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This study aimed to standardize the Responsibility Questionnaire in Asia's Elite Football and Futsal Referees. The statistical population of this study was elite soccer referees and Asian futsal in two sections of men and women, among which 292 questionnaires were collected. A researcher-made responsibility questionnaire, which consisted of 25 questions, was used to collect data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was accepted after translation by professors and sport management specialists. Statistical methods were descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's omega Coefficient, Theta Coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Analytical results showed (α=0.90, Ω=0.921, θ-0.934) reliability for the responsibility questionnaire. All questions had a significant relationship with their agent in the reliability of Structure, the amount of relationship, and T-value, and they could be a good predictor for their agent. X2/df=2.91, RMSEA=0.093 indexes and NFI=0.98, CFI=0.98, IFI=0.90, GFI=0.94, and AGFI=0.92 also confirmed the goodness of models. Also, the results about the relations of factors with the meaning of responsibility showed that all factors could be a good predictor for the concept of responsibility. Questionnaire responsibility is a reliable and valid measure that can be used to evaluate responsibility in sports, and reliable and consistent results are achieved.

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Semantic is one of the most important features in the study of native language learning process. The study of what children know about meanings in different levels would be away for achieving how the human becomes a speaker of a language. The aim of this study is evaluating children’s understanding of semantic contribution of the universal quantifier “every” at the across-proposition level. Investigating children’s computation of the across-propositional meaning relations involving the universal quantifier “every” would thus not only be the next valuable step to consider their knowledge about the semantics of “every”, but also would make a significant contribution toward a new aspect of children’s semantic competence. In this study, a new experiment evaluates the children’s ability in inferences between entailing and entailed sentences. For sampling, 28 girls aged 3-6 years were selection randomly. Finally, the results confirmed that the competence of children is like adults with regard to the semantics in the composition and comparison of sentential meanings.      

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Aims: Essential oils are a complex of volatile compounds obtained from different parts of plants. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil (EO) is known as a suitable source of antibacterial compounds. The aim of present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of cinnamon EO and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) against 2 strains of Listeria monocytogenes.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 2 strains of L. monocytogenes (a standard strain and a fish isolated strain) were used. The antibacterial activity of cinnamon EO and ZnO NPs was assessed by well diffusion test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of cinnamon EO and ZnO NPs were also determined using broth macrodilution method.  Moreover, the antibacterial properties of cinnamon EO and ZnO NPs were investigated in a liquid medium. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software, using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests.
Findings: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of cinnamon EO were 16µl/ml and 64µl/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the MIC and MBC of ZnO NPs were 12.5mg/ml and 25mg/ml, respectively. The bacterial population significantly decreased with increasing the ZnO NPs and the cinnamon EO concentrations (p<0.05) and during cold storage, there were significant differences between the 2 strains.
Conclusion: Cinnamon essential oil and ZnO nanoparticles have strong antimicrobial effects against L. monocytogenes, so that the cinnamon essential oil shows bacteriostatic effects on Listeria, but ZnO nanoparticles show bactericidal effect.

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Frequency of compression process in Bybee Approach plays a pivotal role between different characters in dialogues of Persian films. In various historical periods, considering her social status, “woman” less likely has used non-standard Persian language compared to “man”. The main issue of this study is about the frequency of compression process in Bybee approach between two male and female sexes in Persian Movies. Which one of Persian language’s elements has been shown more in studied movies in opinion of Bybee? How the language can challenge the system of feminine and masculine relationships in performances? What is the cultural function of identity in this field? This study was conducted to analyze the phonology of phonetic changes caused by compression in Persian language within two different cultural and social fields. Such differentiation is well revealed in dialogues of movies associated with abovementioned historical periods. In fact, this study indicates that compression has a cultural origin as a social issue and such cultural origin that indicates itself in linguistic or discursive styles of individuals with different social classes. Moreover, analyzing the compressed forms is not just limited to making decision about summarization so that the differences between compressed forms are not just structurally a morphological phenomenon; sometimes, it depends on some functional and social considerations such as gender type.

The best way to deal with questions related to the interaction between phonetic processes and grammatical and lexical categories is diachronic (historical) approach. Phonological changes have a one-way path, and different mechanisms of phonological changes are applied in different stages. These changes start for reasons such as phonetic conditions and gradually are customized as part of sound pattern-meaning correspondence through processes that are more and more related to the words and phrases. There is ample evidence that phonetics change or the change processes can affect words gradually and at different speeds, and one of the important determinants of this speed is the frequency of word usage.
Given that the cognitive approach of phonology is rarely taken into account, this question is raised that, in connecting phonology and cognitive sciences, to what extent can the obtained data be discussed with cognitive phonology and what results are obtained from this perspective?
In this study, the main questions are, “how is the frequency of the compression process between male and female in Persian language films through Bybee’s approach?”, “From Bybee’s point of view, compression of which elements of Persian language have become more prominent in the discourse of the studied films?”, “How can language challenge the system of male-female relationships through performance?” and “What is the cultural function of identity in this regard?”
Along with Bybee’s phonological approach, the aim of the present study is phonological analysis of phonetic changes resulting from the compression process in Persian films in two culturally and socially distinct historical contexts. Therefore, the main hypothesis of the present study is defined as "the compression process in Persian-language films has been increasing from old to new ones, and the frequency of the compression process is higher in men than women."
The corpus and data of this research are adapted from the text of conversations between the main characters in pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary Iranian films: Ganj-e Qarun (Siamak Yasemi, 1965), Qaisar (Masoud Kimiaei, 1969), Lottery (Mohammad Hossein Mahdavian, 2018) and Life and a Day (Saeed Roustaei, 2016). The reason for choosing these films as sources of the present study is that the dialogues were most consistent with the actual data. In fact, regarding the nature of these data, it can be claimed that part of the difference in compression observed in two samples belonging to the pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary historical periods, can be the result of the character and the context in which the man or woman is placed.
The corpus of this research is taken from the dialogues of the main male and female characters in old and new movies (old: Qaisar and Ganj-e Qarun; new: Lottery and Life and a Day). To this end, the researcher, while watching these films, wrote down the main and important dialogues and then transcribed them based on the International Transliteration Alphabet (IPA), and identified and analyzed the omission and integration processes that, in this study, are called compression. The research process is such that the compression process in selected old films and then in selected new films has been studied and analyzed and finally a comparison has been made between them. In addition, in order to prove the research hypothesis and collect the required data, the compression process in the selected pre-revolutionary films has been studied and analyzed from a cognitive point of view. Then this process has been repeated for the selected post-revolutionary films and finally a comparison has been made between them.
The results of this study can be interpreted in light of the findings of research in gender linguistics that began in early 1970s. In this regard, concerning formation of social gender-oriented identity, especially in the cultural context that limits the relationship between genders, the formation of different compression norms is completely natural. In addition, given the freedom of men in observing cultural norms in comparison with women, higher frequency of compression, which is a deviation from the standard language, is also justifiable.
The results of this study are consistent with Modarresi (1989) regarding the linguistic differences between men and women and believing more in the social differences between these two groups. He argues that as either gender is more active than the other in some areas of activity, the terms related to that area are considered masculine or feminine. Modarressi also refers to the gender-specific language patterns and believes that if men and women in any society do not follow these patterns, they will lose their special social status or at least be ridiculed. Therefore, it can be said that the degree of compression is in fact a function or indicator of the social status to which the speaker, whether male or female, belongs and indicates its semiotics (Paknahad Jabarouti, 2002). In addition, the use of higher compression in men could be justified according to Lakoff (1973 who believes that social base of women is more unstable and shakier than men. He seeks the reflection of these social bases in language, which is manifested in women relying more on standard and uncompressed forms.
Finally, concerning the main purpose of the present study, the compression in the obtained data confirms the function of Bybee’s cognitive perspective in this regard. In addition, it was found that compression application has been increasing overtime. Therefore, it can be claimed that Persian speakers more frequently use the compression process in their speech over time which is done to accelerate the speech. Finally, it was found that in terms of social cognitive application and due to the greater commitment of women to meet their language standards in conversation, they were more inclined than men to use instances of compression
 

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In this paper, the mechanical behavior of the Graphene Oxide (GO)/ epoxy nanocomposites has been investigated under different strain rates. To reach this goal, GO nano sheets were synthesized through Hummers method (a chemical method) and then GO/epoxy nanocomposite was prepared using the solution-based method. Standard specimens test were made from nanocomposite. In order to study the static and dynamic behavior of material, the static pressure test and the split pressure hopkinson bar test were performed on the specimens, respectively. The results showed that the stiffness and the strength of epoxy increase with adding GO to it. It was found that the behavior of epoxy is dependent on the strain rate so intense that its dynamic strength is more than static one about 50%. Furthermore, the effect of GO in low strain rates is more than high strain rates such that adding 0.3% weight ratio of GO increase the strength of epoxy by nearly 20% and 5% in 0.01 s^(-1) and 1100 s^(-1) of strain rates, respectively. In addition, the comparison of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images from the fracture surfaces of neat epoxy and its composite showed that the surface toughness of nanocomposite is more than epoxy’s.

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Background and Aim:
Oxidative stress factors are known to causes some metabolic disorders diseases. Therefore, preventing, or at least decreasing the amount of these factors may have a positive impact on prevention or improvement of the metabolic diseases. Recently, the herbal medicines are more considered due to more effectiveness. The present study was designed to evaluate anti-oxidant effect of sumac powder (Rhus coriaria L.).
Materials and Methods:
 In the present study, special parts of the sumac plant, dried at room temperature and powdered using laboratory mill. All samples were solubilized in methanol, and four concentrations (12.5, 25, 40 ،50 µ/ml) were prepared and the antioxidant activity of sumac powder measured by DPPH at a wavelength of 517 nm. Finally, the IC50 of all samples and the standard were calculated and compared with standard.
Results:
The methanol extracts of all sumac doses showed dose-dependent potent antioxidant activity. The results indicated that brown sumac powder (IC50 = 14/912) has the higher antioxidant activity compared to red sumac powder (IC50 = 27/385), which was lower than vitamin C (IC50 = 6/708).
Conclusion:
Brown sumac powder has a stronger antioxidant effect than red sumac powder, which can be effective in improving the antioxidant defense of the body, so we advise to consume brown sumac.
 

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Supply chain (SC) management aims to increase the overall profit through improvement of various activities and components. Many contradictions between parts and different levels of a SC have been identified in order to achieve overall objectives. Such shortfalls may result in decreased strength and competitiveness of the SC. The basics of game theory make it a suitable and reliable tool for solving contradiction situations by considering all levels and players goal. For Solving the problem mentioned above, game theory approach besides coordination mechanism are performed in this research. First of all an unlimited three echelon supply chain including S suppliers, M manufacturers and K retailers are considered. For this matter, a mathematical cooperative model based on specific assumptions is proposed. The model was performed in a numerical example and it is solved by genetic algorithm. The sensitivity analysis of proposed model was analyzed by design of experiment and finally the verification of the cooperative model is assessed by simulation and Arena software.

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One of the basic functions of input-output analysis is to identify the economic structure of regions and countries. This research seeks to identify the key sectors of Iran's provinces and to compare them with national key sectors. The data is extracted from the national input-output table and regional accounts of the Statistical Center of Iran in 2011. The results show that based on the "total gross backward and forward linkages" criterion, there are 17 and 20 key sectors, respectively, with and without considering the "dispersion of the linkages", at national level. With same criterion, every province has at least one and two key sectors, respectively. However, some key sectors of provinces are not listed as national key sectors, and are not included in the central planning. On the contrary, a number of national key sectors are not categorized as key sectors in the provincial level. In addition, due to the larger usage of national resources in key sectors, the provinces with more common key sectors with national economy have higher GDP per capita. Thus, it seems due to inconsistency between some regional economic structure with national one, considering the provincial key sectors in national economic planning leads to optimal use of national resources through increasing the GDP per capita and decreasing the interregional disparities.