Showing 12 results for Hojati
Volume 4, Issue 2 (No.2 (Tome 14), (Articles in Persian) 2013)
Abstract
One of the stages in the contemporary linguistics, based on which the linguists recognize a special position for speaker, is the “discourse analysis”. In this innovative linguistic perspective, the individual indicator, which influence on producing the texts, constitutes a new area in pragmalinguistic researches. Though we can pursue the history of acquaintance of linguistics with deixis in the rhetorical tradition of Islam, where the term appears by means of struggling, which arises from the process between grammar and rhetoric. Islamic grammarians are interested into internal context (co-text) & ask if there is a cohesion between the propositional members of the text and its external context (context of situation). Whereas, the rhetoricians study about the illocutionary force(s) of the utterances through corresponding this force with the context of situation. But among these scientists, there are others who synthesize between co-text & context simultaneously. They respect the deviations in grammatical principles in order to achieve the illocutionary or force(s) of utterances. This article argues some deixis in Ney-Nameh, such as personal pronouns, demonstratives, spatial-temporal indicators & expansion-contraction in discourse to evaluate the importance of speaker’s function in the above-mentioned discourse. In fact, this article would reply to this question that if by means of the deixis, we can go out of utterances’ level to appreciate the illocutionary forces of a total text and evaluate the correspondence of co-text and context.
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2016)
Abstract
The aim of the study is the classification of landform based on elevation, slope, relief and curvature inputs (old method) and topographic position index (TPI) (new method) in the south of Bojnoord. The input data for the two methods is a digital elevation model (DEM). The results of topographic position index (TPI) model showed that most area of landform were covered by class 5 (plains small) and the lowest area of landform was covered with open slope (class 6) (< 0.1%). The results of landform classification using elevation, slope, relief and curvature showed that the upper terraces (shoulder) were located in the many parts of the study area (green color). Plateau (back slope) landform was located in center, some parts of the west and south of the study area. In general, with increasing slope and elevation different types of landforms occur. Thus slope, elevation, relief and curvature are effective in preparing the landform classification map. The comparison of the two methods showed that the TPI method was more accurate because the method revealed more details.
Volume 6, Issue 7 (No.7 (Tome 28), (Articles in Persian) 2015)
Abstract
Among the linguistic tools that can assist researcher in investigating the relationship between the speaker and the audience, are the linguistic "modalities" which are manifested usually in the form of affective speech acts. Some kinds of texts in which are manifested more colorful the speaker’s mentalities, feelings and values, imply the affective acts; also in Masnavi that benefits from the literary diversities, this feature allows the speaker to use language as a social reality and on the way to create communication with the audience, the diversity of linguistic modalities is undeniable.
Due to the linguistic characteristics of mysticism, studying those linguistic modals that reflect the ontological and epistemological aspects of text is important. This article aims to show how the speaker by the use of modals known as logical modals, can successfully form his ideas and states into words and by this way informs the audience on his intellectual and value system. For this purpose, this article refers to the provided classifications of the various linguistic modals; hence first it explains the relationship between the modal semi-auxiliary verbs and the epistemological system governing the text and then analyzes the text in accordance with these tools.
Volume 8, Issue 1 (No. 8 (Tome 36), (Articles in Persian) 2017)
Abstract
Language is considered as the basic material in research on literature & mysticism. For the linguistics can enable researchers to achieve functional approaches. Although the presupposition was accounted in the past issue of the more basic subjects in domain of linguistics and newer approaches have shown little interest about this phenomenon by logical analysis, but reflect on some of these issues can assist in the analysis of invisible aspects of the meaning which was usually neglected in generative grammar. The research methodology is descriptive –analytic. It should consider the presuppositions as the specific kinds of conversational implicatures that, particularly, by means of the connectors of the discourse, such as conjunctions (but, so, in addition, etc) transfer the cognitive value of the propositions to the audience. This paper tries to respond to this question that how the presuppositions can figure the evolution of mystical principles in Sama' through its association with the requirements of ontological, epistemological and cultural context of the subject.
Volume 11, Issue 3 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
Aims: Wind Catchers, as a traditional method of cooling, are compatible with the environment, on the one hand, and reduce energy consumption which is a major global challenge, on the other hand. This study evaluates the thermal and ventilation performance inside different floors of a four-story residential building by using three one-sided, two-sided, four-sided wind catcher models in hot and dry weather in open window mode.
Methods: The analysis by computer modeling or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the cooling potential and flow rate during the summer solstice
Finding: The results show that one-sided wind catchers are not efficient due to the low average inlet air and the negative airflow in the central shaft. Two-sided wind catchers have a positive airflow rate in the warm months, but a four-story building, cannot have the amount of air needed for ventilation on the first and second floors. Among three samples, the simulated four-sided Wind Catchers model has higher refrigeration power and optimal efficiency because it can provide airflow with appropriate speed and volume for the first to fourth floors
Conclusion: Among the three wind catcher modeled in software, it has been determined that only the four-way model can have the necessary efficiency to perform ventilation in different floors. designers can design an optimized design and a building that is more compatible with natural ventilation to provide comfort for residents, according to some special points for the use of wind catchers.
Volume 12, Issue 1 (1-2005)
Abstract
Fictional names have been one of the most important and serious topics in the contemporary philosophy of language and metaphysics.Several questions such as “Do fictional names refer to any objects?” “Are fictional characters existent objects?” have resulted in a considerable literature of philosophy.
In this essay, we will follow two objectives. First we will describe and elaborate the ideas of three great philosophers who believe that fictional names are genuine and proper names which do refer to existent fictional characters. Second we will criticize the theories of two philosophers (Peter Van Inwagen and Saul Kripke’s theories) and will eventually defend the third i.e. Nathan Salmon’s theory of fictional names. Through the issues we will presuppose direct reference theory as our main semantic theory for proper names .
Volume 12, Issue 47 (7-2015)
Abstract
Reduce the quality of traditional breads in recent years related to the type of flour and bread production process is not hidden from anyone. Traditional Iranian breads are prepared from flour with high extraction rate, which contains high amount of minerals, vitamins and fibers, but the presence of high levels of phytic acid prevent absorbing precious minerals in the body and are irreparable harm to the consumers. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of phytic acid in the flour marketed in Ahwaz to bake traditional flat breads, Lavash, Taftoon, Sangak and Barbari, and effect of processing on the content of the primary phytic acid. The results showed that phytic acid of flours was high (91.464 mg/100 gr. flour) and prepared dough and baking bread conditions had not a significant reduction in phytic acid so that the maximum reduction was observed in Barbari bread (33.4 %) and the lowest decrease in Lavash bread (15.79 %), respectively. On the other hand, the mean level of zinc was 592 mg in hundred grams of flour and average of phytic acid mole ratio to zinc was shown 63.67, so bioavailability of zinc was deteriorating. The results indicated that the present baking procedures had not an appreciable effect on reduction of the amount of phytic acid in breads. Due to the high level phytic acid in flours is recommended to considering the amount and type of fertilization in field conditions, baking conditions of bread to be reformed in Ahwaz.
Volume 13, Issue 52 (4-2016)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of Echinophora cinerea and Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl essential oils cultivated in Lorestan province against some food pathogens. The aerial parts of these plants were collected from the mountains around Khorramabad. Their essential oils were extracted by Clevenger and their chemical composition analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activities were determined by disk diffusion and micro-dilution methods against Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Thirty- nine and fifty-eight components were identified inEchinophora and Stachys essential oils, respectively. α-phellandrene, p-cymene, carvacrol and α-pinene were the main compounds in Echinophora essential oil and thymol, trans caryophyllene, β-phellandrene, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide were the major components of Stachys essential oil. Findings showed antibacterial properties of Echinophora and Stachys. They acted against S. aureus with diameters of the inhibition zones of 34.5 and 22.8 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and MBC of Echinophorafor E.coli were 4.6, and 18.75 mg/mL. Results demonstrated that MIC of Stachys for all bacteria was 2.3 mg/mL. In addition, MBC of Stachys on E. coli and S. dysanteria was observed when it was adjusted on 2.3 mg/mL.
Volume 14, Issue 4 (Winter 2025)
Abstract
Aims: Since earthquakes have high destructive effects on buildings, a structure can be stable and durable against the horizontal destructive forces as wind and earthquake those are the goals of high-rise architects and designer engineers. In this research, we seek to show the model of living nature that will lead us towards providing structural strength against the lateral force of earthquakes and reducing its seismically destructive effects.
Methods: The current research has been carried out by using a descriptive survey method. Statistical population, quality analysis by Delphi (Q) method of professional engineers notes and data measurement was done on the of 46 experts opinions in the field of architecture and structure by targeted non-random sampling method. The results of the survey have been analyzed by manual methods and statistical software (SPSS) in the analytical explanation of the main factors.
Finding: The results of the research show that the realization of high-rise building seismic stability would be achieved by the main four factors as: "naturalistic seismic architecture", "sustainable green architecture", "environmentally stable architecture" and "stable seismically geometry". It is possible as feasible by the main characteristics in the architectural design of the seismic bionic tower.
Conclusion: In the end, based on the resulting four exploratory strategies, the explanation of solutions that are appropriate to the research results, that is; High-rise seismically stable architecture with the pattern of living organisms, as an achievement in accordance with the demands and criteria obtained in the present research, are presented
Volume 14, Issue 6 (January & February 2023)
Abstract
This article seeks to explicate the interpretive model of symbolic expressions, termed "the evolutionary-oriented pattern", relying on the semiotic foundations of Charles Sanders Peirce, an American pragmatist philosopher and semiotician. Inspired by the ideas of Robert Neville (1996), who initiated the adaptation of Peirce's framework to the realm of religious language, the article adopts a descriptive-critical approach. In the first section, it delves into defining the position of metaphor among various types of signs according to Peirce's classification. Subsequently, it discusses the structure and mechanism of interpreting symbolic expressions within the framework of two semiotic processes, and finally, it elucidates the formation of the semantic network of symbols-metaphors by combining both aforementioned processes. In this article, for the first time, two distinct processes in Peircean semiosis, namely, transcendental and non- transcendental processes, have been identified. The roles of each in creating a semantic chain among signs on one hand and between a sign and its interpretant on the other hand have been elucidated. Among the other achievements of this research are the introduction of conceptual frameworks such as interpretive aspect, semantic context, and the referential scope, each playing a role in the systematic interpretation of a sign.
1. Introduction
In the mystical worldview, existence and the world are considered a "symbolic system," involving a semiotic function, as words serve as signs to unfold the beauty and divine grace. Mystical teachings guide us to understand the signs and metaphysical manifestations. Language acts as an intermediary to reveal the truth of the existence and being of things and as Umberto Eco puts it, "truth is nothing but the disclosure of existence through the intermediary of language" (Eco, 2018, p.168). The notion that "language is the voice of existence" leads us from the theories of semiotic conventions to the rules of interpretation or hermeneutics. Mystics, through intuitive insights, discover symbols in their inner visions, manifesting in their imagination. Through these symbols, they find their "profound unity with things" and discover the truth of existence. In this context, language becomes an "unconscious metaphor" that makes us aware of the inner essence of things.
Research Questions
1. What is Peirce's definition of metaphor?
2. Is Peircean semiotics equipped with a transcendental function besides its non-transcendental function? if yes;
3. What is the role of both transcendental and non-transcendental processes in the Interpretation?
2. Literature Review
Anderson (1984) is the first study that compiles Pierce's definition of metaphor through his scattered and ambiguous notes. Furthermore, it elucidates the distinction between metaphor and metonymy to better explain this concept. Colapietro and Olshewsky (1996), in the fifth chapter of their book, have gathered four significant articles on this subject. Among them is Houseman's article, which compares Pierce's perspective on metaphor with the interactive approach of Richards and Max Black's theory. Neville (1996) endeavors to adapt Peirce's semiotic model in the realm of religious signs, aiming to present a conceptual framework for how meaning and interpretation occur. Oehler (1987) explores the possibility of a transcendental interpretation of Peircean semiotics. By referring to the concept of transcendentalism in Kantian philosophy and highlighting the differences between Peirce's pragmatic and experiential philosophy, fundamentally, he does not accept such a possibility.
3. Metaphor and Semantic Networks
Now on, our discussion centers on the interpretive mechanism of metaphor as a crucial component of the language of mysticism. To achieve this, we must first highlight the distinction between two types of sign processes: the non-transcendental process and the transcendental one. Hwan Lee (2018, p.57) refers to non-transcendental sign processes as a horizontal process involving the pursuit of an "ultimate rational interpretation." This is achieved by following a probable interpretive path and relying on a guiding principle or rule, although reaching this final interpretation is consistently delayed.
4. Conclusion
Peircean semiotics provides us the opportunity to overcome many of the issues that have arisen from linguistic analysis within traditional structural or deconstructive semiotics. By defining metaphor from Peirce's perspective and his interpreters, and by identifying two distinct and complementary sign processes, namely non-transcendental and transcendental ones, it becomes evident that interpretations are always ready to return to the dynamics of interpretation and transform into another sign's interpretant. This is because, as Peirce states, a sign represents its interpretation from certain aspects.
However, the interpretive hermeneutics of metaphor and its "evolutionary-oriented pattern", through the aggregation and completion of sequential (temporal and simultaneous) interpretations, attempts to compensate for these semantic shortcomings, bringing the direct interpretant as close or aligned as possible to the dynamic and ultimate referent of the metaphor (the meaning of which is Allah). Yet, complete alignment with the meaning implies the cessation of the evolutionary process of the metaphor and the end of the interpretive journey, which is only possible with the conclusion of the ascending path to God (sufi's self-enrichment process). Therefore, each interpretation itself serves as another metaphorical sign, and one must navigate through it with the help of interpretation. In this context, paying attention to the interpretive aspect, the semantic context, and the interpretive scope are of crucial importance in delineating the systematic pattern of the cyclical process of accumulative-transcendental and reinterpreted-non-transcendental interpretations of the symbol.
Volume 17, Issue 2 (Summer 2013)
Abstract
The debate over whether judges’ decisions are adequately constrained by law is predicated on a more fundamental issue, namely, whether the law is indeterminate. In the debates over legal indeterminacy, the most basic issue that may arise is: "What is the source of legal indeterminacy?" By emphasizing on the three distinct sources of those “gaps”, three distinct approaches in legal theory emerge: an ontic approach, a semantic approach, and an epistemic approach. Philosophers have also taken a parallel threefold approache to describe the similar phenomenon of vagueness. In what follows, we describe those parallel accounts, and show that they may be reconcilable in a more comprehensive theory.
* Corresponding author’s E-mail: hojatima@modares.ac.ir
Volume 23, Issue 4 (10-2016)
Abstract
Business evolutions, emergence of powerful competitors, rapid technological changes, change of customers' expectations, new social models, etc have required the firms to revisit their strategies continuously. Capability of a firm to agree on a change, identify opportunities and reform its resources enables it to change strategic orientations properly. New orientations need the definition of a new logic of value creation for a firm that appears in three axes of value creation, delivery and capture. In the present research, the effect of strategic agility is studied on organizational performance by examining it exactly. The population of the research is Iranian Banks at least with 5-year experience in this industry. According to the exploratory nature of the research, factors of strategic agility are identified after literature review on agility, and PLS-SEM is used to measure its effect on organizational performance according to the limitations of the sample of study. Findings show that strategic agility has a significant positive effect on organizationl performance. Also among factors affecting organizational performance with the mediator "strategic agility", collective commitment has the highest effect.
