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Prepositions are linguistic elements that indicate the physical properties of referent and relatum and the geometry of the manner in which they interact with one another. Numerous studies have shown that prepositions in their abstract usages retain at least one of their spatial geometric features which is testimony to embodiment theory and it also suggests that understanding of abstract usages of prepositions can be better done by first studying the spatial usages of them. In this research we consider and analayse spatial geometry of different usages of Persain preposition /dᴂr/ applying Talmy's approach towards spatial structuring in language. Fourteen distinct usages were extracted from Hamshahri Corpus. The spatial geometry of each usage was analaysed and at least one image schema has been proposed for each usage. As a result of close study of various usages we observed that in all usages either the factor "enclosure" or "locus of control" or both are present in the geometry of  the preposition. In one instance we observed a tertiary reference object for locating the Figure in the scene. An investigation of one spatial geometry ascribed to the preposition /dᴂr/ led to suggesting a volumar schema for "way". Also in some usages the use of metonomy can be seen where part of the real Ground or an entity related to it appears as Ground in the sentence.
 

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The purpose of this study is to determine the type and frequency of lexical semantic relations between Persian and Arabic terms, and to investigate the meaning of Arabic terms in Persian. For this, Bozorg Sokhan dictionary and Abdolnabi Ghayyem Arabic dictionary was chosen and common Arabic words in Persian were extracted from the above dictionaries. Then based on some linguistic tests, six  types of lexical semantic relations including synonymy, hyponymy, semantic opposition, meronymy, member collection, portion-mass, were identified and the frequency of each of them was determined at the level of words, along with the meaning of each word. The frequency of the occurrence of each of the semantic relations in 4506 words was as follows: synonymy 76,83%, hyponymy 14,75%, semantic opposition 0,28%, meronymy 0,57%, member collection 0,04% and portion-mass 0,13% determined. Also, by matching the 4506 words with each other, a total of 26326 matchings were performed, the frequency of occurrence of lexical semantic relations among these adaptations were synonymy 16,75%, hyponymy was 2,61%, semantic opposition 0,04%, meronymy, member collection 0,007%,  and portion-mass 0.02% respectively.
 
 

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The focus of this research is on lingual instruments which can be used for tracing a single identity through the text. 80 girls and women attended in this study and narrated the Pear Story. Pear Story is a universal nonverbal film which is designed by Chafe in 1980. The data were stored and were analyzed by statistical tests. For qualitative analysis the concept of Roach’s basic level was used. Both groups were equal in using the hyponym words but they were different in using the opposite side. They also were different in tracing the identity of words. It means that they have referent to a word after its first mentioning, although equal referring to a word in all text had high frequency in both groups. It seems that children became similar in their vocabulary to adults; but based these results we have to consider the differences in every content.
1. Introduction
The emergence of the narrative almost coincides with the first memories that adults remember from their childhood. It can be said that narrative is a representation of an event or a set of events (Abbott, 2002, p. 13). Narration is the main subject of this study and to do that, 40 9-year-old children and 40 females 22- to 18-year-old adults have orally told a non-verbal film, the "Pear" story. Made by Chief (1980), the film is used as a universal tool for extracting information from translating non-linguistic experience into linguistic storytelling. The purpose of this film is to extract and study linguistic examples from all over the world. Data from some languages, including English, German, Greek, Japanese, Chinese, and Mayan Indians, have been reviewed, analyzed, and compared, but there is no room for a detailed study of Persian data. In this research, the method of word selection and the quality of preserving the identity of those words throughout what is mentioned in the oralization of this narration are investigated.
Oralization of characters and objects in discourse is a limited but important area. When the speaker encounters an object whose understanding needs to be explained, the object must first be introduced in discourse as an objective phenomenon, and then it must be traced through the inference of the narrative. The main question that arises in this research is how objects are introduced and followed in discourse? Also, we seek to know what are the characteristics of the word choice of female children and adults in the expression of the narrative? The zero hypotheses that can be considered in response are as follows:

• Vocabulary selection is the same at the whole and part level for the two age groups.
• The choice of vocabulary, including super-ordinate, hyponym, co- hyponym, pronoun and metaphor, is equal in both age groups.
• The traces of the words’ identity in the first reference in the narration and in the subsequent references are equal in the two age groups.

2. Methodology
In this research, the participants' choice of words to refer to specific phenomena has been investigated. While words have meaning and significance, they participate only in a part of the general conceptualization and the complete understanding of the sentence depends on the Encyclopedic knowledge (Langacker, 1987). Rosch et al. (1976) state "Among all levels of abstraction in which anything can be classified, there is a level of abstraction where the most information is obtained with the least cognitive effort, which we call the ‘main’ level." In this research, this concept and the semantic relationship of hyponymy are used to evaluate word selection.
Eighty participants in two equal groups of girls and women participated in this study. The age of the child participants was 9 years and the age of the adult participants was 18 to 22 years. First, a 6-minute non-verbal film "Pear Film" was shown to participants. Before showing the film, participants were told that they were going to see a film and then tell the researcher what they had seen. Finally, the recorded data were transcribed in the same way as dialogs.
Just as it is possible to break the "picking" process into several sub-events, it is also possible to refer to the participants in each process as a whole or as part of the whole. For example, when it was said "gardener", the word was placed in the whole (human) category, but the phrase "hand" was placed in the part category. Finally, in the discussion of word choice, the concept of identity trace is introduced, that is, the word used at the beginning of a narrative to refer to a particular case, is it repeated in the same way until the end or are they replaced by other words that convey the same meaning? To investigate this case, it was enough to examine the identity of the word pear in 80 narrations.
Example: Main word: pear
Superordinate: fruit, crop, pear / fruit tree
Hyponymy: unripe pear
Co- hyponymy: quince, apple
Pronoun: that, one of
Metaphor: stolen meal, illegal property (In reference to the pear)
 
3. Results
The results of this study can be summarized as follows:

•  Although there are only 7 actors in front of the multitude of objects and situations in the story, the reference to human beings has the most attention and focus;
•  There is no relationship between the words used and the age group (child and adult) at the whole level.
•  In contrast, there is a significant relationship between the words used and the age group (child and adult) at the part level and the choice of words depended on the age group
•  In narration when there is more than one lexical choice, speakers prefer to refer to phenomena using words with a moderate degree of abstraction. It was seen that the choice of vocabulary level depends on the age group
•  The data showed that there was no relationship between the onset of the term and the age variable (child and adult).
•  According to the data, there is a significant relationship between the identity of the words used and the age variable (child and adult).

In fact, the two groups have focused differently on expressing a single concept. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that in general, lexical knowledge is not the same in the two identified age groups. This difference should logically be taken into account in the design of textbooks, storybooks, games, and anything in the realm of words related to children of this age

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The current study aimed to provide a "contrastive analysis" of rituals related to 'Mohr Zadan' and 'naming' in Kurdish based on gender factors. Deep interview method applied to gathering data of an adult educated native woman. Based on the collected data on this step, a new non-structured group interview was designed and carried on in a small group of 5 non-educated native speakers aged 60 to 70. Relying on the conceptual blending theory, the present study analyses all recorded narrations. The results suggest that Kurdish culture uses different conceptual inputs- or more significantly- selects different mappings of the same input to regenerate new conceptual spaces to represent the cultural values of two genders. In other words, in Kurdy, cultural gender values play a significant role in conceptual blending.

1. Introduction
The various rituals and ceremonies that take place in every culture and subculture are significant examples of how people, by engaging in symbolic behaviours, create a new or collective concept. Rituala and concept have meaning not only in the culture, but also has the power to influence and change a person's life. Based on this, the study of rituals not as mere symbolic ceremonies, but as meaning-creating models that are effective in the psychological and cognitive spheres of people is the subject of the upcoming research. Therefore  with a comparative study of the rituals related to birth in the Kurdish culture of Sorani Sanandaj based on both genders, boys and girls, we have sought answers to the following questions
Research Question(s)

1. With regard to a common concept such as the birth-giving, what inputs are used in the Kurdish culture under study to create meaning for each gender?
2. What mappings were made to create a generic and blended space of rituals related to the birth-giving in the Surani Kurdish culture of Sanandaj for each gender, and what methods did this culture use to create a blended space?
3. the conceptual blended space around the ritual of the birth-giving in the studied Kurdish culture for girls and boys with emphasis on what choices among input elements is formed?

2. Literature Review
Conceptual blending theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002) as the theoretical framework of this research, has been adopted in various filed and different topics from news narrating analyses (van Krieken and Sanders: 2018); and headlines’ implicatures (Barczewska: 2017); to internet discourse study (Augustyn and Prażmo: 2020) or political analyses like (Berberović and Delibegović Džanić: 2020).
In Iran also this frame work was utilized in many studies like as the study of Conceptual Blending of War, Hunting and Love in Saadi’s Ghazals (Asqar Nejhad & Fahgih malek marzban: 2017) or cognitive narratology and applying the Conceptual Blending Theory to Persian Folk Tales (Barekat, Rowshan, Mohammad Ebrahimi, Ardebili: 2012); 

3. Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework of this research is conceptual blending theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002), which identifies two or more different mental spaces as inputs and, by examining the mappings between aspects of common elements selected from each of the two, analyses the way in which the human mind perceives, deals with, re-understands or re-identifies pre-existing perceptions, or creates new applications from previous inputs.

4. Methodology
In order to answer the questions of this research, the general structure of the research is first designed within the framework of a comparative study and based on the qualitative analysis model. Based on this, the semi-structured interview method was considered and the desired questions were given to an educated female speaker whose mother tongue is Sorani Kurdish. The interviewee was asked to evaluate the interview questions in terms of clarity, relevance and comprehensibility by 'thinking aloud'. After designing and modifying the interview questions based on the suggestions made by the spokesperson, various rituals related to the birth-giving were collected from a middle-aged female spokesperson by using the in-depth individual interview method. Then, in order to obtain more information, five illiterate men and women, aged between 50 and 70, whose mother tongue was Sorani Kurdish and who conducted their daily conversations in this language, were interviewed using the "targeted group interview" method. their narration of the desired ritual was recorded and continued until saturation point. Finally, the interviews were transcribed in order to extract and analyse the details related to the ritual of the birth-giving rituals. It is worth mentioning that the information was collected in the form of an audio recording with the knowledge and consent of all the interviewees. At the same time, some important classifications were also recorded in writing during the interview and re-evaluated by the interviewees in order to check the accuracy of the recording or its classification. By transcribing and analysing the data extracted from the interviews, the concepts related to the ritual of the birth-givinf were analysed as follows.

5. Results
The analysis of different parts of the rituals related to the birth-giving in the Surani Kurdish culture of Sanandaj, in response to the first question of the research, data shows that this culture creates different meanings in same rituals by choosing two different inputs belonging to the same class to form a conceptual blended space. For example, choosing two different foods such as 'walnuts' or 'crystallised sugar' is effective both in the process of creating the meaning of the blended space and in the purpose and intention behind the desired ceremony and ritual. On the other hand, despite the use of this culture from similar inputs such as "Sureme", "Blessed Object", "Angels" and "Mohr", sometimes the selection and representation of different components of the concepts leads to the creation of a completely different meaning in the blended space.
Data analysis in response to the second question of the research shows that the Sorani Kurdish culture of Sanandaj, by selecting different components of input concepts and creating selective mappings from a set of conceptual blended space, selects concepts that fit the cultural frame of the child's gender. In this sense, the selective projection of input elements in the ritual of "Mohr Zadan" for baby girls is done in line with concepts such as "being beautiful, patient, pleasant and being liked"; while in the case of a baby boy, this process is done by selecting elements such as "being stubborn and resistant, being an entrepreneur and being a thinker and supporter".
Finally, in answer to the third question of the research, it seems that rituals in the Surani Kurdish culture of Sanandaj, take account the conceptual frames that govern the cultural definitions of "good woman" and "good man" and choose different inputs or choose and represent different aspects of the same input to create new meanings through this passage. Based on this, the determining factor of the blended space and conceptual mappings in these rituals is the "gender cultural frame" that will be effective in all the processes of "mapping", "choosing the vital relationship" and "creating meaning".
 

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According to the twenty-year outlook of the country, Iran is the country in 1404 with features such as being away from poverty and discrimination, Equitable distribution of income, having health, Welfare and Social Security ,equal opportunities for all, and reliant upon the share of superior human resources and social capital in national production. In this regard, the country's economic policy makers in codification and authorizing downstream legislations of the country outlook, severely have stressed on codifying facilitator and accelerator law materials to achieve the goals of the vision, especially in terms of balanced development and reduce regional gaps through improving Administrative system and promoting the quality of executive performance. Now after more than eight years of COMMUNIQUE the country outlook document, a comparative analysis of key economic indicators for the provinces can be relatively good indicators for evaluating the scale of success in achieving the objectives set in the document. The methodology of this study is descriptive-analytic method and the type of study is practical-theoretical. To collect data, library method is used. The results indicated that despite the economic legal obligations of the country emphasize on having optimum Administrative system in all regions and provinces and also equitable distribution of public resources among the provinces to reduce the development gap and achieving balanced development, Disadvantaged provinces of the country such as north khorasan have received different and unequal levels of credits and Administrative system.

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Bioactive peptides are actually specific protein parts that, in addition to nutritional value, have positive effects on body function and conditions that lead to health effects. The combined use of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis causes changes in the physical and chemical properties of hydrolyzed proteins. Microwave pretreatment is a well-known strategy to increase the accessibility of hydrolysis-sensitive bonds, facilitating enzyme cleavage sites and exposure to proteases. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of hydrolysis time and also the effect of microwave pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) protein by trypsin enzyme to produce antioxidant peptides. To conduct this research, first, edible mushrooms were turned into powder after purchase from the market and conducting related processes. In this research, hydrolyzed edible mushroom was produced using trypsin enzyme without pretreatment and with microwave pretreatment at different powers of 120, 200, and 280W and time intervals of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 minutes. The antioxidant properties of the hydrolysed samples (DPPH radical scavenging activity, iron chelating power, iron ion reduction power and total antioxidant activity) were evaluated and compared. The results showed that in most of the experiments, pretreatment with microwaves decreased the time of obtaining and increased the antioxidant capacity of the samples, so that the samples pretreated with microwave power of 120W showed higher antioxidant power compared to the other treated samples. In all antioxidant tests, the sample pre-treated with microwave with power 120W and hydrolysed at 90minutes showed higher antioxidant performance, and therefore it is considered as suitable treatment.