search of wheat genes assigned these sequences to different functional categories including defense, metabolism, energy, transcription, transport, signal transduction, stress response, secondary metabolism, and unknown sequences. Eight defense-related genes including lipoxygenase, peroxidase (PR 9), chitinase (PR 2, 4, 8) , PR-1, thaumatin-like protein (PR5), Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL), β-1-3 glucanase (PR3), disulfide isomerase, and methionine sulfoxide reductase were induced 12 to 24 hours after inoculation in this cultivar of wheat. Induction of glucosyltransferase, Catalase, and putative xylanase inhibitor genes were observed around 48 h after inoculation with pathogen. Expression patterns of the other three genes, i.e., chalcone synthase, EXECUTER 1 protein, and nonspecific lipid transfer protein showed that these genes were induced later after inoculation (72-96 hours). Our data showed that expression of the PR- proteins were enhanced 24 h after inoculation, suggesting that they may play a role in the defense against M. graminicola. Expression of lipoxygenase, glycosyltransferase, thaumatin like protein, putative xylanase inhibitor, EXECUTER 1 protein and Nonspecific lipid transfer protein are reported for the first time in this interaction.

Volume 27, Issue 3 (Fall 2023)
Abstract

Nowadays, by the increasing expansion of commercial contracts in the international arena, the use of multi-tiered dispute resolution clauses have been increased. These clauses have many functions for the parties compared to other judicial and arbitration methods. Identifying this issue is very useful in the practical procedure, assuming that the terms of the dispute resolution are binding, the arbitrator starts the arbitration regardless of the observance of these terms by the parties, the arbitration award is invalid due to the lack of competence of the arbitrator, or the violation of the terms is simply a matter of admissibility. A group is of the opinion that non-compliance with the condition of multi-tiered dispute resolution clauses directly affects the jurisdiction, and the arbitrator has exceeded the limits of his jurisdiction, subsequently the decision issued according to the law is null, and it has no legal effect. In contrast, some believe that this issue is related to the admissibility, which is a gentler approach and in line with respecting the sovereignty of the volition governance principle to resolve the dispute through arbitration and non-intervention of the court. Basically, their basis for supporting this theory is that the claim is merely defective in form, and the arbitration agreement between the parties is valid. Regarding the types of legal reactions to non-compliance with the conditions of dispute resolution, suspending the arbitration process at the same time as granting a deadline to comply with the pre-arbitration conditions is preferable to other solutions.
 

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