Showing 16 results for Ghofranipour
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2013)
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Volume 1, Issue 2 (6-2013)
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Volume 1, Issue 3 (Issue 3 & 4 - 2013)
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Aim: Level of physical activity as key determinant of healthy lifestyle is less than what is required in individuals particularly women. Applying theories of behavioral change about complex behaviors such as physical activity leads to identify effective factors and their relations. The aim of this study was to determine predictors of exercise behavior based on developed Theory of Planned Behavior with planning constructs in military personnel’s wives. Methods: We performed this cross-sectional study on 150 military personnel’s spouses residing in organizational houses, in Tehran, Iran in 2013. The participants were randomly selected with multi-stage cluster sampling. The validity and reliability of developed scale were evaluated before conducting the path analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS.16 and LISREL8.8. Finding: The developed model predicted 48, 11, 12 and 35 percent of the variance in intention, action planning, coping planning and behavior, respectively. Subjective norms (Beta=0.35, p<0.01) and perceived behavioral control (Beta=0.28, p<0.01) were the predictors of intention. Determinants of behavior included action planning (Beta=0.40, p<0.01), coping planning (Beta=0.39, p<0.01), intention (Beta=0.23, p<0.01) and subjective norms (Beta=0.08, p<0.01). Instrumental and affective attitude had no significant path coefficient to dependent variables. The path of perceived behavioral control to behavior was non-significant. The developed theory fitted to data better than the original theory. Conclusion: This research demonstrated relative weights and relationships of Theory of Planned Behavior constructs with action and coping planning in physical activity behavior of military staffs' spouses. It is essential to consider these effective factors in designing of health education programs.
Volume 2, Issue 3 (Issue 3 - 2014)
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Aim: Physical inactivity, as the leading risk factor for death, is more common among women than men. Despite the effective role of extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with planning to promote exercise behavior, there is no Iranian standard scale in this regard. This research evaluated psychometric characteristics of the expanded TPB-based questionnaire regarding to the physical activity of military staff’s spouses in Tehran. Methods: Content, face, construct validity and reliability (internal consistency and stability) of this scale was assessed. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 women, who were living in organizational houses, in Tehran, Iran in 2014, in order to do exploratory factor analysis (EFA).The participants were chosen with multi-stage cluster random sampling. EFA was performed applying the principal component analysis and Varimax rotation. Data were analyzed using SPSS. v16. Findings: Content validity index, content validity ratio and impact score of the extended TPB scale were 0.8-0.97, 0.78-0.98 and 4.5-4.8, respectively. An eight-factor structure was extracted as a result of the EFA and accounted for 76.33% of the variance. The calculated KMO was 0.72 and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (P<0.001). Eight constructs consisted of behavior, affective attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, coping planning, instrumental attitude, intention and action planning. Cronbach’s alpha value (0.83-0.97) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (0.63-0.91) demonstrated satisfying reliability for the subscales. Conclusion: Validity and reliability of the first developed TPB-directed scale with planning about women's exercise perceptions and behavior in Iran was appraised and approved in this study. This instrument can be utilized by other health researchers.
Volume 2, Issue 3 (Issue 3 - 2014)
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One of the newest and the most comprehensive models for the behavior change is Information- Motivation- Behavioral skills (IMB) model. It is both simple and economic, and is of proper efficacy in the studies. IMB model as a health behavior change model is based on integration of the theories in social psychology and health education and promotion, emphasizing on information, motivation and behavioral skills as the basic determinants of the health-related behaviors The purpose of this article is to introduce the IMB model and by review of some studies based on this model; suitability of the model for health education and promotion interventions to be discussed. Iranian and foreign studies conducted using this model reveal the model's effectiveness in various health education disciplines. Although the IMB model has restrictions and disadvantages as any other health education and promotion model, IMB model-based interventions' advantages show that it is an applied model for changing health behavior.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (8-2016)
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Breast cancer prevention and control efforts serve as priorities in Iran, as breast cancer is, the common leading cause of death women in the country. It seems effective communication can play important role in increasing Breast cancer screening. On the other hand, health literacy is increasing recognized as a critical factor affecting communication across the continuum of breast cancer screening behavior. A goal outlined in healthy people 2020 call for improving health literacy by the use of health communication (1, 2). Health literacy is the capacity to obtain, process, and understand breast cancer information and services needed to make appropriate health care decisions (3).
Women with poor health literacy have a complex set of problems with written and oral communication that may their understanding of breast cancer screening and of symptoms of breast cancer, adversely affecting their stage at early diagnosis (4). In addition, these barriers destroy communication and discussion about the risks and benefits of prevention and treatment options, and women understanding of informed consent for routine procedures and clinical trials, more research is required to identify successful methods for educating and communicating with women who have limited and low health literacy. Individuals with low health literacy may be limited in their ability to access and navigate the breast cancer care system, make appropriate health decisions, and practice on health care information understanding the factors that contribute to miscommunication is important in solving the difficulties included by low health literacy.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2017)
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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of occupational accidents among farmers with an emphasis on the role of extension and education in reducing these incidents.
Methods: This study was conducted through a literature review. For this purpose, we investigated books, documents and articles related to research topics in the period of 2000 to 2017.
Findings: Various factors are effective on the incidence of occupational accidents as well as on the type, amount and severity of injuries resulting from accidents at work. Farmers and agricultural workers are not excluded from occupational accidents. The affecting factors on occupational accidents in agriculture are classified in three categories: farmers’ characteristics, agricultural environment, and agriculture technologies.
Conclusion: Occurrence of incidents in agricultural occupation is inevitable. Identifying the factors affecting the incidence of accidents can help to reduce the occurrence of incidents among farmers. The agricultural extension and education according to the abilities and talents in the field of agriculture and rural society can reduce accidents and work-related risks and improve the farmers’ occupational health.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Spring 2018)
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Aim: One of the influential factors in maintaining health is nutritional status. As a meal that is prepared quickly and easily and sold in restaurants and eateries, fast food has been popular in many communities. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of health education on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of fast food consumption among primary students in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 120 primary school students were selected by simple random sampling method during 2015-2016 academic year in Tehran and they were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The data were collected from schools in district 6, Tehran, using a valid and reliable questionnaire before and after the intervention in the areas of knowledge, attitude, practice, and demographic variables. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software, using descriptive statistics and independent & paired t-tests, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests.
Findings: Regarding the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores, there were no significant differences between the two groups (intervention and control) before the intervention, but during ``3 months after education``, a significant difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice scores was seen (p<0.01). In the intervention group, the mean score for knowledge, attitude, and practice, 3 months after intervention was increased by 7.13, 12.96 and 0.87 scores, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Increasing the awareness of educational health in terms of knowledge, attitude, and practice is effectivein the reduction of fast food consumption in primary students.
Volume 6, Issue 4 (Fall 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the main causes of death and have the first place among other diseases throughout the world. Studying the situation of risk factors for CVDs seems necessary in Iran at various periods. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among the employees of Ilam University of Medical Sciences in order to design appropriate educational interventions.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 2017, 294 employees of Ilam University of Medical Sciences participated after presenting written consent forms. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed and applied after verifying the validity and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha greater than 0.8). Eventually, the data were analyzed, using SPSS 16 and appropriate statistical methods.
Findings: Generally, 46.3% of the participants had a history of CVDs, 21.8% had a history of death caused by these diseases in their family, and 69.4% had a history of death caused by CVD among their relatives; 72.4% of the participants did not exercise daily and the mean daily exercise of participants was 8.08±1.51 minutes. Totally, 41.5% of the participants were taking solid oil, 78.6% were high-fat dairy consumers, and 41.2% consumed red meat more than twice a week.
Conclusion: Performance of the participants in terms of physical activity and consuming fruits and vegetables, fish, red meat, and fatty foods is undesirable, indicating the unhealthy lifestyle of people and their exposure to CVDs.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (Summer 2019)
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This article has not abstract
Volume 8, Issue 3 (Summer 2020)
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Aims: Spirituality can be an important source of coping with the disease, reduce feelings of suffering and improving the quality of life in patients with chronic diseases. The purpose of the current study was to determine the relationship of spirituality with the perception of suffering and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Instruments & Methods: This was a descriptive-correlation study. Participants were 145 patients with type 2 diabetes of rural health clinics and the valley hospital in Khorramshahr city which were selected via stratified random and available sampling methods. Data collection tools were version of 29-item of the spiritual questionnaire (Parsian and Dunning), experience and perception of suffering questionnaire (Schulz) and version of 26-item of the quality of life questionnaire (WHO). Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software and Pearson's correlation, T-test, ANOVA, Post Hoc, and stepwise regression analytical statistics.
Findings: The spirituality average scores were 79.41±15.82, perception of suffering average scores, 54.89±2.14, and quality of life 74.44±1.65. There was a significant negative relationship between spirituality and feelings of suffering (p<0.05) and a significant positive relationship between spirituality and quality of life (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: A strong correlation between spirituality with quality of life and suffering in patients with type II diabetes demonstrates the roles and responsibilities of healthcare providers, including physicians and nurses and the patient's family in meeting the varied spiritual and religious needs of patients along with therapeutic actions. Paying attention to improve spiritual health is also important in education programs for these patients.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (Summer 2021)
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Aims: This protocol aims to design and evaluate an educational program to promote weight management among preschoolers.
Designed Methods: This study has a sequential mixed-methods approach in two phases: qualitative and quantitative. In the first phase, epidemiological, educational, and ecological factors of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model influencing weight management promotion among Tehranian preschoolers will be explored. Seventeen preschoolers' parents and two preschool principals were interviewed by the researcher in the preschool setting. After data analysis through directed content analysis, a one-group pre and post pilot study will be performed in phase two. Fifteen mother-children dyads will be enrolled, and mothers will be asked to complete four questionnaires and measure children's weight and height. Then an educational program will be designed to promote weight management among preschoolers based on the results of the qualitative phase and a pre-test stage. Post-test will be performed immediately and three months after the intervention.
Expected Findings: In phase one, we expect facilities and barriers of preschoolers' weight management to be identified based on social-cultural conditions and the structures of the model. According to the qualitative study results, an educational program will be developed and evaluated in phase two, and it is anticipated that the educational program will positively influence children's weight management.
Conclusion: In the various communities, cultural and social differences have a critical effect on obesity in preschoolers; therefore, examining these factors can help understand individuals' views and interventional design programs to solve this problem.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (Fall 2021)
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Aims: This research aimed at designing and psychometric properties of a questionnaire for health-worker skills evaluation to obtain a self-care program for pre-diabetic patients.
Instrument & Methods: The questionnaire's psychometric properties were evaluated utilizing face validity by 15 health workers, content validity was evaluated by ten experts (5 health education and health promotion experts, three diabetes experts, and two general practitioners), and construct validity, internal consistency, and stability were assessed by 400 health workers who were randomly selected.
Findings: Due to the results of investigating the texts and interviews, the initial questionnaire, including 54 phrases, was presented. In the face validity section, eight expressions were removed quantitatively. Then, in identifying content validity, three other words were deleted, and the questionnaire was reduced to 43 phrases in general. This questionnaire's exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors: self-efficacy, attitude, reinforcing factors, and enabling factors. These four factors explained 57.51% of the total variance of the test. The confirmatory factor analysis results also confirmed the factors of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Cronbach's alpha and intra-cluster correlation index for questionnaire structures ranged from 0.87-0.88 and 0.87-0.88, respectively.
Conclusion: The designed questionnaire has good validity and reliability.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (Winter 2023)
Abstract
Aims: In Iran and many countries of the world, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. This qualitative study aimed to explain the effects of physical and psychological changes following breast cancer and its treatments on the sexual function and sexual relationships of survivors.
Participants & Methods: A qualitative study based on Woods' sexuality theory was conducted from October 2019 to May 2020. Participants included married female breast cancer survivors (aged 20-49) with stage one to three breast cancer who had undergone primary treatment. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews with 17 patients and an oncology nurse in a teaching hospital affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. Sampling continued until theoretical data saturation happened. Data analysis was done by Maxqda 10 software.
Findings: Sexual function in women surviving breast cancer included four categories: sexual desire and arousal, orgasm, sexual pain, and the sexual function of spouses. Sexual relationship included two categories: relations and intimacy with spouses; and satisfaction with relations with spouses.
Conclusion: Breast cancer and its treatments generally affect sexual function and relationships and, as a result, the sexual health of the survivors.
Volume 13, Issue 1 (Winter 2025)
Abstract
Aims: Regular engagement in physical activity is a prerequisite for physical and mental health and reduces the risk of several diseases and psychological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the status of physical activity among female students aged 13-17 years in Khoy County.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and conducted during the winter of 2021-2022. The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was provided online to all female students aged 13-17 in Khoy County, with 2,225 students completing it. The data were entered into SPSS 22 software, and descriptive statistics (frequency tables) and the chi-square test were used for analysis.
Findings: Over 58% of the students had not participated in any sports teams in the past 12 months. More than 43% of the surveyed participants had not engaged in any sports to strengthen their muscles in the past week, despite more than 75% reporting that the benefits of physical activity had been discussed with them in at least one of their classes.
Conclusion: The level of physical activity among female students in Khoy is low.
Volume 22, Issue 1 (1-2020)
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Occupational injuries have several psychological, economic, social, and institutional consequences. Agriculture is a high-risk industry, but occupational injuries are mainly rooted in the behavior of farmers. The present study was conducted using the qualitative approach and the grounded theory method. The study population included members of the Faculty of Agricultural Science and Occupational Health of the School of Medical Science, agricultural experts, occupational health experts, and farmers who were selected through snowball sampling in Kermanshah province in western Iran. The data was collected through interviews. The findings showed that cognitive, personal management, cultural, organizational and economic factors affect agricultural occupational health behavior. In the research model, healthy growers, healthy products, and healthy society were the consequences of the use of appropriate strategies for agricultural occupational health behavior. Designing a native model of healthy behavior to promote occupational health is a step towards reducing injuries among farmers.
