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Aims: Active methodologies promote critical thinking, synthesis, and inferences. Simulation techniques create a safe environment that facilitates multidisciplinary clinical decision-making. Problem-based learning develops autonomous learning and teamwork, while the inverted classroom model promotes communication, leadership, patient-centered care, and conflict resolution. Service learning initiatives motivate new knowledge and skills and develop values such as solidarity and civic responsibility. This study aimed to explain how successful practices, understood as the application of active methodologies centered on the learner, contribute to the teaching and learning of physical therapy.
Information & Methods: In this systematic review, 80 articles were identified using a bibliographic methodology. Then, the number of documents was reduced to 49, comprising 44 articles, 3 books, and 2 theses, by searching different databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, SciELO, ERIC, ReseachGate, Dialnet, and Clinical Key.
Findings: The results correspond to active methodologies, simulation in physical therapy, problem-based learning, collaborative or team-based learning, inverted classroom, interprofessional learning, and formative practices. These diverse pedagogical strategies have been demonstrated effectively in festering autonomous, self-managed, and self-regulated learning, as well as enhancing clinical reasoning, critical thinking, communication skills, problem-solving abilities, and collaborative teamwork within the teaching-learning process of physical therapy.
Conclusion: The active teaching methodologies foster the development of communication and problem-solving skills, equipping students to tackle challenges in their professional futures.
 

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Syntactic complexity has received much attention in English for academic purposes (EAP) research. However, it remains an ignored area of EAP research in the Philippines. This study cross-examined syntactic complexity in research articles (RAs) authored by Filipino researchers (FRs) in Communication, Curriculum and Instruction, and Psychology. Major findings revealed that attributive adjectives, nominal prepositional phrases, and noun premodifiers most dominantly co-occurred across disciplinary RAs. A significant difference exists between the three nominal pre- and postmodifiers and other compressed and implicit and elaborated and explicit syntactic features. As such, Filipino-authored disciplinary RAs are characterized by a compressed and implicit discourse style. Therefore, L2 academic research writing by FRs regardless of the disciplines is syntactically complex with the use of the three compressed and implicit phrasal features. It is likewise filled with very dense packaging of information by the three nominal phrases. The study has practical implications for academic research writing instruction, academic research journals, and professional development training.
 

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Within the context of climate change, water scarcity is the major constraint to the viability of many crops. Thus, it is necessary to develop strategies for sustainable water management, and introduce alternative crops to sustain the viability of agro-ecosystems. The main objective of this work was to assess the performance of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) subjected to different plant densities and irrigation. Two cultivars (Carma and Ermes) were tested at three plant densities i.e. 40,000, 20,000, and 10,000 plants ha^-1, under two irrigation regimes: i) fully irrigated with total water supply equal to 100% of ETc; and ii) deficit irrigation with 80% of ETc. The experimental design was a split-split plot with four replications per combination. At harvest, yield and its components (weight, plant height, stem diameter, and the weight of leaves and flowers relative to the stem weight) were evaluated. Also, the production of chemical compounds for medical use (terpenoids, and fatty acids Omega 3 and 6) were analyzed. The results showed that cv. Carma was the most appropriate in agricultural terms, with a yield significantly higher than cv. Ermes. In terms of plant density, 40,000 and 20,000 plants ha^-1 gave the best results for yield, without significant impact by irrigation rates. Regarding the capability of these varieties to produce relevant chemicals, cv. Ermes yielded higher amounts than did cv. Carma. This work offers a preliminary assessment for hemp cultivation in Andalusia (SW Spain), with important potential under local agro-climatic conditions.

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Water is the most limiting factor in irrigated agriculture, mainly in Mediterranean environments, as in the case of southwest Spain. In this area, almond is one of the most valuable crops due to its high drought tolerance. This work examines the crop coefficients (K_C) based on four drainage lysimeters installed in an experimental young almond orchard. Complementary, two deficit-irrigation treatments were tested: (1) moderate deficit-irrigation (M_DI), which received 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ET_C) during the irrigation period, except during the kernel-filling stage and pre-harvest, when irrigation was 50% of ET_C; and (2) severe deficit irrigation (S_DI), in which water was applied according to the values of leaf-water potential at midday (Ψ_leaf), this being maintained at between -1.6 and -2.0 MPa. The crop’s physiological response to water stress was monitored throughout the study period by assessing the leaf-water potential (Ψ_leaf) and canopy temperature (T_C) dynamics. The K_C values changed from 0.4 at the beginning of irrigation period to a maximum of 1.1 during the maximum evaporative demand period. From this stage on, the Kc gradually decreased to 0.4 at the end of the season. In physiological terms, both Ψ_leaf and T_C showed a temporal evolution according to defined irrigation strategies. Moreover, significant relationship (r2 = 0.63, P<0.05) was obtained between Yleaf and the difference between leaf and air temperature values (AT). the difference between leaf and air temperature values; evidencing the feasibility of using T_C for water-stress management. Thus, the findings highlight the importance of local K_C to optimize water use and irrigation scheduling in almond orchards.

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Many new varieties of mandarins have not been characterized from the nutritional and organoleptic point of view. It is important to know this information in order to select the cultivars of the highest quality. We characterized the physicochemical properties of 9 commercial early-maturing mandarins from south-east Spain: Four "Traditional Clementines" (Clemenules, Orogrande, Arrufatina, Oronules), 4 "New Clementines" (Loretina, Mioro, Clemenpons and Clemenrubí or Prim-23) and one "Satsuma" (Iwasaqui). ‘Oronules’, ‘Clemenules’ and ‘Iwasaki’ were the varieties that had the highest fresh weight (>120 g). The “Mioro” variety had the highest acidity (12.50 g L^-1), and the juices from “Loretina” and “Mioro” showed the highest values of total soluble solids: 12.77 and 12.57 (ºBrix), respectively. “Loretina” and “Oronules” showed the most elevated values of total phenolic compounds, with 78.75 and 75.56 mg L^-1 respectively. The main volatile compound was the monoterpene limonene. Following limonene in concentration was b-myrcene (25 μg L^-1). “Clemenrubí” was the best variety for fresh consumption among the 9 examined, due to its high content of total phenols and ascorbic acid. Limonene was the main aroma of the mandarin juice, and the “Mioro” cultivar showed a different profile from the rest of cultivars studied according to the principal component analysis performed.

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 Pomegranate fruit maturity status is commonly assessed based on external (skin) colour, juice colour and acidity of juice. Some researchers have studied the correlation between the parameters of the skin colour and acidity, total soluble solids, citric acid and anthocyanins. This study describes the relationship existing between solar radiation and a colorimetric maturity index in the pomegranate varietal group “Mollar de Elche”. We propose a fuzzy methodology. The aim of this kind of study is to obtain on estimation a range of possible values that reflects reality. Using this methodology four phases were obtained, in which there is no relationship between radiation and the colorimetric Maturity Index (MIc) in phases 1 and 4, but there is such a relationship in phases 2 and 3. Fuzzy math demonstrates the positive relationship between radiation and MIc, confirming that fuzzy regression is appropriate for making estimations that reflect reality among variables showing a weak relationship. There is a high degree of uncertainty in the relationship between the colorimetric maturity index and the incident radiation. The individual values of radiation do not correspond to one sole value of MIc, but to a wide range of the same, due to several factors, such as fruit orientation, luminosity, etc. Fuzzy math reveals the positive relationship between net radiation and MIc in phases 2 and 3. All this shows that the fuzzy regression may be appropriate for making estimations reflect reality when the variables show a weak relationship.

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The effect of storage at 0 and 20°C for 30 days with and without a passive Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and the effect of a freezing storage at -20, -40 and -80°C for 10 months followed by 1 week at 5°C on overall quality of Deglet Nour dates were studied. After the storage time, the physicochemical properties and sensory quality, microbial development, and moth infestation (Ectomyelois ceratoniae) of dates were monitored. It was observed that the storage temperature greatly affected the overall quality of dates. The 0°C was recommended for a short-term storage of fresh dates of one month. The MAP technique (6 kPa O₂+12 kPa CO₂) showed a positive effect on keeping overall quality of dates at 20ºC. However, for a long-term storage (10 months in frozen conditions plus 1 week at 5ºC), all freezing temperatures assayed kept the overall quality of dates and no differences were observed among them. In order to minimize the global costs, -20°C was considered as the most adequate temperature for a long-term freezing storage period. In conclusion, these chilling and freezing techniques could be recommended for commercial use at industrial scale.