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The theory of the responsibility to protect was approved in 2005 in the output document of the United Nations Summit (A/RES/60/1) and in 2011, it was included in the Security Council Resolution 1973 regarding military intervention in Libya. The theory of the responsibility to protect implies the commitment of the international community to end the worst forms of violence and crime in humanitarian crises and internal armed conflicts. This article by using the qualitative method and document-library sources, books, articles and reports and internet notes, dealing with NATO's military intervention in Libya in 2011, which led to airstrikes, the creation of a no-fly zone, and ultimately the change of Muammar Gaddafi's regime,  criticizes its application in Libya.The findings of the article show that although the theory tries to fill the gap between the former obligations of UN member states under international humanitarian law and human rights with this reality that the human population facing the threat of genocide, crimes against humanity, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity must be supported, France, the United States and NATO have exploited the 1973 resolution for their political-military goals and have caused the stoppage of the development of the theory and the skepticism of the international community towards the goals and intentions of the world powers in the application of the theory and as a result of the design of the new approach of responsibility during support.
 

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Research subject: In this study, the occurrence of flooding due to the accumulation of sediment in the downcomer area, which led to an excessive increase in liquid on the upper trays of the distillation column was investigated in a refinery.
Research approach: Vacuum pressure in the upper area of the column, boiler feed water flow from the inlet to the condenser and the discharge of the net product as three very important and effective operational parameters in controlling the severity of the flooding phenomena and the amount of coking value as an important laboratory parameter to reduce the volume of inlet sediments entering the distillation column. Data and results of changes made on each of these three operational parameters showed their effectiveness in controlling the severity of the flooding phenomena.
Main results: In order to control and reduce the problems caused by the simultaneous flooding phenomena around the vacuum pump, the boiler feed water flow of the inlet to the condenser and the flow of the net output product were proportionally increased until the operating conditions of the distillation column are normalized. In this study, how to control the flooding phenomena and reduce the adverse effects due to the accumulation of sediments in the downcomer area of tray No. 22 and above was investigated.
To overcome these problems, first the vacuum pump rotation speed was increased from 850 rpm to 1250 rpm and the boiler feed water inlet to the condenser from 1.95 m³/hr to 3.2 m³/hr was increased. On the other hand, in order to prevent contamination of the pure product, the net output product flow rate also increased from 925 kg/hr to 2300 kg/hr. Also, with regular and accurate control of the coking value index as a very important laboratory parameter, the volume of coke sediments in the coal tar feed entering the distillation column was reduced from 37.5% by weight to 18.4% in a 30-day period after centrifugation.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of Lactobacillus casei LAFTI-L26 in Dutch red cheese. For this purpose, the effect of thermal treatments (pasteurization and non-pasteurization) in different concentrations of brine (0%, 2.5%, and 5%) and the ripening time (1,30 and 60 days) on lactobacillus casei survival and physicochemical properties of cheese including; pH, dry matter, fat percentage, salt percentage and acidity were studied. The results from the beginning of production to the end of the 60-day period showed that Increasing the pH of cheeses increased significantly (p<0.05). During non-pasteurization, the fat content of pasteurized cheeses increased significantly (p<0.05), and in pasteurized cheeses it was much more than pasteurized cheeses. Total microbial load increased significantly during storage (p<0.05). The acidity of the cheeses decreased significantly during storage (p<0.05), and with increasing the duration of salting water in pasteurized cheeses significantly increased (p<0.05). The salt percentage of samples was significantly reduced by applying the thermal process (p<0.05). By increasing the storage time, the number of Lactobacillus casei bacteria increased significantly in all samples (p<0.05), with increasing percentage of Lactobacillus casei salt in pasteurized cheese increased significantly (p <0.05), and pasteurization Increased the viability of Lactobacillus casei. In general, Dutch red cheese produced in Salmas has the ability to carry Lactobacillus casei (LAFTI-L26 DSL).

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Objective: Morphine and its derivatives are well-known for their strong analgesic effects in medicine. However, their medical long-term administration is severely restricted because of tolerance and dependence. Morphine fails to induce endocytosis of Mu opioid receptors whereas other encephalin analogues such as DAMGO induce rapid endocytosis of these receptors. Repeated use of opioid drugs alters gene expressions. In current study, we analyze the effects of long-term opioid treatment on Dnm1L and Rab22a genes. Methods: HEK293 cell lines that expressed MOP receptors were treated separately with morphine, methadone, and DAMGO. mRNAs were extracted from the cell suspension and we amplified the cDNA. Next, we analyzed Dnm1L and Rab22a gene expressions compared to control samples by qRT-PCR. Results were statistically validated by Graph Pad software. Results: Amplification graphs from qRT-PCR showed that Dnm1L gene expression was induced by 2.37-fold, whereas Rab22a gene expression decreased by 0.39-fold in response to long-term treatment of cells with morphine compared to control samples. Dnm1L gene expression was not significantly affected by treatment with methadone and DAMGO. Rab22a gene expression decreased by 0.41-fold with methadone treatment and by 0.45-fold in response to DAMGO treatment. Conclusion: The Dnm1L gene could be involved in cellular pathways of morphine-induced tolerance which would indicate the difference between morphine and other similar Mu opioid receptor agonists.