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Well-being includes phenomena such as mental health, life satisfaction, positive attitude and feeling happiness. The present study deals with the relationship between language and well-being and claims that well-being factors are expressed in the words of the language. For example, the happiness factor in a language is reflected by certain words such as happy, happiness and satisfied. The theoretical framework of the present study is ecolinguistics. The method is corpus based. The data is extracted from the research of Secretariat of Emotional Intelligence of Tehran Education in 2017. In this study, the well-being status of 1095 high school students, the first and second period, girls and boys, public and private of District One of Tehran have been evaluated. The students' responses to the question about well-being criteria are the base of the present study. The corpus consists of 1161 words with a frequency of 35,455. The content words associated with the five Well-being factors of engagement (occupation and entertainment), perseverance, optimism, connectedness and happiness were extracted in the framework of the semantic map of Jiaqi Wu et al. (2017), by using top-down method. They were analyzed using Excel and SPSS soft-wares. Some examples of the words that represent the well-being factor of happiness are: “relaxation, facilities, happy, healthy, fun, health, happiness, excellent, pleasant, relaxed, happy, satisfied, faith, satisfaction, enjoyed, happiness, joy, and fun”. The research findings show 6845 words of the corpus (about35.7%) are related to well-being, and there is a significant relationship between well-being factors and produced words

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Aim and Introduction
Today, the environment is considered as one of the most important pillars of sustainable development, and the development of other economic and social sectors depends on its sustainability and proper functioning. Environmental pollution has become one of the main challenges of countries. Environmental health is currently one of the most critical concerns of people and officials round the world. Almost all managers and decision makers believe that this national wealth should be protected not only for the current generation but also for future generations, since the pollutants caused by industries are highly costly and detrimental to health.
Active industries are one of the main sources of environmental pollution. One of the necessary conditions for economic progress and the introduction of extensive structural changes in economic and technological fields is industrialization and industrial development. In the production process, using production inputs whose main source is the environment, in addition to desirable outputs such as consumer goods, undesirable outputs such as environmental pollutants are also produced. If the number of outputs is not controlled and disproportionate, the losses from undesirable outputs will be greater than the benefits of desirable products in such a way that damages to the environment would be irreparable and sustainable development less likely to be achieved.
One of the most important concerns related to industrialization is the effects and environmental consequences of industrial activities. Therefore, achieving the necessary solutions to control such consequences is vitally important. Minerals are essential for human survival, but their extraction and processing are not environmentally friendly practices which contribute to problems such as soil erosion, air and water pollution. On the other hand, mineral sector is one of the largest energy consumers which has active contribution to air pollution and global warming. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the economic effects of Gol Gohar mine in Sirjan. For this purpose, it is intended to determine the type and amount of pollutants released from this complex, and also to determine the amount of the green tax of the complex as a solution to reduce pollution and examine the social welfare resulting from reducing pollution.
Methodology
In this study, the economic effects of environmental pollutants of Gol Gohar Iron Mine in Sirjan (Southeastern Iran), is investigated using the input distance function model from 2001 to 2022. Through calculating the shadow price of pollutants, a criterion for determining the green tax is determined, and then the amount of social cost resulting from the emission of pollutants is calculated.
The shadow price of the undesirable output is the cost that the producer must bear if they plan to reduce the production of the undesirable output. In fact, it can be interpreted as the marginal cost of reducing pollution for each producer. Therefore, the shadow price of the desirable output is considered positive and equal to the market price of that output, but the shadow price of the undesirable output must be estimated to be less than zero.
Findings
The products of Gol Gohar Iron Ore Complex in Sirjan, include granulated iron ore, iron ore concentrate and pelletized in the production process. The most greenhouse gases and air pollutants are related to carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur oxides (Sox), nitrogen oxides (Nox) and particulate matter (SPM). According to the obtained results, the average shadow price for air pollutants in Gol Gohar complex for CO2, Sox Nox, and SPM was calculated as 11.15, 3,074.5, 5,529.62, and 1,875.62 rials per kilogram respectively. Moreover, the average total social costs resulting from the production of Gol Gohar Sirjan Complex was calculated as 92,710 billion Rials according to the amount of pollution produced over the period.
Discussion and Conclusion
The estimation of environmental costs is actually an introduction to providing solutions for internalizing and reducing environmental costs, using the input distance function model and the shadow price of environmental pollutants in the industrial and mineral complex of Gol Gohar, Sirjan. The title of the largest producer of iron ore in the country was calculated, and the social cost resulting from the emission of pollutants was also evaluated. Finally, in this study, solutions and mechanisms for reducing environmental costs have been proposed.
Considering that the ability to absorb pollutants by the environment is limited, the shadow price of pollutants, which represents their real social cost, should be taken into consideration. The damages should also be determined based on the shadow price of the pollutants. In other words, the amounts of pollutant emission should be calculated and while taking into account the allowed limit of pollutant emission and shadow prices, based on a legal plan, the environmental costs should be reimbursed. Taking such measures would surely require more studies and capable executive management system

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Aims: Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction (PS) is one of the most essential factors in improving the quality of healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to determine the norms and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Najmiyeh Outpatients Satisfaction Questionnaire (NOSQ). Methods and Materials: This study has been conducted on 240 outpatients in Najmiyeh subspecialty hospital (Tehran-Iran) in 2011. They were selected using the proportional simple random sampling method. Following the confirmation of the content validity, we considered the construct validity and reliability applying Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's Alpha. Also, SPSS and AMOS version 18 were used for data analysis. Findings: The sample population consisted of 240 subjects, including 132 females (55.1%) and 108 males (44.9%). The EFA reported three important factors in this regard, with a variance of 54% and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index of 0.82, all approved by the CFA (RMSEA= 0.04, CFI= 0.96). The outpatients' satisfaction factors were: “hospital information system, treatment and conditions”. The reliability of the questionnaire was reported at %71 based on the Cronbach's alpha. Conclusions: Both validity and the reliability indexes of the NOSQ have been reported at a desirable level; therefore it can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to measure the outpatients' satisfaction.

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Recently, flexible and environmental-friendly aerogel blankets have attracted considerable attention. In this work, the novel silica aerogel/basalt blanket was prepared using basalt fibers via a two-step sol-gel process followed by an ambient drying method and immersing the basalt fiber layer into silica sol. The silica aerogel particles were characterized by FTIR, FE-SEM and nitrogen adsorption analysis. The morphology, hydrophobic properties and surface roughness of neat basalt fiber and its aerogel blanket were also investigated. The density if 0.34 g/cm³, the porosity of 85%, mean pore size of 7±1.5 nm and the surface area of 750 m²/g for the nanostructured silica aerogel particles are obtained. The formation of nanostructured silica aerogel particles on the surface of basalt fibers in the sol-gel process were efficiently occurred leading to a strong hydrophobicity the blanket samples (contact angle of 114°) compared to the hydrophilic neat basalt fibers. The surface roughness of basalt fiber in the blanket samples was increased due to the fiber surface coating with silica aerogel particles. Increasing the sol volume in the synthesis process increased the basalt surface roughness from 3.6μ to 11μ. 

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Aim: Patients' satisfaction (PS) is a dominant concept in medical care, due to the gap in the literature on Persian version of PS instruments, this study has conducted with aim to analyze the validity and reliability of self-designed Najmiyeh Inpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire (NISQ). Methods: This study was carried out on 247 inpatients that came in Najmiyeh subspecialty hospital in Tehran (the capital city of Iran) during year 2011 who were selected by proportional stratified sampling method. Statistical analysis used: In this study, after checking content validity we used confirmatory and explanatory factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha in order to examine construct validity and reliability, respectively. SPSS (version18) and AMOS (version 20) programmer were used to analyze data. Findings: Samples consisted of 247 subjects (222 women (90%) and 25 men (10%)). The explanatory factor analysis showed 5 factors with 64% total variance and 0.91 Kaser-Meyer-Olkin Index, the result also confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (PNFI=0.71, RMR=0.03, PCFI=0.76). Extracted factors consisted of: “satisfaction from nursing services and their behaviour”, “satisfaction from one’s doctor”, “satisfaction from inpatient department”, “companions’ satisfaction”, “satisfaction from one’s room”. Also the questionnaire’s reliability was 0.96 using the Cronbach's Alpha method. Conclusions: Because validity and reliability indexes of NISQ were reported in suitable range, we can confirm that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring inpatient satisfaction.

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Feminism and feministic critique of works of literature are the new topics in literature in the last century that has been highly regarded by writers and literary scholars. In contemporary Persian and Arabic literature, especially after the second half of the twentieth century, the growth of feminist approach to literature and poetry and prosing works of women-centered has been remarkable. Nawal El Saadawi and Shahrnoush Parsipour were feminist writers that protest a patriarchal system of social customs in their novels and look at the world with women mentality. Thus, due to the influence of feminist thinking and the current situation of women in novels of Saadawi and Parsipour, with an emphasis on descriptive - analytical and comparative approach, this article attempts to analyze the novels of "Diary of a doctor" and "The Dog and the Long Winter" based on feminist criticism. The findings suggest that the authors pay particular attention to factors such as protest against a patriarchal society, expression of oppression against women and women's identity an also have been trying to figure out individuality. In the field of differences, gender apartheid and hatred love and emotions of women in society are among feminist clear differences between the novels.

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The political and social changes and protests in North African countries that began in Tunisia and immediately spread to neighboring countries also led to rapid changes in the political sphere in Libya. Although these civil protests led to the fall of Muammar Gaddafi's government, they did not end there, and after the fall of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, the country entered a period of political chaos and armed conflict. In the meantime, the Muslim Brotherhood emerged as one of the key players in Libyan politics and society. In the post-Gaddafi era, the Muslim Brotherhood took advantage of the lack of centralized national power on the one hand and the acquisition of foreign support, especially from the governments of Qatar and Turkey, on the other, and expanded its political influence by establishing the Justice and Construction Party. The party achieved some success in the initial elections, but competition with nationalist and secular forces led to a decrease in the group's political achievements. The Muslim Brotherhood, with Turkish military support for the group, openly supported the Government of National Accord in the second wave of fighting that occurred in 2014. In contrast, the Libyan National Army (LNA) led by Khalifa Haftar, with support from countries opposed to the Brotherhood such as the UAE, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia, targeted the group with political and military attacks

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Haft-Owrang is one of the poems of the Ninth-Century poet, Abdol-Rahman Jami. An important illustrated version of Haft Owrang is called Sultan Ibrahim Mirza`s Version that is a master piece of Miniature, which has been illustrated by the artists of Mashhad school. The story of “Saint Josef's Survival from the Well” is one of the Haft-Owrang`s subjects illustrated by artists at the time. This paper is going to compare Jami's poems with the paintings of "Saint Josef`s survival from the well", attributed to Mozafar–Ali by descriptive-comparative method. It studies whether the literary style and figures of speech of Jami have affected the illustration of this painting, and measures the percentage of this influence through quantitative scales. It concludes that 22% of paintings are in line with the poems, while 78% of them are not. This shows the freedom of illustrators in their act of illustrating, their independency towards the poems, and their use of imagination, environment, and visage in creation of these works.

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The information structure of a sentence is concerned with the formal expression of the referents and propositions in a given discourse. The formal expression of a referent is affected, among others, by such factors as the degree of mental identifiability of the referents, the pragmatic relation of referents in a proposition, etc. Based on the identifiability parameter proposed by Lambrecht (1994), the present study is intended to analyze the different lexico-grammatical codings of the mental referents and propositions in English and Persian. To do so, the first chapter of George Orwell's “Animal Farm” and its translation by Amir Amirshahi were analyzed based on the concepts of information structure theory. The findings revealed that the morphological coding in both English and Persian is affected by the degree of identifiability of the mental referents; in particular, identifiable referents were found to be represented by weak forms and unidentifiable referents by strong forms. In addition, English and Persian preferred morphological forms were found to be different. It was also found that identifiability parameter affects both the syntactic and prosodic patterns of the languages involved. The utterances with identifiable referents were mainly matched with subject position or were mainly coded as unaccented. In addition, it was found that, unlike morphological coding of both source language (English) and target language (Persian), identifiability parameter affected the prosodic and syntactic forms of both languages almost in the same way. Chi-square and Z test were used to show the significance of the statistics.

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Background: Hepatitis B infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Given that immune response towards the vaccine is not perfect, we aimed to evaluate circumstances of immune response in vaccinated students.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 219 medical students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were recruited, who had been administered vaccine series for the first time, and booster doses after one and six months completely. The serum samples were extracted from whole blood of the participants. The concentration of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs antibody (HBsAb) was measured using a commercial ELISA kit.
Results: It was observed that 201 cases (91.8%) out of 219 cases had positive anti-HBs antibody response, and 18 subjects (8.2%) were nonresponsive cases. Level of HBsAb was significantly different between males and females as well as alcoholics and non-alcoholics. None of the cases was identified as positive for HBsAg.
Conclusion: Considering the results of the present and previous studies in other countries, it can be claimed that the mass vaccination has been effective, especially in medical students.

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M. Eyni Najaf Abadi M.A, Student in Law, Tarbiat Modares University Dr. M. J. Habibzadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Tarbiat Modares University In Islamic criminal law, the application of Ta’zir is based on particular cases of which two general ones can be mentioned, i.e. committing sin and corruption and anti-public interests. The concept of sin includes doing the prohibitions and failure in duties. In Islam, duty is rational including abstracts and religionous ones. But sin is punishable if it does not lie under the title of “had” or, according to sonnies jurists, is not an expiontion, and these kinds of sins, are punishable. The second cause for applying “Ta’zir” is committing behaviours which may not be considered as sin but involves social or individual corruption hurting the public order. In order to help the government, to prevent social corruptions and to reform people’s ideas and social orders, this type of behavior is considered a crime and the dore must be punished and is described in art. 17 of Islamic punishment Act. Furthermore, according to criminal Law, a measure for applying Ta’zir is committing a behavior considered criminal by law. So it is explicit from the principle 167 of Iranian Constitutional Act that if a behavior is not considered criminal by law, Ta’zir can not be applied. The reason is that in determining crimes and punishments, principle 36 of Iranian Constitutional Act supports principle 167 saying that the judge has to hold Ta’zir only based on the law.

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The contemporary literary theorists have examined different literary genres from different viewpoints. Among them Mikhael Bakhtin, a distinguished Russian literary critic, is a standout. Highlighting his key concept of dialogism, Bakhtin from among different literary genres describes the novel, specially Dastayovski's novels as possessing dialogic or Polyphonic quality. In such novels, the voice of the narrator isn’t dominant but is beside other voices. Among Persian literary classic texts, Masnavi – ye Manavi is one of the few texts in which the debates and dialogues between its story allegorical characters is considerably conformable to the components Bakhtin considers for dialogism. We raise and describe this conformability in this article.

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The issue of earthquake and its destructive effects is constantly confronting human being communities as an extensive challenge. The ground, upon which we are constructing our buildings, is anything but solid. Hundreds of millions of years ago the continents were joined, but now they are dispersing ever so slowly. The idea that buildings are founded on stationary ground is only an illusion. From the viewpoint of geological time, the earth’s crust is in a continuous dynamic change. The scientific understanding of this process, known as continental drift or tectonic plate movement, which is the basic cause of most earthquakes, dates back only 100 years. Quakes strike at the heart of a community. When they damage buildings, people and animals are injured and killed. Earthquakes destroy the basic necessities of life, demolishing shelter, ruining food and water supplies and disrupting people’s livelihoods. Conversely, buildings that perform well during an earthquake, limit its impact on people and their basic needs. Scientists and building construction experts have strived in order to find the solutions for reducing structures damages which are caused by trembling of the earth and diminishing the casualty rate and also detriments, from some years ago. In our country, Iran, which is located in earthquake zone and has experienced some demolishing quakes before, this matter is more significant and remarkable. Apart from the poorest of communities for whom even partial earthquake protection is unaffordable, most of the disastrous effects of earthquakes are avoidable. Earthquake-resistant construction greatly reduces the rate of victims from a damaging quake, as well as lessening economic losses and disruption to public activities. Seismic retrofitting of existing buildings is of vital and crucial issues of our society. The purpose of rehabilitating is to reduce the vulnerability of a building’s inhabitants and the building itself, its structure, non-structural elements and possibly its contents to earthquake damage. To retrofit a building is to improve its seismic performance. One of the appropriate alternatives for enhancing the structural performance of available buildings is employing composites. These materials can be applied in order to increase the confinement, shear strength and ductility of columns and also enhance in-plane shear wall strength as well as out-of-plane resistance. In addition, with taking advantage of this kind of material, the secondary weight which would be added to the primarily structure is going to be significantly reduced and this would act as an optimum approach for rehabilitating the existing buildings. In this research, firstly the exact definition of composite materials and its components and different kinds are studied. Then, the essence of earthquake and seismic forces in addition to some topics on seismic retrofitting and the essential needs for it are discussed. Eventually, concerning the abilities of composites, employing them as a suitable technique for reconciliation of structural elements of existing buildings, which is one approach of seismic retrofitting, will be proposed with hope for presenting the essential knowledge of appropriate seismic retrofitting with efficient materials to architects and civil engineers in order to diminish the ruins of earthquake effects on structures and as a result, providing the next generations of our country with safer and much more protected circumstances.

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Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri (Isoptera: Termitidae) is the most economically destructive wood pest in structures in Khuzestan province (Iran). Chemicals such as essential oils and plant extracts that are compatible with the environment and have high potential to be used in integrated pest management programs are extremely important resources. This study evaluated contact and digestive toxicity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehneh. (Myrtaceae)essential oil in no-choice and choice bioassays and feeding inhibition trials on M. diversus. Concentrations of the essential oil ranged from 0.3 to 1.6%. The results of the choice tests and feeding inhibition trial showed that the essential oil could act as a repellent at 0.7% concentration. Concentrations used in these tests resulted in mortality of termites, and a direct relationship between concentration and mortality was observed. The essential oil also increased the mortality of termites at concentrations higher than 0.7%. Termite feeding decreased with increase in concentration. Due to the ability of termites to choose the untreated filter-paper in the choice trial, values of LT and LC, were higher than in no-choice trials. The highest effects of Eucalyptus essential oil (≈100% mortality) was obtained by the concentration 1.6%. Overall, this study reveals that Eucalyptus essential oil may be suggested as an effective toxicant with suitable contact and digestive toxicity on M. diversus.  

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Background: Integrons are considered as to play a significant role in the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (collected from Zanjan hospitals between March 2015 and February 2016) were investigated for molecular characterization of MBLs and Class I and II integrons. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed based on the CLSI guidelines. The frequency of MBL producing isolates and the susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents were investigated.
Results: Based on the obtained results, Bla_IMP was the most frequently detected metallo-β-lactamase. The frequency of bla_VIM, blaSPM, and bla_SIM, in MBL producing isolates was 17.1, 57.1, and 14.1%, respectively. No bla_GIM harboring isolate was detected in our study. We detected two (5.7%) multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from the urine and sputum samples, which harbored bla_NDM-1. These isolates also contained bla_IMP and bla_SPM. Class I integron was detected in 94.3% of the MBL positive isolates while 8.5% of the isolates contained Class II integrons. Of five different gene cassettes identified in Class I and II integrons, cassette encoding resistance to trimethoprim (dfr) was found to be predominant.
Conclusion: These results indicate that Class I integrons are widespread among the MBL producing P. aeruginosa isolates. Therefore, appropriate surveillance and control measures are essential to prevent the further spread of MBL and integron producing P. aeruginosa in hospitals.­­

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In this study, the optimum combination of major factors affecting the acceptability of whey-based Ricotta cheese i.e. fat at three levels (0, 5, 10%), salt at three levels (0, 1, 2%), and starter culture at two levels (0, 3%) was determined in a complete randomized design method with a factorial experiment. Ricotta cheese trials made by mixing whey and milk in a ratio of 5:1 were then organoleptically judged on the basis of the main attributes such as color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. The collected data were then statistically analyzed using a seven point hedonic method. The results show that the addition of fat had a significant effect on all sensory attributes (p< 0.05). The incorporation of salt in the formulation also had a significant effect on flavor, color, and overall acceptability (p< 0.05) as well as on texture (p< 0.01), whereas the addition of starter culture had a significant effect only on texture (p< 0.01) and overall acceptability (p< 0.05). It was concluded that a combination of 5% fat, 2% salt, and 3% starter culture gains a higher score and could be recommended as the preferred formulation for Iranian consumers.

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Mohammad Jafar Habibzadeh Associate Professor, Department of Law, Tarbiat Modares University Hossein Babaie Ph.D. Candidate, Tarbiat Modares University "Homicide at the Marriage bed" means to kill the wife and a stranger at the time of fornication by husband. According to the 630 article of Islamic punishment if the husband himself sees his wife and a stranger at the time of fornication and killes both of them, he will be exempted from retaliation. Certainly husband has permission to homicide when his wife commits fornication Freely and not with duress or compulsion. The 179 article of public punishment law, approved in Bot 1925, had been devoted to this subject. In that time law maker without noting religious judicial principls had expanded the application of the law so that the fornication between the wife and the stranger was not a necessary condition And even if the husband saw them in a situation which made him be suspicious, he would enjoy absolute or relative exemption. About the basis of this exemption different theories are proposed by jurists and lawyers as: self defense theory, incitement theory, to do prescribed punishment, beiny outlaw of pornicator and adulteress. According to religious jurisprudence what has been qouted in the first martyr’s Durus book has been considered the basis of judgment. In this 'article we are going to judicially analyse these theories.

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The appearance of sowbugs (Hemilepistus shirazi Schuttz) in the sedimentation basins of the artificial recharge of groundwater (ARG) systems in the Gareh Bygone Plain (GBP) in southern Iran is considered an ecological breakthrough in desertification control. This study was performed at the Kowsar Floodwater Spreading and Aquifer Management Research, Training and Extension Station in GBP, 200 km from the south east of Shiraz, Iran, on the alluvial fan of Bisheh Zard River. Invasion of sowbug to sedimentation of basin due to water increasing persuade us to study about this crustacean. To determine aggregate size distribution, the soil samples were dried, and then the soil was sieved through a set of sieves (8, 4.75, 2.8, 2.0, 1.0, 0.8., 0.3 and

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Aims: How to design spaces in cities can have different effects on citizens. The objectives of this study can be to examine the impact of biophilic urban space on the stress of people.
Methods: The research method is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the study consists of 20 bachelor and master students in the field of architecture and urban planning at Tabriz University of Islamic Arts in the academic year 1400. First, students' health was identified using a call announcement and a demographic questionnaire, and these individuals were quantified for stress with the help of a smart wristband while viewing images of biophilic and non-biophilic urban spaces with the help of virtual reality glasses.
Findings: Analysis of the results shows that the average change in stress of individuals while viewing non-biophilic images was approximately 2/5 units higher than biophilic ones in the second minute. p-Value is significant between individuals with education in biophilic state and rest in 1 minute and non-biophilic in 2 minutes. The difference between stress number in non-biophilic state and biophilic in 2 minutes is significant (p-value = 023/0) and shows the positive effect of biophilic approach on reducing stress that this efficiency can be considered in the design of future urban spaces.
Conclusion: Special attention of urban designers on the structure of spaces and the use of extraction measures from the biophilic model in different scales cause the design or organization of spaces that significantly reduce the stress of people living in cities.