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Comparative mythology partly is a one of the modern courses, which have been used broadly from the second mid-nineteenth century. On the one hand, the relation of this approach has become firm in the comparative literature, and fixed in the mythical critic, on the other. Though at first, the necessity recognition of world's nations myths was introduced widely and comparatively by the European’s and broad researches were done by them, especially in the field of European nations (Rome and Greek's) myths, but the extent of this approach in the Islamic nation's myths did not progress, except of some small and separated surveys on myth motives. In 2000 AD, Hossein Mojib Al-Mesri, by understanding this poverty research, in “Comparative research in Arab, Iran and Turk's myths”, took the first step in comparison of Iranian, Arabic and Turkish's myths. It is wonderful that, even after a decade, researches did not refer to this. Mojib Al-Mesri, in this comparative research, has studied every Iranian, Arabic and Turkish's myths in three separate parts. However, this book does not operate according to the twentieth century mythical critic approach, but in Iran's myths study, it exhibits modern conclusions and achievements in comparative mythology and in this way, compares unfamiliar Arabic and Turkish's myths with similar Iranian samples that have not been studied in any research so far. This paper has tried firstly to clarify the myth relation and functioning of mythology in comparative literature and  then  introduce  Hossein Mojib Al-Mesri's achievements. Then in a more limited scope, it reviews his theories that he received from Iran's myths. In the end, it shows the existing common points between Persian myths with Arabic and Turkish samples in two sections of religious and historical myths. The purpose of this essay is revealing the potential capabilities of Islamic nations' myths. It also recommend the necessary changes, which must occur in one-sided and unilateral views of Iranian or Non Iranian mythologists.

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Abstract Check drawing of marriage in literature, so far, the campaign a lot of research and research that has been, of course in most of them, or to the shape and interesting species of marriage are not paid or the bed of the research in the field of order and generally limited to the type of epic Shahnameh and special – a Ferdowsi-wise. In this article with Samak-E- Aiiar and re-examine this phenomenon to the analytical review-content root 9, any style is important to the marriage, in which the bully or Princess is often out of their territory to choose such and so on in order to travel and search goes through, and in this way after pick up pair against their agenda The father of the girl and gets her face with the opposition, and often the back stock events and other difficult test to joiner. In the link style is such that Samak-E-Aiiar, his daughter out of marriage in October, and pioneer. Rare types of throw toranj toward the mistress, love on the battlefield, the link provided-the mediator should represent and Utopia marriage can be as are other styles of marriage. The roots and styles, sometimes some examples on the one hand and close links with joint approach established social and on the other hand, at odds with the feminist theory in analysis of literary works, in terms of absolute presentatio

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Zamji-Nāmeh is the first logical sequence of Abu Muslim-Nāmeh and from the perspective of story, it narrates the events that happened after the murder of Abu Muslim Khorāsāni. The content of Zamji-Nāmeh is arranged in three parts according to the existing manuscripts and until today, only its first part has been published. The subject of the first part of Zamji-Nāmeh is the description of the circumstances and struggles of Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ali Zamji and his other comrades who, after the killing of Abu Muslim, went against the Abbasids and continued until the destruction of Abu Ja’afar, the second Abbasid caliph, the narrative of which ends with the martyrdom of Ahmad Zamji. However, the second and third parts of Zamji-Nāmeh, known as Golzār Ali Ahmad Zamji and Koochak-Nāmeh, which reported the condition of the children of Ahmad Zamji and Abu Muslim Khorāsāni, have not yet been reviewed and have not been published. The current research has focused on the criticism of the unique manuscript of the second part of Zamji-Nāmeh, Golzār Ali Ahmad Zamji, in an inductive way and has presented its findings in two parts: codicology and textual criticism. In the first part of the study, the characteristics and handwriting of the only manuscript of this story in the library of Punjab University in Lahore are given, and then some other unknown manuscripts related to Zamji-Nāmeh, which have not been noticed until now, are introduced. After that, in the second part, titled textual criticism, the characteristics of the story have been examined
 

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Soil data can be very significantly informative in archeological and anthropological studies. Bam Citadel (BC), as the largest and oldest earthen (non baked brick) monument of the world has been restored for several times, but no data have yet been available surrounding the materials employed in the restoration work. Bam Citadel (BC) was almost totally destroyed by the severe earthquake of December 26th, 2003. A detailed knowledge concerning the old sun-dried cobs and the architecture of the exposed parts could be essential for a better ongoing as well as future restoration. Some old parts of the citadel have been exposed following the devastating earthquake. A micromorphological, physico-chemical, mineralogical and sulfur isotope geochemistry study was carried out to compare the characteristics of the soil samples obtained from the previously restored vs. those of the exposed old parts of the BC. The results indicated that the electrical conductivity differs widely between the samples obtained from the exposed old parts and those obtained from the restored parts (6.4 dS m-1 and 42.4 dS m-1 respectively). This indicates that a saline soil (EC 42.4 dS m-1) has been used in the recent restoration work, while the old non saline cobs’ building material, used by original builders, are thought to have been brought from other non saline areas. Smectite, illite, kaolinite and palygorskite were determined as the predominant clay minerals. Massive microstructure was found as dominant in all the samples, but igneous microlites and gypsum crystals were observed only in the repaired parts. The soil matrix from the old parts was found to be high in organic matter.

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Carbon and sulfur isotopic data are helpful in understanding environmental conditions under which soils are formed. Soils from 18 sampling sites along a climotoposequence from higher Laleh Zar Mountains (4,351 m above sea level with xeric-mesic soil moisture-temperature regimes) to Shahdad depression (250 m above sea level with arid-hyperthermic soil moisture-temperature regimes) in Kerman Province, central Iran, were studied. δ 13C values of the soil organic carbon varied between -20.6 ‰ and -26.9 ‰ PDB. δ 13C values of pedogenic carbonates varied between -2.2 ‰ and +2.2 ‰ PDB and a decreasing trend was observed downward in the climotoposequence. A positive correlation (r= 0.6) was found between δ 13C and δ 18O values in the lower arid landscape, but a different relationship (r= 0.37) in the upper Mediterranean climatic positions was observed. It seems that the presence of more C3 plants under stress and more decomposition of organic matter in lower positions of the landscape has taken place. δ 13C values of soil organic carbon and pedogenic carbonates and their trend along the gradient showed that higher proportion of C3 plants at lower elevations and presence of more C4 plants in the past history of upper landscape positions may have been experienced. Mean δ34S value of 11.3‰ showed that lower Cretaceous sea sulfate may have been the source of sulfur in the area. Mean δ D and δ 18O values of -51.2‰ and +6.0‰ in gypsum crystallization water showed that direct deposition from a solution saturated with gypsum is the only probable mechanism of gypsum formation in the area.

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Topography and climate are two important soil forming factors affecting genesis and clay mineralogy of soils. Calcareous and gypsiferous soils are widely spread in arid and semiarid parts of Iran and palygorskite is a dominant clay mineral in these soils. The objectives of the study were to: (1) determine soil genesis and classification along the climotoposequence and (2) investigate clay mineralogy and mode of mineral formation in soils along the sequence. The study area is a transect located in the southwest of Kerman Province covering 1,200 km2 beginning from Kerman Plain (1,840 m above sea level) with aridic moisture regime and extending to Lalehzar elevation (3207 m above sea level) with xeric moisture regime. Soil parent material changed from recent Quaternary alluvium in north of the transect (Kerman Plain) to the materials originated from weathering of igneous granodiorites of Lalehzar Mountains in the south. Illite, high charge smectite, palygorskite, chlorite and kaolinite clay minerals were found in almost all the soils studied. Smectite-vermiculite interstratified minerals were found only in Histosols (pedon 8 at lowland geomorphic position close to Lalehzar Mountain), which are attributed to higher soil moisture in this geomorphic surface. Palygorskite bundles were associated with both calcite and gypsum crystals and they were both pedogenic and inherited from the parent material. Due to higher soil moisture at the end of the transect (Lalehzar elevation), palygorskite was not observed. A close relation was found between soil properties, topography, and climate in the studied sequence.

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Microbial calcium carbonate, by bridging sand particles, can play an important role in sand dune stability. A study was carried out on the cementation of sand grains and infilling of pore spaces by CaCO₃. Two bacterial species (Sporosarcina pasteurii and Sporosarcina ureae), three reactant concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5M), and six reaction times (12, 24, 48, 96, 192 and 288 hours) were tested in factorial experiment. Bacterial inocula and reactant solutions were added daily to sandy soil columns (6.5 cm height and inner diameter of 7.7 cm), while precipitation of CaCO₃ being investigated within 0-1.5, 1.5-3, 3-4.5 and 4.5-6 cm intervals. Chemical and micromorphological analyses revealed that CaCO₃ formation, inorganic C sequestration, and depth of cementation were more profound for S. pasteurii as compared with S. ureae. Both microbial CaCO₃ precipitation and inorganic C sequestration increased with increase in reaction time from 12 to 288 hours. Increase in reactant concentration also caused an increase in CaCO₃ precipitation (by 12%). Micromorphological observations showed a high degree of calcite crystals’ bridging, coating on sand particles and as well infilling of pore spaces. S. pasteurii is thus recommended for being used in stabilization of sand dunes; due to its significant effects on CaCO₃ deposition and as well on sand grain cementation.

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In this research, the SSIIM numerical model is investigated to investigate the flow pattern, velocity meters, current strength and turbulence parameters around the pier of the vertical bridge with submerged vanes. The parameters of different overlap length, and the distance of the submerged vanes upstream from the pier of the bridge and from each other in sharp 180-degree bend in the steep-ratio hydraulic radius 2 with a height of 90 cm and a width of 100 cm and a length of straight direction upstream and downstream of the bend respectively 6.5 m and 5 m, were analyzed. SSIIM software was used to investigate the flow field around the around the cylindrical bridge pier and upstream submerged vanes. The K-ε turbulence model was also used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. In order to validate, the results of the simulated model were compared with the available experimental data in the case of submerged vanes located upstream of the bridge pier. The match between the numerical and experimental data indicated the proper performance of the SSIIM numerical model in modeling the flow pattern in the problem under study. The results showed that the range of secondary flow power was measured in all models with the presence of upstream submerged vanes from 10.5 to 12%. In the case where the submerged vanes did not overlap with each other and the placement of the submerged vanes at a distance of 2.5 times the pier diameter from the pier and a distance equal to 2 times the pier diameter from each other and above the pier is the lowest value and in the overlapping state 100 Percentage of vanes, in the arrangement of submerged vanes at a distance of 5 times the pier diameter and 2 times the pier diameter of each other and above the pier has its highest value. Shear stress changes after local scouring were also calculated. The maximum shear stress from the beginning of the bend to near the bend exit was inclined towards the inner bank of the bend and in the bend output range the maximum shear stress was transferred to the middle of the bend and then the second half of the bend. The results also showed that the tangential velocity was increased as the immersion range of the submerged vanes and the pier approached, so that the maximum tangential velocity occurred in the passage through the pier. As the height from the initial bed increases, the maximum positive tangential velocities increase. The results also showed that at the level near the bed, the radial flow is towards the inner bank. The greatest difference in radial velocities, as opposed to tangential velocities, is observed near the bed. The highest changes in the maximum landing number are related to models with submerged vanes at a distance of 7.5 times the pier diameter, which by changing the distance between the vanes from 1 to 1.5 times the pier diameter from each other, an increase of 12.5% And by changing the distance of the submerged vanes to 2 times the pier diameter from each other, it decreases by 11%.