Showing 6 results for Hodjati
Volume 1, Issue 1 (Winter 2021)
Abstract
In this paper, we will try to reconstruct Hegel’s logic and metaphysics through modern logic. Graham Priest has claimed that we can read Hegel’s logic with the paraconsistent approach to logic, specially Dialetheism; he calls Hegel a Dialetheist. At first, we report Priest’s account of Hegel’s dialectic and his notion of dialectical contradiction; also, we try to analyze Priest’s argument for calling Hegel a Dialetheist. To achieve the proper comparison between Hegel’s logic and Dialetic one, we explain, non-technically, the simple semantics of a Dialetic logic. Furthermore, finally, we establish a criticism of Priest’s account to reopen the question about Hegel’s being Dialetheist.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (Winter 2024)
Abstract
Frege doesn’t have an independent and comprehensive issue concerning indexical semantics. However, in some of his works, especially “The Thought”, he has declared some characteristics of some indexical. In sum, his view is that if a sentence contains an indexical word, it has linguistic meaning; However, it does not express a Thought (=sense) unless the reference of that indexical word is determined. Regarding Frege’s views concerning the characteristics of Thought, it seems his approach to the semantic of indexical can be extended to be true concerning other expressions having concrete references. To obtain a thought, all temporal and spatial constraints should be considered. Hence, we may claim that Frege considers all expressions with concrete references indexical.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (Summer 2024)
Abstract
We will argue against formulating the propositional unity as a problem of Order, Combinability, or Recognition. We find the issue of Representation surprisingly biased to the Correspondence theory of truth, and we show how wrong it may be to read the question of having truth conditions as a question of truth conditions itself. Finally, we demonstrate how certain structured propositions may escape the arms of the question of unity. We find the problem of having truth conditions to be the most to-the-point question of the nature of propositions.
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2016)
Abstract
The phytoremediation capability in Pb removal from the contaminated soils by three native seedlings species (Acer cappadocicum, Fraxinus excelsior and Thuja orientalis) and one exotic species (Cupressus arizonica) were compared. The seedlings were grown in Pb contaminated soils at 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg kg-1 concentrations for 6 months (Mar 21 to Sept. 22, 2015), after which the biomass allocation and Pb accumulation in tissues of root, stem, and leaf were assessed. The results showed that the higher Pb levels (400 and 500 mg kg-1 soil) caused significant reduction in growth in all species, but this inhibition was less marked in the two conifer (T. orientalis and C. arizonica) compared to the two broad-leaf seedlings (A. cappadocicum and F. excelsior). Pb concentration in different tissues of seedlings increased with its increase in the soil. Further, Pb accumulation in the conifers was twice higher than that of the broad-leave species. Therefore, this study suggests that the two conifer species (P. orientalis and C. arizonica) can be used for phytoremediation, although further research is needed to make a final decision.
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Spring 2023)
Abstract
Aims: In this study, the effects of age and cut slope characteristics of forest roads were investigated on the water quality properties of streams in Hyrcanian forest of Darabkola (Mazandaran province).
Material & Methods: Twelve points were randomly selected at four stations including road age (15 and 30 years) and cut slope (13, 15, 18 and 20%) and water and soil sampling was performed. Acidity, electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), nitrate, phosphate and ammonium were measured. Comparison of soil properties shows a significant difference at three points on the trench and at each station.
Findings: Results showed that the cut slope had a significant effect on all variables of the waterways. Among the studied variables of water quality, although pH and EC showed significant variations considering the utilization and road treatments, as the soil has many daily and temporary variations; definitive decisions cannot be made regarding the impact of utilization and characteristics of forest roads on them.
Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be stated that in the present study, the factors affecting the quality of waterways and the relative impact of anthropogenic and natural factors involved in water quality were determined. So, this study is a good starting point for further research on the details and objectives of forest management in order to preserve this ecosystem.
Volume 28, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Davison has two famous articles against conventionalism. The core of his argument is to scrutinize erroneous but successful conversations which happen in language occasionally and conventional meaning cannot explain how the speaker and the listener understand each other in these cases. However, his premises are not clear and it makes it difficult to study and criticize his main point. We believe there are at least five premises such as: 1) The listener comprehends the words the speaker has said in their conventional meaning; 2) If the conversation is successful then the listener has understood the words and sentences in their general first meaning; 3) Sometimes the conversation is successful although there are some misuse of words; 4) In these cases the conventional meaning is not the same as general first meaning; 5) If the listener comprehends the words in their general first meaning, then he has not in his mind their conventional meaning; so (Conclusion) conventionalism is not acceptable. We claim that we can save the conventionalism by analyzing these premises and pointing out that users of a language can have several meanings of a word in their mind and choose between them according to hints and backgrounds. Besides, conventional theory of meaning can accept new and different uses of words that have already been used in some old fashion ways, and in addition, special cases occur rarely in everyday use of linguistic expressions. So, opposing Davidson, we have sound grounds to keep conventionalism.
