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Research subject: Poly (2-oxazoline) (PEOX) polymers are a family of synthetic macromolecules with biodegradable and biocompatible features. They resemble polypeptides in structure and therefore, have recently taken put to use in drug delivery. Nonetheless, these polymers suffer from relatively low thermal and mechanical performance and thus are reinforced with nanoparticles as nanocomposites. The molecular details of the reinforcement mechanism of PEOX have not yet been elucidated.
Research approach: This research work was done to reach an understanding on interaction of 2-oxazoline-based polymers with 2D nanoscale reinforcements and to shed light on the mechanism of reinforcing the respective nanocomposites. To this end, conformation and dynamics of poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), as a known representative member of this family, near a functionalized graphene nanosheet were studied via classical molecular dynamics for a period of 10 ns. The effects of various temperatures and polymer chain lengths on polymer conformation and dynamics were assessed.
Main results: Molecular dynamics snapshots exhibited effective interaction of the polymer chain with the graphene nanosheet leading to adsorption, whereby conformation and dynamics of the chain underwent transition. The adsorbed polymer chain adopted a flat, folded arrangement parallel with the graphene plane. Also, the gyration radius was found to increase, when the polymer chain approached the graphene nanosheet. Pair correlation function curves revealed that the adsorption correlation length was on the order of the repeating unit end-to-end distance. Mean-square-displacement of the polymer chain decreased as it moved towards graphene. An increase in temperature led to a change in structure and dynamics of the adsorbed polymer chain.
 

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Human resources are the fundamental consideration of any organization, and the development of organization depends upon the effective and optimum use of the resources particularly its manpower. The ideal systems cannot accomplish their programs without creating appropriate background in their manpower, and the most crucia point is that the program in itself relies on a kind of discipline. On the other hand, set of behaviors of the people within an organization form organizational behavior, and then social behavior which in turn forms social discipline. In other way, social discipline is the result of discipline and order of the individuals in social system. The simplest and the most understandable illustration of discipline is that anyone in any place and in any profession does his/her best obeying the law. cultural activities Scientific survey and recognition of the relationship between different elements and this social phenomenon can help establishing a powerful social discipline Besides within the organization. To do so, this paper which is the result of a scientific research an the relationship between social discipline and some organizational elements aims to present a short summary of the findings and the results of related scientific research papers.

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Objective: Osteon has been introduced as a bone substitute material. It is biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) that use in dentistry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of osteon on the proliferation, cell viability and differentiation of saos-2 cells in vitro. Also it was compared with cerasorb bone graft. Materials and Methods: Two different bone grafts materials, osteon and cerasorb, were used to evaluate the effect on proliferation and differentiation rate of saos-2 cells. On day 15 the cell proliferation and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. For determination of differentiation, alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red test was used. Results: Osteon and cerasorb groups showed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity and cell differentiation. Cell viability of both bone grafts was significantly lower than control group and cell proliferation was higher in osteon group. Osteon has more suitable biological property compare to cerasorb. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that osteon and cersorb bone grafts allow proliferation and differentiation of saos-2 cells in vitro.

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Researchers are currently directing their efforts toward developing new enzyme stabilization and enhancement strategies to broaden their application in various industries. This study utilized a unified platform to stabilize and safeguard proteins in industrial settings. Despite the wide-ranging industrial applications of lipases, their utility in industrial processes is limited by their susceptibility to degradation under harsh environmental conditions. In our study, we used a dual-purpose strategy that involved both enzyme stabilization and the shielding of an organosilica protective layer. After expressing and purifying the recombinant lipase enzyme, we immobilized it onto silica nanoparticles and shielded it with an organosilica nanolayer to protect the enzyme. We meticulously examined the optimal thickness of the protective layer and its influence on enzyme stabilization against environmental stressors. Our research findings demonstrate that the immobilized enzyme exhibited a remarkable level of stability compared to its free enzyme when subjected to various factors, such as fluctuations in temperature and exposure to chemical agents. Furthermore, the immobilized samples displayed optimal activity across a broad range of temperatures, highlighting this approach's adaptability and efficacy. Notably, the organosilica layer significantly bolstered the reactivity recovery of denatured proteins with SDS and urea, highlighting the versatile applications of this method. These findings indicated that our present platform has great potential to improve the efficiency and stability of industrial enzymes against various environmental challenges.
 

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Careful and numerical analysis eccentrically stiffened shells in the industry is a major step forward in the design of these shells. In this paper, a careful analysis of post-buckling behavior of eccentrically stiffened FGM thin circular cylindrical shells is surrounded by an elastic foundation and external pressure is presented. The two parameter elastic foundation based on Winkler and Pasternak elastic model is assumed. Stringer and ring stiffeners are internal. Shell properties and eccentrically stiffened are FGM. Fundamental relations and equilibrium equations are derived based on the smeared stiffeners technique and the classical theory of shells and according to von- Karman nonlinear equations. The three-term approximation for the deflection shape, including the pre-buckling, linear buckling shape and nonlinear buckling shape was chosen that using the Galerkin method, the critical load and post-buckling pressure-deflection curves is calculated. The effects of different dimensional parameters, buckling modes, volume fraction index and number of stiffeners are investigated. Numerical results show that stiffeners and elastic foundation enhance the stability of the shells. Increasing the shell thickness, reducing the volume fraction index, raising the number of Stringer and ring stiffeners and applying foundation elastic, causes the critical buckling load is increased, too.

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In this paper, thermo‌-elastic analysis of functionally graded nanocomposite hollow cylinders reinforced by single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) subjected to a thermal load was carried out by a mesh-free method. It is assumed that the functionally graded nanocomposite hollow cylinder reinforced by carbon nanotube with finite length is simply supported. A uniform and three kinds of functionally graded (FG) distributions of carbon nanotubes in the radial direction of cylinder are considered. Nanocomposite mechanical properties are estimated by micro mechanical generalized rule mixture model. Applying the virtual work principle, the governing equations are obtained and are discretized by the mesh-free method. In the mesh-free analysis, moving least squares (MLSs) shape functions are used for approximation of displacement field. The transformation method was used for the imposition of essential boundary conditions. Using finite difference method, temperature distribution was obtained by solving the thermal equation. To validate, the results of this analysis were compared with previous published works and a good agreement was seen between them. Then the effects of various parameters, such as the kind of distribution and the volume fractions of carbon nanotubes and the different geometrical parameter, on the components of stress are studied.

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In this paper, an exact analysis of thermal post-buckling behavior of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded (FG) thin circular cylindrical shells subjected to thermal radial loading and surrounded by elastic foundation, is presented. Stringer and ring stiffeners are assumed to be placed on the inner surface of the FG cylinder shell and the material properties of the shell and stiffeners are assumed to be temperature dependent and continuously graded in the thickness direction. The elastic medium around the circular cylindrical shell is modeled by a two parameter elastic foundation based on the Winkler and Pasternak model. Fundamental relations and equilibrium equations are derived based on the smeared stiffeners technique and the classical theory of shells according to the von- Karman nonlinear equations. By using the Galerkin method, the thermal post-buckling response of eccentrically stiffened FG thin circular cylindrical shells are obtained. In order to validate the method, the obtained results are compared with available solutions and in continue, the effects of different parameters such as volume fraction exponent, number of stiffeners and elastic foundation parameters, on the thermal post-buckling response of eccentrically stiffened FG thin circular cylindrical shells are considered. Numerical results show that stiffeners and elastic foundation enhance the stability of the FG shells. Moreover, increasing the shell thickness, reducing the volume fraction index, increasing the number of Stringer and ring stiffeners and applying stiffer elastic foundation lead to increase the thermal post-buckling response of stiffened FG circular cylindrical shells.