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One of the new research domain which affect managers, researchers and scientific approaches is ambidexterity and its effect on all aspects of organizations. This means that how an organization can benefit from using simultaneously mechanisms of exploration and exploitation, and efficiency and innovation and be successful. In this paper authors reviewed the literature and theoretical foundations in the area of ambidextrous learning and its interaction with the intellectual capital (human capital, social capital and organizational capital) to adapt and develop an ambidextrous learning in organizations. Designed model is consistent with the logic of ambidexterity mode and is used 90 degree crossed modes to show results. In order to test the model, a questionnaire distributed among the senior executives  of pharmaceutical industry. Companis data analyzed using content analysis and application of Max QDa. The results showed that for developing ambidextrous learning in organizations, all aspects of intellectual capital are needed to be Simulated Ranked with the concept of ambidextrous learning.    

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Vajhollah Ghorbanizadeh ,Asgar Moshabbaki2 1. Ph.D. Student of Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2. Associate Professor of Management,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Received:4/17/2005 Accept:1/7/2006 Abstract Creating and protecting competitive advantage by organizations in the 21st century, requires identifying affective environmental changes on organizations, agility and adoption with those changes and increasing capability for answering the various needs of customers. Only learning organizations have these properties. For being learning, organizations apply a process that includes four sub processes including: 1) identifying and creating information, 2) interpreting and transforming information, 3) applying information at work/ creating knowledge, and 4)institutionalizing of knowledge. Applying these processes requires organizational fitness and specific characteristics of leadership, manpower, organizational design, organizational culture, mission and strategies. These characteristics facilitate learning and becoming learning organization. Innovative aspect of this research is that it provides a model that identifies learning levels of the automobile pieces manufacturing firms based on learning process and learning organization characteristics. The obtained results indicated that learning level differs from one firm to another and we can divide all organizations to three levels: 1) data oriented, 2) information oriented and 3) knowledge oriented with respect to their focus on data, information and knowledge. Considering how much learning process is applied and how much characteristics of learning organizations are obtained, each organization lays on one of the mentioned category levels.

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Objective: Given the importance of the concept of dynamic capabilities in gaining competitive advantage for organizations, this article seeks to "provide a model for the behavioral foundations of dynamic capabilities."

Results: Finally, a final proposed framework has been implemented by combining the results of systematic review and the results of content analysis in a framework that in all three dimensions of perception, abduction and reorganization of these behavioral and human foundations found by both methods. They were organized by deleting common items and merging similar items. The proposed framework has not yet been presented in research in this field of study, and the authors believe that it can partially bridge the gap in the literature on behavioral foundations and human resources in dynamic capabilities in future studies.

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Many of management theorists describe learning organization as a living and evolutionary system that enhances its performance by acquiring knowledge. "Thinking about future or future building" and "increasing learning capacity" are two key factors that have been emphasized by the authors of learning organizations. In new century, learning is survival for organizations and those organizations that do not make productive learning no longer to be lived. Managers may have unreal understanding about the amount of learning in their organizations and need a device for measuring the characteristics of learning organizations in it. This article developed the required indicators for measuring five main characteristics of learning organizations including: leadership, manpower, organizational design, organizational culture and mission/strategy characteristics, and examined content validity, construct validity, convergent validity and discriminate validity of the measurement devices with Delphi, confirmatory factor analysis and variable analysis methods. The proved indicators in this study formed a questionnaire that may be used for measuring the amount of learning organizations characteristics in different firms and organizations.

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Abstract Automated system for customs data (ASYCUDA) is one of the operating, supervision and control systems in the world customs offices that used to optimize customs clearance functions .This study aims to access the role played by ASYCUDA in organizational learning, employee's technological distinctive competencies and performance in Tehran customs offices. The required information for this research collected by systematic sampling method from Tehran customs offices employees that knew ASYCUDA and the employees of the Iranian customs Statistic and ICT section by using research questionnaire. The collected data from statistic sample was analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling methods. Our finding and research model fit indexes show us goodness of fit for the collected data and the research conceptual model. Also our finding shows us the positive influence of ASYCUDA on organizational learning and customs employee's technological distinctive competencies. The positive influence of this system on customs performance is not significant but ASYCUDA affects customs performance via organizational learning.

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In recent decades, information technology, especially with all aspects of our life and professional career has been stirred. Because IT applications in different fields and the rapid growth of computers in organizations, to review the level of acceptance and rejection of information technology in organizations have special significance. Hand with the growth of research in various fields related to the IT acceptance and dealing with a scattering of information and information explosion, control over all aspects of this area is largely impossible. Therefore, the combination of research studies conducted in this matter to extract the systematic and scientific results for researchers is very important. In this study using meta-analysis methods with comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software, for examining a large number of theses, articles and researches done in connection with the adoption of information technology in Iran, 19 studies with 21 hypotheses and variables have been selected. The results of meta-analysis shows that employee empowerment, extent of use of technology, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of IT had the most influence on the acceptance of information technology in the Iranians organizations.

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abstract: The independence is relative, in spite of separation of powers, in Islamic Republic of Iran. Importantly, mutual support among government agencies is to allow the service to be more provided to the country and also prevent conflicts or illegal rebellions of the institutions against each other. Lack of proper interaction between governmental institutions led to acting and trading, and this is a disaster. The main objective of this paper is to draw the desired pattern of relationships between sovereign institutions within the framework of the constitution. The main criterion which is essential to be considered in the development of relations between institutions of governance is "check and balance". So, the first step is to try to prove the implications of the relationship between sovereign entities in accordance with the constitution using content analysis, and also provide a consensus by using Delphi technique. After condition stipulating in line with the constitution, issues or problems between the sovereign institutions were reviewed to achieve the desired study pattern using approach of focus group and finally a model with greater transparency in the check and balance mechanism of the sovereign institutions on each other was provided.

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Development and application of information technology in public organizations with the aim of renewal and reform, has taken an increasing speed all over the world. Thereby Iranian government officials have rushed to close the gap created between Iran and other developing countries in the field of information technology. It seems that due to mentioned hastiness, imitation and copying foreign models in terms of institutional and normative, have the greatest impact on Iranian electronic government rather than logical and technical factors. The purpose of this qualitative study is to present a model on factors affecting electronic government’s policies from the formation stage to evaluation, based on the foundations of Civil Service Management law, by content analysis. In this regard 11 open interviews with IT experts were performed. Data analysis was done using software MAXQDA and by open coding process, 19 abstract concepts in the form of 6 main categories were extracted.

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The present study seeks to examine the functions of transformational leadership in knowledge-based organizations using the grounded theory. Research method is based on the qualitative method of grounded theory. Depth interviews were conducted with 16 experts of the Technical and Vocational University of Tehran selected through snowball sampling. After open, selective, and axial coding of collected data, 160 primary concepts, 29 subcategories and 5 main categories were extracted. The final outcome of this study is the design of a 5-dimensional model whose dimensions are categorized into four bases of strategy, outcomes, interventional conditions, ground-making conditions and causal conditions. The findings of this study indicate that the main function of transformational leaders is a capacity for organizational adaptability. In fact, transformational leaders at Tehran’s Technical and Vocational University resort to adaptability strategy to affect the performance of followers and manage organizational change. It is, therefore, suggested that transformational leaders strengthen corporate social capital by improving horizontal interactions between colleagues, building trust, engaging and collaborating with employees in decision-making, reinforcing the spirit of taking criticism among themselves and colleagues; empower the human labor by their involvement in important organizational decisions and ultimately encourage employees to adapt to changes through empowerment techniques.
 

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Banks, as one of the most important financial institutions, have an important role in the country's economy and always seek to provide products and services in accordance with the needs and desires of customers. Having the right banking approach and model can help provide services and products that meet the needs of customers. One of these approaches to achieve this goal is a universal banking model that requires special factors to be implemented in the country.
This research has been conducted with the same purpose and in order to identify and analyze the factors affecting the implementation of universal banking in the banking system in the country.
For this purpose, fifty factors were identified through the study of the subject literature and interviews with experts and managers of the banking industry who have experience in implementing universal banking and were examined using the Delphi approach.
Factors were located in six general categories, customer; Infrastructure, process, structure, manpower and rules and regulations. Then, in order to identify the axial indicators, fuzzy cognitive map was used, the results of which showed that providing products tailored to customer needs has more focus than other factors.
Finally, using Impornace-Performance Analysis(IPA) the factors were further analyzed and the results showed that fifteen factors require vital attention.

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The purpose of this article is to determine and rank the dimensions and indicators affecting the strategic human resources development and provide a model for the effective implementation of the strategic development of human resources in the government research organizations. In terms of purpose and method, this study is developmental and a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, respectively. We first collected information from the electronic resources of strategic human resource development by a content analysis method and then, using Delphi technique and the opinion of elites, calculated the dimensions and indicators of strategic human. In the next step, the dimensions and indicators obtained in the form of a model were analyzed using a second-order confirmatory factor analysis in the Lisrel software and the structure of the model was confirmed according to the analyzes. The results also show that the factors affecting the strategic development of human resources are divided into four general categories: structural, policy-making, cultural, and environmental factors, among which the policy-making one has the greatest impact on the strategic development of human resources.