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Ice cream frozen mixture of milk composition, materials, sweeteners, stabilizers, emulsifiers and flavor is produced. Ice cream is a combined food with a variety of colloidal features due to the structure of the various components, such as ice crystals and dispersed air cells in serum phase. In this study sensory evaluation of ice-cream was studied by using different ratios of sucralose as a substitute of sugar in the ice cream. Vanilla ice cream with 19% sugar was used as a control sample and sucralose in five levels (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) was substituted for sugar in the formulation. Then sensory evaluations were investigated. During the Results showed that in this study, there was no significant difference in samples (p<0/05). Sensory properties by judges taste was used five-point hedonic scale. But only 20% substitution level had a significant effect on the properties of texture, mouth feel and overall acceptability.

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To investigate the causes of food waste in Zanjan city, 30 bakery stores were selected randomly and by going directly to them, the components of the formulation that make up the bread was collected containing samples of flour , yeast , yeast bread consumption production. In this study the qualitative properties of yeast, the amount of bread waste, bread bakery shelf-life and moisture preservation were determined. Microbiological analysis were done on five types of flour, 6 types of yeast and 24 types of sourdough used in baking. Furthermore, consumption of soda was determined (in breads with a pH greater than 6.2) or its use in the production of bread as a yeast alternative.The qualitative features of yeast showed that the half of the yeast samples had not ability to produce enough gas which was an effective technological problem at Zanjan bakeries (6.9%). Microbiological tests showed that the used yeast infected by E. coli but in the bread flour samples, the results comply with the standard. Microbial populations in different sourdough samples were very versatile and varied quantitatively with each other. Studies showed that about 5 percent of bakeries have used of soda as an alternative to yeast. Amount of the bread wastes reached to 27/17 % which the 0.5 % owned soda consumption, 6.9% belonged to low quality yeast and 5.17 % was due to non-compliance with fermentation time. The shelf life of bread and moisture preservation in pita bread with a low pH level of 6.2 significantly were higher than breads with a pH greater than 2/6 respectively.So, due to the lower performance of yeast and lack of the needed time for properly fermentation, also the poor quality of processed breads with baking soda, it is recommended to use the healthy bakery yeast and sourdough with uniformity of microbial characteristics.