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Introduction
Elections, as a political behavior, are the most important arena of political participation and play a fundamental role in determining the fate of society. Participation in elections and the act of voting are also the crystallization the will of public opinion and voters. Accordingly, analyzing electoral behavior of different periods can provide a more accurate understanding of the political, social and economic developments of each period. The present study aims to investigate, explain and analyze the factors affecting electoral behavior of the tenth and eleventh periods of the Islamic Consultative Assembly elections in the constituencies of Qasr-e-Shirin, Sar-e Pol-e Zahab and Gilan Gharb. The importance, necessity and motivation for choosing the subject, on the one hand, goes back to the fundamental position of the legislative branch, whose function has a fundamental impact and role on the fate of the people and the country. On the other hand, it is related to the constituency, which has not been researched in this field so far. This work is the first study and a response to this necessity.
The theoretical framework of the research is a combination of electoral behavior models and, based on this, it analyzes the role of tribal-ethnic divide, religious divide, and city-based orientation as long-term factors and political factionalism and economic factors as short-term factors in shaping the voting pattern of the constituency.
This constituency includes three cities with a population of 165,602 people and one representative. It also has specific geographical, cultural, and historical characteristics, a diverse population, and different economic and social conditions. The people of these areas are Kurds and are formed from different tribes and clans. Culturally, they are also a mixture of Sunnis, Shiites, and Ahl al-Haqq. These characteristics have been able to leave significant and noticeable effects on political and electoral orientations over time and in different periods.

Methodology
The data gathering procedure is based library and field finding method. The number of sample is 395 people who are 20 years old and more. T-test and paired t-tests are used to compare variables in the 10^th and 11^th elections of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the study area. The statistical method is used to compare the nature of the analyses.

Discussion and Results
The results showed that the long-term and short-term variables of the research have had an effect on voting behavior in both election periods. However, there are differences in the extent and manner of the effects of the aforementioned factors between the two periods. In such a way that the role of the tribal-clan divides and county orientation has increased in the 11^th period compared to the 10^th period, which indicates the strengthening and attention to ethnic and local identities. In contrast, the role of religious divide has decreased compared to the tenth period, which could indicate a change in voters' prioritization or a change in the approach of influential individuals in this field. The role of political factionalism and the economic factor has also been greater in the 11^th period which could be due to voters' increased attention to economic and livelihood conditions and political affiliations. However, the presence of candidates as voters with special political, social characteristics and financial capabilities at unconventional expense should not be ignored in voters' behavior.

Conclusion
The analysis of the voting pattern in the constituencies of Qasr-e Shirin, Sar-e Pol-e Zahab and Gilan Gharb in the tenth and eleventh periods of the Islamic Consultative Assembly shows significant changes in voters' priorities. The results of the analysis of the voting pattern in the social, political and economic space indicate the importance of paying attention to local, ethnic, religious and cultural needs. Therefore, the analysis of the findings indicates both the change and stability of some factors in the voting pattern. Overall, the analysis of these two periods shows that voting patterns were influenced by a combination of long-term and short-term factors. While some factors, such as religious divides, have remained stable, others, such as tribal-ethnic divides, city-state orientation, and political factionalism, have seen significant changes with increasing trends. The increasing importance of economic issues in both periods also indicates that livelihood problems and obstacles have remained at the center of voters’ decision-making.

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This research aims at analyzing the narrator type and the modality governing his point of view in the short story "Frankness and Decisiveness" (1349) by Bahram Sadeghi". We have used Simpson's model (1993) in which narrative and point of view are studied utilizing a linguistic framework. The goal of this paper is to determine the type of narrator (first, second or third person) and modality of the story (positive, negative, neutral). We have assumed that the narrator is third person and modality is neutral. The data are analyzed according to categories and analytic instruments introduced by the theory; Therefore, the method of this research is descriptive-analytic. Modality in linguistics concerns the writer's view on the truth of a proposition stated in a sentence. Findings of this study show that the narrator is type B (third person) who willingly enters the characters' mind and reports their intentions and thoughts to the reader. Analyzing the modal devices in every sentence shows that the narrator uses verbs and adverbs of request, sentences stating opinions, generic sentences, imperative verbs and evaluative adjectives and adverbs all of which denote positive modality. To show the procedure which ends in a misunderstanding and also for evaluating the situation, the writer makes use of negative modality devices through which the most important elements are cognitive verbs.

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Solar energy can be utilized through different types of passive and active solar systems. One of the passive systems is the Greenhouse that provides different functions. In this research, heating performance of Greenhouse in cold climate is simulated, investigated, and analyzed by means of computer software. The results of this research showed that Greenhouse, in comparison with Direct Gain glazing system, decreases building heating load, despite the diminution of the direct radiation gains. In Ardebil, the optimal building orientation, in order to get the maximum solar gain and the minimum load in the heating period, is obtained in south west and west direction of the facade. The maximum heat loss and minimum solar gain occur through the north side of the building, which is considered as the most inappropriate facade direction for the Greenhouse system.

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Objective: Cryptorchidism is the most common deficiency of the male reproductive system and most prevalent endocrine disease of boys at birth. Insufficient prenatal anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) secretion from Sertoli cells of the testis is one of its causes. The role of this hormone and inhibin B in fertility has recently been proven. AMH is a known indicator of Sertoli cell function. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone, inhibin B, testosterone, and semen parameters in post-pubertal cryptorchidism patients. Methods: We gathered the data of this cross-sectional study from blood and semen samples of 20 patients who had a history of unilateral cryptorchidism. Patients, 20-40 years of age, referred to the Urology Ward of Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Serum levels of AMH, inhibin B and testosterone were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Semen analysis was performed by means of a computer aided semen analysis system 6.5.0. Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate the relationships between variables. Result: Significant positive relationships were existed between total sperm motility and sperm concentration (r=0.086; p<0.01), total motility and fast progressive motility (r=0.97; p<0.01), sperm concentration and fast progressive motility (r=0.9; p<0.01), white blood cell count and sperm concentration (r=0.63; p<0.05), white blood cell count and sperm motility (r=0.66; p<0.05), white blood cell count and sperm fast progressive motility (r=0.77; p<0.01), and testosterone levels and serum AMH (r=0.6; p<0.01). Conclusion: Cryptorchidism patients in this study had lower serum concentrations of AMH, inhibin B and testosterone than the normal limits. Despite the positive correlation between serum testosterone and AMH, none of the investigated hormones showed any significant relationship with semen parameters.

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Shelf life increasing of red meat has the great importance due to its perishable properties and consumers' demand to use food free synthetic preservatives. This study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of poly lactic acid film (PLA) containing different concentrations of ethanolic sumac extract (SE 1 and 3%) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO1 and 2%) on shelf life enhancement of the minced beef during cold storage. The samples were stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 12 days and analyzed at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of the storage period. All of the treatments significantly (P≤0.05) decreased total viable count, psychrotrophic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae spp. population as compared control group during the storage period. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and pH values of the non-packed samples (control) were significantly (P≤0.05) higher than the packed ones during the storage time. The combined treatments containing SE and CuO-NPs showed the highest efficiency in shelf life increasing of the cold stored minced beef in dose dependent manner. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the usage of biodegradable poly lactic acid film containing a complex of SE and CuO-NPs is effective packaging in the shelf life improvement of minced beef during 12 days of the refrigerated storage period.
 

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One of the critical methods to maintain the stability and functional properties of plant essential oils as a useful source of bioactive compounds against environmental damage is their encapsulation in nanocarrier systems such as nanoliposomes. In this study, nanoliposome containing the citron peel essential oils were prepared without the use of toxic organic solvent and by employing health-giving compounds such as sesame oil in addition to lecithin for the first time in the formulation. The stability of the samples during 30 days of storage at temperatures of 4ºC and -18ºC was determined by investigating the retention amount of phenolic compounds, pH changes, antioxidant and antimicrobial performance. The nanoliposomal samples of essential oils of hydrodistillation and supercritical CO2 of citron peel prepared with different concentrations of lecithin oil had different quantities of pH and phenol retention percentage, and their amount reduced with increasing storage time at both test temperatures. DPPH inhibitory ability and antimicrobial activity of both citron peel essential oils were improved after encapsulation in nanoliposome. But their amount in both storage temperatures decreased with the advancing of time. The nanoliposome of the supercritical fluid essential oil of citron peel respectively with the formulation containing the highest and lowest amount of lecithin oil at the storage temperature of 4ºC showed the best result in this study. Therefore, the citron peel essential oil with encapsulation in the nanoliposome system prepared from lecithin-sesame oil, due to improvement of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and its higher stability against storage temperature, can be used as an effective natural functional additive in the food industry.