Showing 16 results for Ghavam
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Gemination is a prevalent process in Shahmirzadi, a language of the Northwestern branch of Modern Iranian language family spoken in Shahmirzad (Semnan province). This paper presents examples of gemination in verbs, nouns, and adjectives in Shahmirzadi which occur morpheme-internally and externally. Data was gathered from 5 illiterate to Master’s level female and male middle aged and older Shamirzadi native speakers and analyzed within the framework of OT. We observed that gemination is the result of synchronic as well as diachronic assimilation in Shahmirzadi and that progressive and regressive assimilation patterns are themselves the result of two different constraint-rankings of manner and place of articulation and reciprocal-assimilation emerges out of these two rankings.
Volume 2, Issue 7 (Autumn 2021)
Abstract
Every business owner knows that profitability is delivering what customers want. In the sports industry, to stimulate the desire for sports and create a sense of sportsmanship, it is necessary to pay attention to the desires of society. The purpose of this study is to identify the influential factors of the sense of desire for sports in Iranian society, which is among qualitative research and in terms of purpose, fundamentals and terms of strategy; Qualitative research is an exploratory type, and in terms of research method, it uses the technique of fundamental theory. The statistical population of the study was 16 managers, specialists and experts. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted purposely using the snowball method. Findings showed that the development of public sports, emphasis on health-oriented sports, the need to pay attention to educational sports, and economic and cultural factors are the main categories of the final model of the present study.
Volume 5, Issue 20 (Winter 2012)
Abstract
Blind Owl is one of the most famous stories of contemporary Persian literature and criticism so far as it has many potential meanings .Despite various disagreements and numerous commentators and critics of The Blind Owl, it can say that all of them agree with this belive that two part of Blind Owl are repeated each other. Moreover, it is said about the vast majority of these explanations with use of psychological critics paid to analysis of this text. While the authors have tried with regard to the above two point whit analysis of conceptual metaphors that used in two parts Through "conceptual metaphor theory" beyond of psychological reasoning of that critics this text have had To discover similarities and differences between the two parts, finally to achive a newer and different view from those mentioned so far and Prove that despite the many similarities in the two-part application, Hedayat has been followed different insights in each part.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Spring 2022)
Abstract
Aim: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are the most common work-related problem in many bakery workers in developing and industrialized countries. This study aimed to assess the rate and ergonomic risk factors of MSDs among traditional bread bakers in Hamadan.
Method and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 310 traditional bread bakers in Hamadan, Iran. The prevalence of MSDs was assessed using the Nordic Questionnaire (NQ), body map, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Analysis of data was performed in SPSS (version 20) using Chi-square and independent T tests.
Findings:The Mean and Standard Deviation (M±SD) of work experience, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and age were respectively, 4±6.82 (Year), 1.6±0.08 (M), 60±12.76 (kg), 24.65±4.70 and 43.5±12.60 (Year). The involved organs in baking consisted of the neck, shoulder, back, waist, elbow, arm, hand, thigh, knee, shin and ankle. The highest prevalence rates of pain in the studied workers referred to the middle back (N=38; %92.68), knees (N=33; %80.49), shoulders (N=13; %30.95), forearms (N=11; %26.19) and wrists (N=11; %26.19) respectively.The prevalence of MSDs correlated with BMI and work experience significantly (P ≤0.05).
Conclusion: As, this study revealed that the rate of musculoskeletal disorders in the different body regions of bread bakers were high, properinterventional preventive management are strongly recommended to be designed and impleneted to eliminate the disorders among this target group.
Volume 8, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Abstract:
Research subject:
The use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) as an effective approach to enhance the performance of polymer membranes in CO2 gas separation has gained significant attention. Membranes modified with DES are referred to as supported liquid membranes (SLMs).
Research approach:
In this study, two-component (choline chloride/urea) and three-component (choline chloride/urea/DBU) DES were used to improve the efficiency of Pebax-1657 (poly(ether-block-amide)) membranes for separating CO2 from CH4 and N2 gases. Gas permeability tests conducted at 2 bar pressure and 30 °C compared pure membranes with membranes enhanced by 10 wt.% of the two-component DES and 10 wt.% of the three-component DES.
Results:
Results showed that the CO2 permeability increased from 3.77 barrer for the pure membrane to 4.96 barrer for the 10 wt.% DES two-component membrane, and to 7.101 barrer for the 10 wt.% DES-DBU three-component membrane. The CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities improved from 20.32 and 11.36 for the pure membrane to 38.56 and 13.77 for the DES two-component membrane, and to 40.68 and 14.32 for DES-DBU three-component membrane, respectively. Moreover, with an increase in feed pressure from 2 bar to 6 and 10 bar, the membrane performance improved. At 10 bar, the CO2 permeability for the 10 wt.% DES three-component membrane increased to 16.28 barrer, while the CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities rose to 56.13 and 20.60, respectively. Since the DES-DBU three-component membrane showed better performance than the DES two-component membrane and the pure membrane, various weight percentages of this composition were used to further enhance the Pebax polymer membrane. The results indicated that the membrane containing 20 wt.% of the DES-DBU three-component exhibited the best performance among all tested membranes. At 2 bar pressure and 30 °C, this membrane increased CO2 permeability to 13.88 barrer and CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities to 51.46 and 18.80, respectively. Furthermore, at 10 bar pressure, the CO2 permeability reached 21.25 barrer, while the CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities improved to 40.66 and 60.25, respectively. Ultimately, this membrane, compared to other studies, has successfully surpassed the Robeson limit, demonstrating its high potential for applications related to CO2 gas separation.
Volume 13, Issue 52 (Winter 2020)
Abstract
Shirin and Farhad by Salimi Jerouni, composed in the ninth century AH, is adapted from Khosrow and Shirin by Nizami Ganjavi. The distinguishing feature of this poem is the addition of a mystical theme, as compared to its hypotext. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how the narrative structure of this poem has changed compared to Nizami Ganjavi’s Khosrow and Shirin, employing Gerard Genette’s theory of hypertextuality and also intentional interpretation. The researchers have also tried to show how Salimi Jerouni was able to connect his mystical thoughts with Khosrow and Shirin’s earthly love. Based on epitext and peritext analysis and through retrieval of the intention of the author, it was concluded that Salimi Jerouni had created a narrative, using quantitative transformation and pragmatic transformation that in its deep structure, illustrated mystical behavior. The characters of the story have gained symbolical interpretation, proportional to the mystical content of the poem and in line with the evolution of the hero (Khosrow) on the way of reaching the position of a perfect man.
Volume 13, Issue 54 (8-2015)
Abstract
The research aimed at mathematical modeling, kinetics and energy consumption of a hot air dryer with air recycle (0, 50%, and 75%). A hot-air dryer capable of recycling the exhaust air was used. The experimental data were fitted to standard thin-layer drying models in MATLAB 2007. The best model was selected according to the coefficient of correlation (R2), chi-square (c2) and root mean squares error (RMSE). These indices showed that the Midilli et al. model has the best fit for explaining the experimental data. The required energy was minimum at 0.5 m/s and 60˚C for 0%, 50% and 75% recycled air levels and was maximum at 1.5 m/s and 40˚C for all recycling levels. The hot-air recirculating system also reduced energy requirements and increased the drying time for aloe vera.
Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Family is the main institution of society and its form can be seen in all times and places. Narrative texts of classical Iranian literature can be an important source in the historical recognition of family system in Iran. In heroic epopees, the system of family is one of the hypertextual themes and backgrounds. Discovering and explaining the structure of the family in these texts, like understanding the elements that make up the cultural foundations of a nation, can be the key for its archeological understanding for sociologists and historical researchers. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the structure and functions of the Iranian family system and the forms and criteria for marriage in heroic epopees after Shahnameh (Banoogashsbnameh, Borzoonameh, Bahmannameh, Faramarznameh, Kooshnameh, and Garshasbnameh) by describing, analyzing content and comparing on one hand, and clarify the origin of (Islamic-Iranian) ideas of these epopees about family system on the other hand.
In these epopees, family formation plays the role of reproduction, protection and maintenance, socialization, controlling sexual behavior, compassion and kindness and preparing the social base. Political, secret marriage, marriage with captive women, marriage through the purchase of a spouse and marriage according to the epic tradition are the most important forms of marriage in these epopees. These systems are two-dimensional; hence, both Islamic ideas and attitudes of ancient Iran towards family system, have found their way into these epopees.
Volume 17, Issue 12 (2-2018)
Abstract
Small scale hydraulic power plants equipped with very low head (VLH) axial turbines can be considered as a novel approach to extract energy from rivers and canals. In this study, design process and numerical simulation of a prototype of a VLH turbine is done. The selected turbine generates 450 kW power at the head of 2.6 m. In order to generate the turbine geometry using MATLAB and X-Foil, a computational code has been developed. The design process to generate finalized geometrical data of the runner blades contains a primary hydrodynamic design using Euler equation in turbomachinery, a classical approach for axial turbomachinery design and selection of hydrofoils with appropriate lift coefficient. Using the geometry and structured mesh generated by Turbo Grid for discretization of governing equations, the numerical simulation was accomplished by ANSYS CFX. Simulation results of different opening angles of the runner blades are presented for the turbine system including runner and guide vanes. Also, cavitation possibility is studied in various opening angles and discharges. The results demonstrate that the hydraulic efficiency of the VLH turbine is approximately 89% where the opening angle of the runner blades is at the design point. Moreover, cavitation does not occur at the design point. However, at flow rates larger than the nominal flow rate, and at opening angles larger than the design point cavitation at the leading edge is possible
Volume 17, Issue 98 (April 2020)
Abstract
Background: Sesame is one of the most consumed oilseeds that despite being rich in mineral salts, contains some anti-nutritional compounds that are limiting nutrients to the body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate some of the antinutritional compounds (oxalate and phytate) and heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in sesame oil, raw and peeled sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) of two varieties; Dashtestan 2 and Darab 14; Cultivated in Iran.
Material and methods: Sesame seed samples were collected from Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute in Karaj, iran. Oxalate and phytate were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods and Pb, Cd, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).
Results: The lead content of all samples is higher than the maximum permissible level and their cadmium content is below the maximum permissible standard in Iran. The Darab variety contains more phytic acid and the Dashtestan variety has higher oxalic acid content. Most of the minerals in the samples are calcium. The oil extracted from the raw sesame seeds lacks phytic acid and contains about 2.5 mg/Kg oxalic acid.
Conclusion: The raw sesame seeds have some anti-nutritional compounds that significantly reduces by peeling, while the amount of these compounds in sesame oil is much lower than the standard Iranian and Codex. Therefore, it is better to evaluate its quality before using raw sesame seeds.
Volume 18, Issue 121 (March 2022)
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have indicated the anticancer activity of an isothiocyanate compound named sulforaphane that exists in cruciferous vegetables. Broccoli sprouts are popular because of containing far more anticancer, antioxidant, glucosinolate, and polyphenolic compounds than in mature broccoli. The main objective of this research was to produce a vegetable smoothie based on broccoli sprouts as a nutritious, health-enhancing snacking-drink. Broccoli sprouts were added at six different levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%) to a green smoothie made with carrots, apples, spinach, avocado, orange, lime, Stevia, and Gellan gum. Physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties, along with levels of the bioactive compounds (Phenolic, antioxidant capacity, Chlorophyll), were studied during storage for 14 days at 5°C. The results showed that the addition of 15% broccoli sprout to the smoothie increased synergistically the phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity by 38% and 24%, respectively. All of the treatments showed viscoelastic behavior. A pseudoplastic behavior with a flow index of less than 1. Sensory evaluation of the smoothie samples indicated the highest overall acceptance for smoothie samples containing 12.5% of broccoli sprout and using the higher levels negatively affected the sensory properties. As a result, a green smoothie containing 12.5% broccoli sprouts could be introduced as a health-promoting snacking-drink.
Volume 19, Issue 3 (March 2019)
Abstract
In this paper, a novel multi-generation system based on gas turbine-modular helium reactor cycle is presented. Integrated system consists of a Gas turbine-modular helium reactor cycle as a base cycle and from the combination of subsystems, hydrogen production, absorption refrigeration cycle, and desalination system. Thermodynamic comprehensive modeling (energy and exergy) was done on the suggested system. The effect of various system parameters, such as turbine inlet temperature, compressor pressure ratio, carbon dioxide to methane molar ratio, vapor generator temperature, and mass flow rate of the desalination system have been evaluated on the overall performance of the system. Also, optimization of the overall system using single and multi-objective optimization method has been investigated in terms of energy and exergy compared to the base case. The results showed that the maximum net power output and the energy efficiency and exergy of the overall system in compressor pressure ratio between 2.3-2.45 were 275 MW, 72.05%, and 49.35%, respectively, and with increasing turbine inlet temperature, heat production rate and energy and exergy efficiencies of overall system increases and the cooling production rate and freshwater decreases. In addition, the optimal point of the mass flow ratio of the desalination system for the energy and exergy efficiencies of overall system is 2.857. According to the results obtained in the multi-objective optimization method, the energy and exergy efficiencies of overall system were 74.41% and 50.21%, respectively, and exergy destruction has been reduced to 0.74% compared to base case.
Volume 19, Issue 11 (November 2019)
Abstract
The aim of this research is to design and fabricate an actuator, which operates based on reaction forces between current carrying stator coils and magnetic arrays (Halbach arrays) connected to the mover, in order to move a motion stage for positioning objects. Thus, according to the initial and intended position of the mover, current commutation in stator coils is changed in a way that required force for transporting the mover to the desired position is provided. In this research, the integration of two perpendicular synchronous linear motors is utilized in order to create the planar motion. The stator consists of two sets of rectangular coils, which are placed perpendicular to each other. Mover consists of four Halbach arrays, which two Halbach arrays are used for x-axis motion and the other two arrays are used for y-axis motion. First, the analytic relationship between the applied magnetic force and current commutation was introduced. Then, the design parameters such as mover dimensions and stator workspace were determined. Concerning these parameters, dimensions of cubic magnets for Halbach array fabrication were obtained and with respect to array dimensions, the dimensions and number of turns for stator coils were determined. Using these design parameters and commutation equations, the planar motion of the actuator was simulated. The simulation results showed good agreement with the analytical results. Experimental tests were conducted in order to investigate the positioning capabilities and 2 dimensional motion. The precision of the fabricated actuator is 5mm and the minimum response time of actuator is 0.5sec. The minimum position error occurs at 25mm position that is due to the closeness to motor magnetic period.
Volume 21, Issue 156 (February 2025)
Abstract
Current research, has evaluated the efficiency of the membrane process in degumming and neutralization of crude rapeseed oil. Crude rapeseed oil miscellas were prepared using hexane solvent with 20:80 and 30:70 ratios. In order to degumming, the micella passed through the membrane after adding 0.3% of 85% (w/w) phosphoric acid, under three pressure levels of 2, 3, and 4bar and two flow speed of 0.5 and 1m/s; Then, for neutralization, after adding NaOH aqueous solution in two concentrations of 10% and 30% (w/v) the micella passed through the membrane, under the previous conditions, as well as three temperature levels of 30, 40 and 500C. The results showed that for 20:80 micella, the flux gradually decreased with the passage of time and reached a stable state after about 20 minutes. Surveying the simultaneous effect of conditions throught the neutralization process for 20:80 micella, revealed that the highest flux corresponds to 400C, 4bar, 1.0m/s. Surveying the simultaneous effect of temperature, pressure and flow rate throught the neutralization process for 30:70 micella, has also revealed that the highest flux corresponds to 500C, 2bar, and 1.0m/s. The results of the physicochemical tests also revealed that there is no significant difference in the levels of phosphorus and phosphates in both membrane filtration and conventional rifining methods (p<0.01); But acidity reduction for membrane filtration method was significantly higher than that of classical refining method (p<0.01). The reduction of peroxide index was also significantly higher for classic refining method than membrane filtration method (p<0.01). In terms of color, the results showed that the membrane filtration method was not able to reduce the yellow color in crude oil, while the classic refining method significantly reduced the yellow color (p<0.01). The red color index for the classic method also had a significant decrease compared to the membrane method (p<0.01).
Volume 22, Issue 1 (1-2020)
Abstract
Ghee, a nutritional dairy product in Iranian culture, can be easily produced on a small scale. This study was undertaken to analyze fatty acids and volatile compounds of collected ghee samples from different ghee production sites of Iran (Ilam, Kermanshah and Hamedan) using HeadSpace Solid Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME) technique. According to the results, palmitic and oleic acids were the dominant fatty acids in all the samples investigated. Further, it might be concluded that compounds such as dodecane, acetone, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, and 2-undecanone, which are present and might have accumulated as the results of oxidative, hydrolytic, or microbial activities, contribute to the flavor of ghee. Lactones, which are produced at high temperatures, were not collected in any sample except the Hamedan sample (< 1%). Low thermal processing in the ghee production prevented the formation of off-flavor volatile compounds. The qualitative and quantitative parameters determined in this study might be useful in assessing the quality of the ghee and may help the industry to improve its commercial production.
Volume 24, Issue 2 (Summer 2021)
Abstract
Background: Regarding to chronic nature of epilepsy, side effects and resistance to chemical drugs, and with the objective to access to more effective treatment procedures, herbal medicine have received remarkable interest. The aim of this study was to determine the anticonvulsant effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Cichorium intybus leaves on PTZ-induced seizure in male mice.
Methods: In this experimental study, 56 albino male mice weighing 20-25 g were divided randomly into seven groups. All groups were injected intraperitoneally. The negative and positive control groups received saline (10 ml/1000g) and Phenobarbital (40mg/kg) respectively. Treatment groups received hydro – alcoholic extract of Cichorium intybus leaves at doses of 100, 300, 500, 800 and 1000 mg/kg. All injections were carried out 45 minutes prior to the experiment. In order to provoke convulsion, after 45 minutes pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was injected (80 mg/kg) to all groups and initiation time of myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures and percent of 24 h death were measured.
Results: The results indicated that the extract delayed the initiation time of myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures in comparison with control group. The delay was significant at doses of 1000 and 800 mg/kg (P < 0.001) and 500 mg/kg (P < 0.01) for myoclonic seizure and 1000, 800 and 500 mg/kg (P < 0.001) and 300 mg/kg (P < 0.05) for tonic-clonic seizure. Also, the extract decreased the 24 h death.
Conclusion: It seems the hydro-alcoholic extract of Cichorium intybus have decremental effect on PTZ-induced seizure.
