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Showing 14 results for Ghasemian


Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract

Background: Clindamycin inducible resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) isolates can cause failure in treatment with this antibiotic. Biofilm production via polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) contributes in the colonization of S. aureus, resulting in the initiation of different diseases. The aim of this study was to detect icaADBC genes among isolates of S.aureus with inducible resistance to clindamycin. Materials and Methods: A total of 209 clinical S.aureus isolates werecollected and identified by conventional phenotypic tests. Isolates with inducible resistance to clindamycin were detected by double disk diffusion test (D-Test) using clindamycin (2 μg) and erythromycin (15 μg). Oxacillin was used to detect Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the icaADBC genes. Results: The rate of clindamycin inducible resistance was 4% (n=8). All the isolates were susceptible to methicillin. Four isolates (50%) contained the whole icaADBC genes. The prevalence of icaA, icaB, icaC and icaD genes were 5 (62.5%), 4 (50%), 6 (75%) and 5 (62.5%), respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that the prevalence of  icaADBC genes among clindamycin inducible resistant strains was low, and also these strains were susceptible to methicillin.

Volume 2, Issue 3 (7-2016)
Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus can cause infections with a wide spectrum of illnesses ranging from benign skin infections to bloodstream infection leading to mortality. Antimicrobial resistance especially methicillin resistance in S. aureus (MRSA strains) is currently problematic. The emergence of MRSA infections has developed in both the healthcare and the community settings.  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA and SCCmec types in Iran according to the previously published studies.    
Methods: For this review, the terms of MRSA, Iran, methicillin, mecA and SCCmec types were searched in searching engines including Google scholar, PubMed, SciVerse, and Scopus. Data from veterinary sources were excluded. Data were analyzed with Graph Pad Prism 6 considering meta-analysis section.
Results: Among several studies and approximately of 1810 results, the prevalence of MRSA was determined as approximately 56.5%. In the year of 2015 and 2016, results exhibited a higher prevalence of MRSA (62.2%) compared to 2013 and 2014, although not exceeded from 46% in healthy individuals. Moreover, among the SCCmec types, the SCCmec Type III has been reported as the predominant type (60.48%) followed by Type IV (21.2%), Type I (17.72%), Type II (17.12%), and Type V (0.56%). 
Conclusion: According to previous data, the prevalence of MRSA is increasing in Iran. However, it may be different for each year depending on several reasons. Moreover, the SCCmec Type III is the predominant type in the country. The SCCmec Type IV has also emerged in CA-MRSA isolates.

Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains are among predominant agents causing nosocomial and community acquired infections. The majority of strains encode numerous virulence factors including fimbrial adhesions, secretory proteins and toxins, siderophores, and capsule. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of virulence encoding genes and carbapenem resistance-encoding genes among imipenem-resistant E. coli isolates collected from patients hospitalized in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study (April 2015-December 2017), 50 non-duplicated carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates were collected from clinical specimens (stool, urine, blood, and wound) of hospitalized patients in three hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined against 15 antibiotics on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) as per CLSI guidelines version 2016. The PCR was used to detect virulence and antibiotic resistance encoding genes.
Results: From a total of 50 carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates, the highest resistance rate was observed to ceftazidime (100%), tetracycline (88%), amoxicillin (100%), sulfonamide (60%), and the least resistance rate was observed against amikacin (14%), gentamicin (22%), and fosfomycin (0%). The genes mediating resistance were as follows: beta-lactams OXA-48 (8%), IMP (16%), VIM (0%), NDM-1 (0%),  fosA3 (0%), quinolones (qnrA 48%), and colistin mcr-1(0%). Furthermore, the prevalence rates of of fimA, hlyA, cnf1, vat, pic, crl, and papH were 88, 36, 28, 10, 12, 54, and 88%, respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, all imipenem-resistant E. coli isolates were susceptible to fosfomycin, and all were  fosA3 negative. Among carbapenemase genes, IMP and OXA-48 type enzymes associated with higher MIC levels (8 to 32 µg.mL-1) were detected. In this study, data suggest the role of these carbapenemases in resistance to carbapenems. Furthermore, the presence of multiple drug resistant strains encoding adhesive and secretory virulence factors is a concern for the infections treatment. 

Volume 4, Issue 1 (Winter 2018)
Abstract

Aims: Many infectious diseases had traditionally been cured with herbal medicines. Antimicrobial agents are often produced synthetically to increase the food durability and quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial properties of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Allium schoenoprasum.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, after preparation Allium schoenoprasum samples, aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae by micro broth dilution method. Erythromycin was used as the control.
Findings: The MIC of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of A. schoenoprasum was 16-256 and 32->256µg/ml, respectively and MBC of them were 32-256 and 64->256ug/ml, respectively. The A. schoenoprasum exhibited higher activity against S. aureus and B. cereus strains.
Conclusion: The extracts of A. schoenoprasum have antimicrobial effect on S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli and V. cholerae strains in micro broth dilution method.

Volume 4, Issue 1 (Winter 2018)
Abstract

Aims: Infections by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are increasing problems in pediatrics and are usually associated with higher hospital costs and mortality rates. The aims of this study were the statistical investigation of the worldwide prevalence and risk factors of ESBL and CPE family members among pediatric population.
Instruments and Methods: From October 1, 1995 to July 27, 2017, some keywords including “ESBLs”, “carbapenemase”, “pediatrics”, “children”, and “risk factor” were searched in the searching databases such as Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science among original research articles. The univariate and multivariate analysis of the collected data was performed by Graph Pad Prism 6.1 software.
Findings: The mean percentage of ESBL production was 20.23±22.31 and the mean percentage of CPE was 1.81±2.77. E. coli (n=991) and K. pneumonia (n=627) were the predominant ESBL-producers. Nephrology (n=5005) and NICU (n=1805) were predominant hospital wards. ESBL-PE had significantly higher prevalence in the infants unit (OR=0.9832, 95% CI=12.271-19.519; p<0.001). Moreover, ICU ward was a significant and independent risk factor for CPE acquisition (OR=0.849, 95% CI=2.211-5.415; p=0.0035). ESBL-PE and CPE were significantly isolated from blood samples (OR=0.9276, 95% CI=1.508-2.433, p<0.0001) and fecal specimens (OR=0.968, 95% CI=2.829-5.133, p<0.0001), respectively.
Conclusion: Most of risk factors between ESBL-PE and CPE are similar including previous hospitalization and prolonged use of antibiotics, cephalosporins, and previous colonization. Other possible potential risk factors that should be considered include presence of catheters and travel history. Detection of risk factors provides useful information for formulation of infection control policy.

Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract

The Iranian organizations high tendency for the establishment of total quality management (TQM) system has caused the researchers also do significant research in recent years in this area. But the lack of attention to basic obstacles and challenges in the successful implementation of quality management systems in Iranian organizations has made does not provide the necessary settings for the full realization of this system. Identifying barriers of TQM using in organizations can be considered the first step in implementing these systems, because as long as the managers and staff have not action is to overcome these obstacles, failure of this project seems inevitable. In this study, after identifying the key barriers to successful implementation of TQM in the gas industry through literature review and interviews with experts, 5 main obstacles detected. Then the communication and sequence of barriers were determined with Fuzzy Interpretive Structural Modeling. Given that intensity of relationships between some obstacles was not clear in FISM method, therefor intensity of the relationship between barriers was determined by using of fuzzy Dematel. The results showed that human resources barriers and conceptual obstacles that must influential barriers be a lot of attention to them. The proposed model can provide a plan to tackle barriers to successful implementation of TQM in the gas industry.

Volume 8, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract

Simulation Modeling is Useful Tools to Analyze and Evaluate the Dynamic Behavior of the Complex Systems. In this Paper a Simulation Model Developed for Material Handling Equipment in the Sulphid Ore Process of Sarcheshmeh Open-Pit Copper Mine in Sarcheshme Kerman Province of Iran for Increase its Productivity. The Optimum Operating Setting of Sulphid ore Process of an Open-Pit Mine Is Determined Using Simulation Based Optimization Meta Modeling Approach. In the Developing Meta Model Step of this Paper, Design of Experiment (DOE) is used to Identify Critical Variable of the System by Fitting a Quadratic Polynomial Model. Absolute Relative Error (ARE) used to Verification and Validation Meta model. Validation Step Shown That Meta Model Provides Good Estimation to Simulation Results, Therefore It is Validate. Experimental Results Shown That by Using Current Situation Resources, the Optimization Simulation Model Generates Improving Monthly Throughput Rate of Production System and also Decrease Transportation Cost Up 8%.

Volume 9, Issue 3 (fall 2021)
Abstract

This study aims to consider ghazal/sonnet from conceptual metaphor perspective (Lakoff, 1980). The corpus used in the study contains 24 poems (189 couplets) in Persian, Azerbaijani Turkish and English. The results of the paper show that the most frequent target domain in ghazal is “love”. Moreover, central conceptual metaphors in “love” are: A) in Persian: LOVE IS JOURNEY, LOVE IS WINE, LOVE IS TIE, LOVE IS FIRE, LOVE IS AWAKENING, LOVE IS DEAL. B) in Azerbaijani Turkish: LOVE IS OPPRESSION, LOVE IS WAITING, LOVE IS TURNING/TAWAF, LOVE IS SPRING, LOVE IS WINE, LOVE IS SERMON. C) in English: LOVE IS LIVE, LOVE IS UNSTABLE, LOVE IS PARADOX. This study also confirms that linguistic form has a direct influence on conceptual metaphor occurrence in ghazal. According to the findings of the current paper, the central conceptual metaphor plays a key role in versification. That is, central conceptual metaphor in ghazal seems to be the stimulus to the poet.

Volume 11, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract

With the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus and the critical business environment for both organizations and employees, the issue of organizational support and social organizational behaviors has become increasingly important. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between perceived organizational support and employees' organizational social behaviors during the Covid-19 virus outbreak and also examines intermediate relationships of affective commitment and knowledge sharing behavior. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of method, it is descriptive-survey and correlational. A questionnaire was used to collect data. After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, data were collected by selecting 675 samples. The statistical sample was selected by convenience sampling method from the employees of Refah chain store companies and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software. Findings showed that the Covid 19 virus epidemic has led to more organizations paying attention to employees and employees' higher understanding of organizational support. Also, a positive and significant relationship between perceived organizational support and knowledge sharing on affective commitment was confirmed. affective commitment also had a significant and positive relationship with civic virtue and innovative behavior, but not a significant relationship with altruism. Finally, mediating roles and reinforcing affective commitment and knowledge sharing were endorsed. The results and suggestions of this research are used in recognizing and optimizing human resource management for managers.

Volume 14, Issue 2 (summer 2024)
Abstract

In recent decades, digitalization has emerged as a key factor in the transformation of industries. Along with the advances that digitization has brought for industries, environmental and social issues have also been challenged. In this context, Toman's use of lean production principles along with digital technologies has emerged as a sustainable strategy in order to reduce the negative effects on the environment, society and the challenges facing it. But the important point in between is the importance of social aspects along with technical aspects. The underlying importance of the category of culture as a social aspect in the organization is of great importance for the foundation of these principles. For this reason, in this research, the digitization of production has been investigated on sustainable performance with the mediating role of lean production and moderator of lean culture. The statistical sample consisted of 211 companies active in the value chain of automobiles and related parts, and a standard questionnaire was distributed among them using a simple random method. Smart-PLS3 software was used for analysis. The results of the hypothesis test showed that digitization and lean production have a significant effect on the realization of sustainable performance. Also, by using digital technologies and establishing a pure culture, it is possible to improve the performance of industries and reduce environmental and social impacts.


Volume 21, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract

The scarcity of water, along with the concern of safe production of food, emphasizes the need for new agricultural techniques. Increasing dissolved oxygen concentration in water promotes the growth of plants in many ways. The aim of the present research was to investigate how cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) morphologically and physiologically respond to water enriched with air Micro-NanoBubbles (MNBs) as an oxygen saturating measure. The plants from early stage of seed planting (two groups, 32 plants in each) were cultured either with air-nanobubbles water or with tap water for 12 weeks, and the steric stability of MNBs in water was confirmed through zeta potential measurements (-20.47 mV). The number of blossoms in the plants irrigated by air MNBs water was almost 3.8 times more than the number of blossoms in those that were irrigated by tap water. MNBs water increased leaf area up to an average of 77%. Physiological indices such as chlorophylls a, b, and carotenoids were, respectively, 1.34, 1.44, and 1.35 times greater in the plants watered with MNBs than those with tap water. Overall, this study demonstrated that water with air micro-nanobubble had a positive effect on cucumber plants and is potentially an effective tool for the environmental friendly, economical, and profitable production of the plant.
 

Volume 22, Issue 11 (November 2022)
Abstract

One of the main problems in the commercial use of lithium-ion batteries for high energy consumption is the heat problems associated with these batteries. Since many batteries are used together in order to generate higher power, it is important to predict their thermal performance. In this study, a heat management system of a lithium-ion battery equipped with a heat pipe is investigated. For this purpose, a part of a battery pack consisting of two batteries and a heat pipe is selected and its performance is experimentally investigated. These tests are performed at various ambient temperatures through a made test chamber with the ability to accurately control temperature. The experimental results show that although with increasing ambient temperature, the battery surface temperature increases, but due to the decrease in thermal resistance of the heat pipe, the effect of this temperature rise can be moderated and work as an active method. In addition, using forced convection in the condenser section, not only can the battery surface temperature be controlled below 40 ˚C, but it also distributes the temperature uniformly over the battery surface. The use of the heat pipe also helps to maintain more stable temperature conditions with lower temperature fluctuations in consecutive battery cycles.

Volume 24, Issue 2 (6-2020)
Abstract

The marketing of the technical knowledge services and products in knowledge Intensive Business Service (KIBS) has emerged a challenge to these companies. Knowledge brokers play a key role in providing the specialized services needed by KIBSs to their technical knowledge services and products marketing. The purpose of the present research is to develop a technical knowledge in knowledge Intensive Business Service marketing model with emphasis on the role of Knowledge Brokers. In order to achieve the research model, the method of Thematic Synthesis of systematic literature review has been used. In data collecting, documents, articles, texts and reports in the framework of the research method and through targeted sampling are collected. One of the findings of this research is the three-step function of the Knowledge Broker (access, manipulation and delivery of knowledge) and its role in the quadruple communities of applicants, providers, innovators and knowledge framers in technical knowledge in KIBSs marketing. Finally, the knowledge marketing model of KIBSs with emphasis on the role of Knowledge Brokers was presented.


Volume 25, Issue 3 (Summer 2022)
Abstract

The purpose of this study was comparison study on antibiotic resistance profile and multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR Index) in the Campylobacter spp. isolates from domestic animals and water. To performing the study, 392 fecal and water samples were collected from poultry (182), cow (141), sheep and goat (41) and tap water (28). All samples were subjected for isolation of Campylobacter spp. using pre-treatment-Kapandis Baseri (prêt KB) method and the isolates were confirmed by sequencing of 16srRNA genes. Furthermore, Campylobacter isolates were assessed for antibiotic resistance profile and multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR Index) by using disk diffusion method. The results indicated that Campylobacter spp.  isolated from 50 samples. The isolation rate was highest in poultry (37/50) and lowest in goat (2/50). 36 isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and the rest (14 isolates) were identified as Campylobacter coli. All of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates found resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic, erythromycin and chloramphenicol and all sensitive to ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, tetracycline and imipenem. 36% of C. jejuni  and 14% of C. coli had multiple antibiotic resistance index 0.2 and upper. Therefore, based on foregoing evidence, all of the isolates were resistant to antibiotics, therefore, human infection with Campylobacter spp. via utilization of animal origin products is possible.  
 

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