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Translation Studies seems to have succeeded to establish itself as an area of enquiry for scholars. Patterns of flourishing this discipline with its diverse audience is not well studied, though. The present study used scientometric and bibliometric analyses to identify and assess topics and trends of Translation Studies over time, as evidence of evolution over the course of time. Documents (from 1931 to 2021) were extracted from Scopus to examine relevant indicators; document types, top journals, authors’ networks, institutes/universities, organizational support, countries and interdisciplinary contributions. In addition, VOSviewer, network and cluster density visualization and word co-occurrences were utilized to analyze and evaluate the development of the field. Trend analysis was considered at three intervals. The analyses showed that over a 90-year time span (1931-2021), 13916 documents were published by 21509 authors from 16323 institutes/universities that contributed to the scientific mobility of Translation Studies. Authors’ cooperation from 124 countries emerged in four clusters led by the US, the UK, Spain and China. In its course of development, Translation Studies witnessed a remarkable proliferation of documents since the 2000s onward. Relevant topics were shown by keywords analysis, and interrelationships of Translation Studies with other disciplines were explored. The findings offer analyses of trends and topics in Translation Studies, as evidence of scientific evolution, attested by the interdisciplinary contributions and bibliometric findings.
 

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 This study analyzes the semantic meaning of the word "zanīm" in verse 13 of Surah Al-Qalam and, by examining contemporary Persian translations, seeks to clarify the precise meaning of this word. As an example of words with evolving meanings in the Quran, "zanīm" is used only once in the mentioned verse and does not appear in any other verses in any derived or related forms. This rare occurrence presents challenges for accurately interpreting the word, reflecting the lack of consensus on its meaning among translators and exegeses of the Quran. Consequently, this ambiguity and the multiplicity of interpretations emphasize the need for a systematic and semantic study—one that, through analyzing the context of the verse and reviewing linguistic and exegetical perspectives, can offer a more accurate understanding of the word "zanīm" and, thus, provide a basis for resolving the challenges in its comprehension and translation. The significance of this study lies in its precise examination of how the word "zanīm" is used and the analysis of its various meanings and interpretations, which can be beneficial for researchers in Quranic studies. The aim of the research is to provide a comprehensive understanding and propose a more accurate translation for the word "zanīm" within the context of the verse. The research method is analytical-descriptive, and related meanings are explored based on the views of interpreters and lexicographers. The findings indicate that "zanīm" carries a negative connotation, referring to individuals who, due to improper behavior, false lineage, or

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This study reports nine species of Nomiinae bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) for the first time from Kerala, India: Austronomia capitata (Smith, 1875), A. goniognatha (Cockerell, 1919), A. ustula (Cockerell, 1911), Gnathonomia argenteobalteata (Cameron, 1902), Hoplonomia incerta (Gribodo, 1894), Lipotriches torrida (Smith, 1879), L. exagens (Walker, 1860), Lipotriches minutula (Friese, 1909), and L. pulchriventris (Cameron, 1897). Lipotriches torrida, a rarely collected species, is documented outside its type locality for the first time. Another uncommon species, G. argenteobalteata, last recorded in 1902 from an unspecified location in India, has been rediscovered in the present study. A comprehensive checklist of 42 Nomiinae species from Kerala is provided, incorporating new distributional records and floral associations based on original records and literature review. Brief diagnoses for all collected species are also presented.

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Reproductive performance and life expectancy of the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch were determined on seven eggplant cultivars (Isfahan, Dezful, Shend-Abad, Neishabour, Bandar-Abbas, Jahrom and Borazjan) at 25 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% R.H. and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. The results revealed that the TSSM gross hatch rate varied from 59% on Bandar-Abbas to 83% on Dezful. The gross fecundity rate was 59.726, 31.430, 31.443, 14.461, 19.328, 16.035 and 20.560 eggs/female and the net fecundity rate was 25.804, 17.496, 15.139, 7.620, 5.931, 7.526 and 11.947 eggs/female on the above-mentioned cultivars, respectively. The highest and lowest value of the net fertility rate was 20.735 eggs/female on Isfahan and 3.495 eggs/female on Bandar-Abbas, respectively. Also, the gross fertility rate was the highest on Isfahan (47.994 eggs/female) and the lowest on Bandar-Abbas (11.390 eggs/female). The values of the mean eggs per day varied from 2.040 to 6.560 eggs/female, which was minimum on Neishabour and maximum on Isfahan. The life expectancy of one-day-old adults of the TSSM was estimated to be 7.550, 8.380, 5.820, 4.850, 5.440, 5.330 and 3.950 days on the above-mentioned cultivars, respectively. Comparison of the reproductive parameters of the TSSM on the examined cultivars revealed that Isfahan was the most susceptible cultivar and Neishabour was the most resistant cultivar to this pest. Using resistant host plants is one of the most important components of an integrated pest management program.

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Aims: Adolescence is one the most precarious periods of life, concerning the drug abuse. The social cost of the drug abuse and injury among adolescents is extraordinary and requires intervention. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is perhaps the most influential theory for prediction of social and health behaviors including drug abuse. This study aimed at designing and implementing a curriculum based on the TPB for preventing adolescents from drug abuse. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Hamadan, west Iran. We recruited 140 male high school students from randomly selected schools: they were divided into experimental group, n = 70 and control group, n = 70. The experimental group received 20 hours educational program based on the TPB. The control group receives no intervention. Findings: Compared to the control group, experimental group have significantly elevated post test scores for attitude (19.07 vs. 15.28, p < .001), subjective norm (18.08 vs. 16.45, p < .001), perceived behavioral control (51.67 vs. 54.82, p < .001); and their intention to use drug significantly decreased(p = 0.082) Conclusions: The TPB-based educational program may be effective in prevention of substance abuse among adolescents.

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Background: Although Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) rarely threatens the humans’ lives, those individuals suffering from such pain experience a variety of health-related problems and difficulties such as physical disability. This study aimed to determine the relationship between low back pain and physical disability among nurses working in Pastor Hospital of Bam, Kerman, Iran.
Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among nurses and paramedics who suffering from chronic low back pain and working in Pastor Hospital in Agu, 2015. Through randomly sampling, 120 eligible individuals were recruited of which 104 individuals were satisfied to enter to the study. The standard tools of Owsestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analog Scale (Vas) as well as demographic questionnaire were used to collect data. The SPSS software, version 18 was used to analyze the data.
Results: In all, 104 participants with mean age of 34.7 ± 8.9 were assessed. The majority of the participants (N = 90, 86.5%) were female. There were significant association between functional disability and low back pain intensity (P < 0.001). Furthermore, Pearson correlation showed that there were significant positive relationship between duration of back pain and disability (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the chronic low back pains among nurses were related to their disability. Therefore, it seems to improving low back pain among this target group can be an effective step to improve their physical function in their workplaces.

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Nowadays, the development of the main pillar is moving towards the globalisation of higher education and skilled human resources; the main character is the country's progress. So that higher education in the spatial planning strategy document, one of the most important factors of growth and scientific development and the realisation of the goals and strategic plans, human resource development that upbringing religious human resources, specialists and skills tailored to the needs of the country, the region and the world referred and the happen this paramount issue only through the institutions of education, especially higher education system possible. The importance of this issue this study aims to deem the role of collegiate sports as an important chapter in the growth and development of human capital in higher education, which includes the majority of the student class. This thread was raised to impose specific planning and provide a new pattern with a dynamic vision that leads to an increase in the functionality and capabilities of human resources, and with this action can be taken a fundamental step in the development of higher education. This research methodology was descriptive-analytical, which was done by collecting and analysing information. In order to achieve the research objectives, some problems and obstacles were identified, which caused disorder in the development of higher education and human resources. The obtained results showed that collegiate sport is important, and in case pays attention to them, one will see progress and development of higher education in the country and the world. 

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Abd al-Hamid bin Badis (1889-1940) is considered one of the greatest contemporary reformist religious figures in Algeria and in the Arab world and the Islamic world. At a time when the French colonization tried to deprive the Algerian people of their Islamic and national identity and even finally decided to annex Algeria to the French territory, Ben Badis, by establishing the "Jamayat Ulama Muslimin", tried to revive Islam and the Arabic language and culture. and rely on the national spirit to neutralize colonial conspiracies. . By adopting a cultural and educational policy, he had a great impact on the Algerian political arena and dealt a heavy blow to French colonialism. The current study has a descriptive-analytical approach and its main goal is to investigate the religious reformist approach of Abdul Hamid bin Badis in confronting French cultural colonialism in Algeria. The main questions of this research are
 

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Aim: Tobacco use is one of the major causes of death worldwide and the most preventable risk factor of the coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes, risk perception and perceived vulnerability toward to water pipe (WP) smoking among male students in Zarandieh city of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 400 male adolescents in 2011-2012. A multiple-stage sampling protocol was used. The participants completed a self-report questionnaire about demographics, knowledge, attitude and beliefs about WP smoking and their tobacco use background. Data were analyzed by SPSS16. Findings: The prevalence of WP smoking was 72 (18%). Also 50% of participants believed water pipe smoking is less harmful compared to cigarettes. The mean score of knowledge, attitude, and risk perception for non smokers was higher from smokers (knowledge 4.9±2.1, attitude 19.5±4.3 and risk perception 18.6±3.3 versus 3.4±1.5, 15.6±5.5 and 15.4±4.3 respectively), whereas smokers reported a fairly high level of perceived stress and depression (perceived vulnerability). Conclusion: Noticing the side effects of tobacco use and the high prevalence of incorrect perceived WP smoking beliefs among students, provision of educational programs for the correction of the beliefs of students regarding WP smoking is recommended.

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Aim: Benefits of Skin-to-Skin Contact (SSC) between mother and her newborn, specifically when it is conducted immediately after birth, have been recognized for more than 40 years. To determine why SSC is not conducted, the present study considers the opinions of the labor working midwifes about the reinforcing factors in SSC immediately after birth in Tehran's hospitals in 2012-2013. Methods: In this descriptive study, we have employed the reinforcing factors of the phase 3 of PRECEDE-PROCEED model. The samples consisted of 292 midwifes who were responsible for delivery or for newborns immediately after birth in 18 hospitals of Tehran. The sampling was firstly performed using stratified and then simple random manner. They were classified into educational, social security, and private hospitals. Data collection instrument was a self-developed questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, social support and midwifes' motivation to conduct the reinforcing factors in the SCC at birth. It was derived from a qualitative study. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was conducted through applying the SPSS version 18. Findings: The results show that 93.8% of midwifes had a good idea about social support of the midwifes with Cronbach's alpha 0.744 and 96.6% of them believed in the Midwifes ' motivation in skin contact effects with Cronbach's 0.773. Conclusions: The midwives believed in the key role of reinforcing factors such as social support and their own motivation in successful and standard SSC. Therefore, further studies are suggested on exploring the opinions of pediatric, obstetrics and anesthesia specialists, midwives, mothers and their husbands concerning the SSC.

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The subfamily Cremastinae Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was studied in Fars and Hormozgan provinces (southern Iran). The specimens were collected using Malaise traps and sweeping nets. Nine species were identified of which two species including Temelucha afghana Šedivý, 1968 and Temelucha confluens (Gravenhorst, 1829) are new records for the fauna of Iran. With result of this study, the number of Cremastinae species known from Iran has increased to 24 species in six genera. An identification key to Iranian Cremastinae is provided, as well as a morphological diagnosis for the newly recorded species.

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Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the most common occupational health education problems in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an occupational ergonomic training educational programon awareness, attitude and work-related musculoskeletal disorders behavior among Office Workers.
Methods and Materials: Firstly,200 office workers from 12 health centerswere recruited. Withresponse rate of 90%, 180 eligible participants, were assigned to receive an 8-week participatory ergonomic occupational training educational program available in Shemiranat, Tehran, Iran. A self-controlled longitudinal study with pre/post design was used to evaluate the effects of the intervention among office workers in 2015-2016. Post-test was then administered to the participants to identify changes at 3 months after intervention.
Results: Totally, 200 participants with a mean age of 37.48 ± 8.78 years old completed this study. The 3-month follow-up rate was 90%. After the intervention, the awareness rate, attitude and MSDs work-related health behaviors were improved. The self-reported prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders for neck, shoulder, upper and lower back pain or discomfort were significantly lower than before intervention (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The MSDs work related behaviors as well as MSDs prevalence can be improved through the health education program. It is recommended that further research with larger sample and longer follow up be conducted to confirm the findings of this study.

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Sports volunteer movement and capital development challenges

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In order to study the role of Pythium species associated with cantaloupe root and crown rot, samples were collected from infected fields in different areas of Khorasan Razavi province during 2009-2010. The Root pieces were washed and cultured on CMA-PARP medium. The pythium isolates were then purified by hyphal tip method and identified based on van der Plaats-Niterink mycological key. The pathogenic species were identified as Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum var. ultimum, and P. deliense. The pathogenicity of isolates on cantaloupe seedlings was tested under greenhouse conditions by using wheat grain inoculum. The results indicated that P. aphanidermatum was the most prevalent species and was recovered in all the regions. P. ultimum was isolated from Neyshabour, Fariman and Mashhad whereas P. deliense was detected in Khaaf. This to our knowledge, is the first report on occurrence and distribution of Pythium species causing root and stem rot on cantaloupes in Khorasan province.

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Aim: Promotion of oral health in schools is one of the recommended polices of WHO. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Oral Hygiene Beliefs according to the Health Belief Model in regular brushing behavior, among the 9-10 years old female students. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on the female students of Rasht-Iran in 2012. Applying the statistical estimation, the sample population was determined 265 who were selected from 22 schools using systematic sampling method. Nearly 12 students were selected from each school using simple randomized method. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire and the results were analyzed using descriptive methods, and analytical methods including Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test and Logistic regression. Finding: Among the samples, 17.4% brushed at least twice a day. The logistic regression analysis indicated that perceived severity (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27- 0.86, P = 0.014), perceived barriers (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.29- 3.02, P = 0.002) and mothers' educational level (OR = 4.78, 95% CI = 1.24- 18.46, P = 0.023) were the significant predicting factors for tooth brushing twice a day or more. There are significant statistical correlations among the perceived severity of loosing good eating and good speaking, and perceived barriers of tiredness, laziness and impatience with desirable behavior. Overall 66.5% agreed with one of the two physical barriers: painful tooth brushing and gums bleeding. Conclusion: Promoting educational level and educational programs for Iranian women are recommended. Planning useful educational interventions for the students of concrete operational stage is required attention to the application of Piaget’s Theory of cognitive development. Educational interventions should focus on items of beliefs named above. At least 70 percent of Iranian people need to learn the correct ways of brushing teeth.

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Aim: Using short text messages (SMS) is the easiest and cheapest method of health education programs in order to increase women’s’ knowledge and early detection of diseases. This study was conducted in 2013 in order to compare the educational effect of breast self examination (BSE) by two different methods of SMS and lecturing in female students who work and study in non- medical fields. Method: In a quasi-experimental study, 108 twenty- two to thirty year old female students of non- medical fields were chosen by random cluster sampling and then divided into 2 groups. One group was educated by lecturing and the other by SMS. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic, knowledge, attitude and performance sections (KAP) and a check list for direct observation. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software, using parametric statistical tests (paired T-test) with the significant level of p<0.05. Findings: After education in both groups, a significant difference was observed in the average scores of KAP (p= 0.001). Educating by both lecturing and SMS promoted the level of KAP about BSE (p=0.001). KAP score of doing BS in text message group was higher than the lecture group (p=0.001). SMS was chosen as the best way of BSE education. Conclusion: Compared KAP scores about the quality of doing BSE in the SMS group were higher than the lecture group; therefore, it is suggested that this educating method can be used in the health education programs especially in controlling breast cancer and maintaining the level of health among women in the society.

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Background: The concept of self efficacy and physical self-concept have been shown to be an effective predictor of behavior in many areas of health. This study investigated the relationships between foot-care self-efficacy beliefs, Physical self-concept, self-reported foot-care behavior in people with diabetes.
Methods and Material: This is a cross sectional study in which the 90 diabetic individuals who had been admitted to the diabetic clinic of health centers located in Mashhad- Iran between the years 2015 and 2016 was invited to be entered into the study. The demographic questionnaire and the self-report "Foot Care Confidence Scale" (FCCS) questionnaire and also the self-report Marsh “Physical Self-Description Questionnaire” (PSDQ) were applied to measure data. SPSS 20.0 was used for the analyses.
Results: Ninety patients with a mean age of 51.82 ± 11.3 years were assessed. There is the significant association between foot-care self-efficacy beliefs and higher foot care behavior. (r = 0.4, P < 0.05). Also, there was a significant association between physical self-concept and foot-care, so that people who had a better physical self-concept had better foot care behavior.
Conclusions: This study has found that foot-care self-efficacy beliefs and physical self-concept improvement could help foot-care behavior improvement among diabetic people.