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Since the change of land use accrued in the Iran, especially in northern Iran, this research aims tocompare the spatial variability of soil properties in three adjacent land uses including cultivated by wheat lands, grazing lands and forest Lands covered by juniperus sp,  fagus orientalis, quercus castanifolia, and acer velotinum species in kiasar region, Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Some of soil features, i.e. pH, CaCO3, total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC), electric conductivity (EC), percentage of silt, clay and sand contents and saturation moisture content(SM) were measured at a grid with 20 m sampling distance on the top soil (0 – 30 cm depth). Accordingly, total of 147samples were taken from 49 soil sites. The normality of data was examined by the tests of normality. Then, data were analyzed by using of geostatistics approach. The results showed that spatial distribution of many soil properties could be well described by spherical model in the forest and exponential model in the cultivated and grazing lands. Spatial dependences were the highest for SOC, EC and the lowest for silt, (SOC and silt) in the forest method and grazing lands, respectively. Deforestation and conversion to cultivated and grazing lands decreased spatial dependence of soil properties.

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The effect of a probiotic containing five species of bacilli at four levels of 0 (control), 1×10⁶CFU/ml (T₁), 1×10⁷ CFU/ml (T ₂) and 1×10⁸CFU/ml (T ₃) per 100g of feed on the growth performances, resistance and survival of rainbow trout fry, Oncorhynchus mykiss (463±32 mg) were compared in a  60-days feeding trial. Growth parameters, such as ADG, SGR, RGR and TGC, were significantly enhanced (p<0.05) by the probiotic at all levels, and the performance in T₂ was significantly better than T₁. The fish under the probiotic treatments also showed higher resistance (p<0.05) to such Environmental stresses as alkaline pH, heat and ammonia (p<0.05). No significant difference in tolerance to acidic pH stress was observed between the control and treatments. In conclusion, the probiotic bacillus highly increased the growth performances, feeding efficiency, resistance and survival in rainbow trout fry.

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Today, nepotism in recruitment and appointment in organizations is one of the most important problems that society is suffering it. This problem is created more sensitivity as for rising unemployment and scarcity and poverty of jobs in our society. This applied research has been done to evaluate the impact of nepotism on job satisfaction and job performance in employees of the companies of Consulting Engineers of Khuzestan. For data-gathering was used from valid and reliable questionnaires. The results of data analysis using regression & structural equation modeling showed that nepotism has a negative and significant effect on job performance; also job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on job performance, whereas the negative impact of nepotism on job satisfaction was not confirmed, but structural equation modeling confirms the negative impact of nepotism on job satisfaction.

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Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora beticola has a great negative impact on yield and quality of sugar beet. In the present study, pathogenic and genotypic variation of 24 C. beticola isolates collected from different regions of Iran were studied using RFLP of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS-RFLP), and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR). Pathogenic variability and genotype × isolate interaction were evaluated in greenhouse experiments on five sugar beet cultivars (FD0018, HM1836, Puma, Eudora and Monatuna). All of the 24 isolates tested were found to be pathogenic on the cultivars with significant variation in disease severity. Results of RAPD analysis showed wide DNA polymorphism among the Iranian C. beticola isolates. Restriction pattern of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA (ITS1-5.8-ITS4) was studied using three restriction endonucleases: EcoR1, Taq1, and Busr1. The length of undigested DNA fragment of all isolates was estimated to be 500bp without rDNA polymorphism after digestion with EcoR1 (280, 270 bp), Taq1 (330 bp) and Busr1 (240, 220, 90 bp). RAPD and ITS-RFLP markers showed the highest level of genetic diversity which confirms the variation in C. beticola detection.

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The main purpose of this study is to documenting tacit knowledge derived from employee experience. A Critical Incident Techniqu  was used to achieve this purpose. First, 51 employees of the Resource Planning and Development department of Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad  participated in the research in order to find key actor, using the social network analysis. At this stage, social network analysis questionnaire was used to collect data. Based on the findings of the study at this stage, relationship arrangement graph of actors was depicted and actors positions was obtained based on centralization indices in network. Then, based on the results of data analysis, key actors in organizational knowledge network of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad were identified. At the next stage, Narrative interviews were used to to find effective and ineffective behaviors in dealing with critical incident.
 

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In this study, the Iranian specimens of the cixiid tribe Cixiini (genera Cixius Latreille and Tachycixius, Wagner) housed in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) were examined. The examined specimens were collected and deposited in HMIM since 1970 including our recent studies and collecting trips since 2007. Cixius remotus Edwards, 1888 is a new record for the fauna of Iran. An Identification key to the genera and species, and distribution maps for the species in the tribe Cixiini present in Iran are provided and zoogeographic implications are discussed.

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Empirical sciences are systems of theories. Scientifics theories build up the human’s knowledge realm through explaining the phenomena and develop it by raising new issues and participating in the formation of new theories in responding them . This article presents a systematic method for theory building in managerial Studies as well as human oriented researches. The theories take shape by means of extracting and organizing the “concepts” hidden in the research subjects. This logic merges the empirical knowledge (singular statement)with the theorems (universal statements) by justification and generates new deductive theorems with scientific validity. Thus, in the present research “Grounded Theory”(GT) was presented as a widely accepted methodology and the theory building process was explained by means of GT. An experience of theory building in managerial research was then presented to enlighten the process more clearly. This research studied twelve failed companies to find out the reasons behind the crashed strategies and the findings were presented in the pattern of two theories. The trustworthiness of the two theories was introduced through "falsification" at the end of the article. The main purpose of this research was to familiarize the human science researchers with “theory building” and to report an actual work through the use of this me methodology. Even though it was restricted to summarizing due to its short structure.

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The present study was accomplished to purify and biochemically characterize the phenol-degrading enzyme from the bacteria existed in petroleum-contaminated soils. The catechol 1, 2 dioxygenase was extracted from Aneurinibacillus migulanus Isolate ZNU05 and purified using Q-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography column. The enzyme activity was examined under different pHs (ranged from 4 to 9), at different temperatures (ranged from 20 to 70˚C), in the presence of various metal ions chloride salts (Ca²⁺, K⁺, Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Na⁺), and with various solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, acetonitrile, N-amyl alcohol, N-hexane, and toluene). In addition, the enzyme activity was investigated using different substrates such as phenol, catechol, benzoic acid, pyrogallol and α-naphtol. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that there was a single-band protein with a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa. The catechol 1, 2 dioxygenase had a maximum activity at temperature 30˚C at pH 8.5. Moreover, the catalytic activity of the enzyme was increased in the presence of cobalt and zinc ions as well as organic solvent of amyl alcohol, while it was decreased or inhibited in the presence of the other metal ions and organic solvents used. Among different substrates on enzyme activity, catechol was the most favorable for the enzyme, so that, the V_max and K_m were 8.959 U/mg and 4.992 µg/mL for the substrate, respectively.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacillus of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Despite being part of the natural human microflora, this is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. The increased emergence of multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae has limited the treatment options for this bacterium. Carbon nanotubes (CNT), by improving the stability and solubulity of drugs, could increase the effectiveness of drugs for treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of nanofluid containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-CNT-NF) on Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens. For the strain confirmation, biochemical ,API20E kit, and additional differential tests were performed, and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. The studied strain showed a resistance to all antibiotics such as cefepime.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the antibiotic micro dilution method. The MIC was determined in five effect modes including antibiotic (Ab), nanofluid containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-CNT-NF) , nanofluid containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT-NF) ,Ab in combination with f-CNT-NF and Ab with CNT-NF. Nevertheless the individual effects of 10 µg mL^-1 cefepime or 80 µg of nanofluid with f-CNT-NF did not inhibit the growth of the bacteria, but the co-administration of 10 µg mL^-1 cefepime with 80 µg of the f-CNT-NF could inhibit the bacteria`s growth. It was concluded that f-CNT-NF could be more effective in drug delivery at lower concentrations than the free state, which could be used as a tool for optimal drug delivery.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 8 levels of threonine (0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.1%) and 2 levels of protein (17.5 and 20.5%) on growth performance, gut sizes and morphology as well as to estimate Standardized Ileal Digestible (SID) Thr requirements in Ross 308 males at 0 to 21 days of age. Chicks were randomized into 64 battery cages (5 chicks per replicate). FI was lower for broiler given the high CP diets as compared to those fed on low CP diets. BWG and FCR improved up to 0.7% Thr in both CP levels. Fitted broken lines indicated break points at 0.62 and 0.66% SID Thr for weight gain at 17.5 and 20.5% crude protein, respectively. Significant interaction was found between CP and Thr on relative weight and length of duodenum and jejunum (P< 0.05). Thr supplementation significantly affected villus height, epithelial thickness, goblet cell number and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P< 0.01). Low CP diets adequate in Lys, Total Sulfur Amino Acid (TSAA) supplemented with Thr may result in optimal BWG and FCR as well as in growth of intestinal length. Such parameters of gut functionality as microvilli height, crypt depth and epithelial thickness seemed to be improved with even higher levels of dietary SID Thr levels.

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Nowadays, the peptides and proteins possessing anti-cancer, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties are used for disease treatment. Brazzein is a sweet protein containing 54 amino acids and according to reports, it has anti-cancer properties based on sequence and structurehas sequence. In this study, the role of position 40 aspartate in the structure and function of wild brazzein protein and mutants as well as the anti-cancer properties of the peptides obtained on the TLR5 receptor were investigated. For this, several models of mutated forms were designed and constructed using Modeller.v.9.20 software. Then, the accuracy of the models and the physico-chemical properties of wild type (WT) and mutants of D40N, D40R and D40Deletion were evaluated using various bioinformatics servers and softwares including ProtParam, ProtScale, SAVES, PIC, ModEval, and PredyFlexy. For predicting anticancer properties, the sequence of WT protein and mutants was examined and compared using ACPred and iACP servers. The quality and analysis of WT protein and mutants binding as a ligand with TLR5 receptor, triggering an anti-cancer signaling pathway, were investigated through molecular docking using HADDOCK software.The results of bioinformatics parameters analysis indicated the possibility of improving the stability of brazzein structure and function, and the probability of increasing the available surface to bind to the receptor. Moreover, based on the results of molecular docking analyses, the ability binding TLR5 receptor was higher in D40R than the other proteins indicating an increased probability in anti-cancer properties of the mutant.

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This paper studies the effects of soluble cutting fluid-based CuO Nanofluid on machining force and surface roughness in turning of hardened AISI 4340 tool steel. These influences, Moreover, are compared with the outputs of similar tests through dry and soluble cutting fluid. The obtained results showed 1% volume fraction of CuO Nanoparticles added to soluble oil as cutting fluid was considerably reduced machining force and surface roughness in comparison to soluble cutting oil and dry. The investigations indicated that CuO Nanofluid reduced surface roughness and machining force by 49% and 24% respectively. Moreover, the results illustrated that the lowest surface roughness obtained in cutting speed 250 m/min, feed rate 0.1 mm/rev and cutting nanofluid.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to develop and assess targeted PAMAM-PEG nanocarrier with anti-TAG72 nanobody for t-Bid gene coding construct delivery into the human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: Nanobody (Nb) coding sequence was subcloned into pSJ expression vector for large-scale production and then Nb was purified by Ni++ affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis were performed to verify purifiction. PAMAM was reacted with PEG at the ratio 1:2 (mol/mol) and anti-TAG72 Nb at the ratio 1:1 (mol/mol). Surface charge and size of resulting nanoparticles were evaluated by Malvern zeta sizer and Nanosight. Efficiency of constructed gene carrier for t-Bid, a killer gene, delivery into colonic adenocarcinoma cells in in vitro was assessed using real time PCR and cell counting assays. Results: Production of nanoparticles with the average size of 162±92 nm and +4.57±0.52 zeta potential was confirmed by nanosight and Malvern zeta sizer in order. Gel retardation assay result verified efficiency of carrier for pDNA comlexation. Real time PCR results confirmed the target gene overexpression in the cancerous cell lines. Conclusion: The results of this research confirms the efficiency of PAMAM dendrimers for gene transferring, positive effect of PEGylation and targeting of nanoparticles by anti-TAG72 nanobody.

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Multi-effect distillation is one of the thermal desalting systems. MEDs have recently come to notice more than other systems because of their high energy utilizing and performance. High complicity and possessing different heat transfer mechanisms have distinguished them from other desalination systems such as Multi-stage flash. In MEDs although formation of thin falling-film layer on horizontal rows of tube-bundle increases heat transfer, however the risk of precipitation will be high especially on lower rows where film thickness is the least. Falling-film evaporation is a self-compensation phenomenon; the more the evaporation, the thinner the film, and subsequently the more the evaporation. In present work, an applicable algorithm is proposed and applied for thermohydraulic design of tube bundle, and heat transfer surface. Flow and heat distribution on tube-bundle is numerically simulated with the advantage of given algorithm. Results show that more concentration and precipitation risk will occur on outer surfaces, near the entrance of last rows. Uniform distribution of feed on tubes will result in non-uniform vapor generation throughout the tube length. Steam quality increases almost linearly inside tubes, whereas its cross-section is occupied by gas phase predominantly; and condensate film will experience an annular regime. Steam quality reduction and non-uniform vapor generation decrease thermal performance of the last zone of the tube-bundle.

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As a disastrous cyclic response of soils, liquefaction commonly takes place in the saturated soils overlaid in seismic regions. Earthquake excitation in loose deposits enforces the soil particles to displace towards a more compacted state. This tendency causes generation of excessive pore water pressure when drainage is prevented or its rate is less than the generation rate. Comprehensive laboratory investigations have been carried out so far in order to capture cyclic behavior of silicate soils. However, cyclic behaviour and liquefaction resistance of calcareous soils has not been fully recognized as well. Calcareous soils evolve from biological resources due to the physiochemical process of marine organisms. Such soils have excessive crushing capability; and thus, their mechanical behaviour is expected to be different than that of terrestrial soil deposits. The current study presents results of several undrained cyclic tests on isotropically and anisotropically consolidated samples of Boushehr calcareous sand. The tests were conducted via a triaxial machine in strain-controlled condition. Bulk samples of the sand were gathered from the coast of Boushehr city located in the southwest of Iran, north bank of Persian Gulf. The sand samples were reconstituted with dry deposition method of sample preparation under various initial relative densities and confining pressures. The consolidation phase of the tests was performed in drained condition for either isotropically or anisotropically consolidated samples. The cyclic loading phase of the tests was conducted by multi-stage procedure in order to recognize soil potential for excess pore water pressure generation. Various levels of controlled cyclic axial strains were applied on the sample in each stage of the cyclic loading phase and the samples were allowed to be drained at the end of each stage. The results are presented in terms of threshold shear strain and dissipated strain energy concept. Comparison is made between the tests results and those reported by the previous studies. The results revealed that liquefaction resistance of the studied sand increases with increasing initial relative density and effective confining pressure whereas the samples with high initial effective stress never liquefied even after one hundred cycles of loading. Relationships between excess pore water pressure and the normalized number of cycles as well as the normalized dissipated strain energy are studied and compared with the relationships presented by the previous researchers for silicate sands. According to the results, such relationships are strongly affected by type of cyclic loading i.e. strain or stress-controlled when excess pore water pressure is correlated to the normalized number of cycles. In fact, evaluation of excess pore pressure is more reasonable to be done with the normalized strain energy in order to minimize the influence of loading type. The threshold shear strain for the studied sand was found to be 0.015% which is comparable with this value for silicate sands.

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In production of tissue paper, the adhesion of a liquid adhesive creping aid, compound polymer, as creping aids on the Yankee dryer surface was investigated. A compound polymer was prepared based on mixing ratio of poly (amideamine)-epichlorohydrin resin (PAE) as an adhesive agent, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a modifier agent, and cationic fatty acid (CFA) and ethylene glycol (EG) as release agents. In order to simulate the Yankee dryer cylinder, the adherence of paper to the substrate that was coated by the compound polymer solution was measured using a peel strength test. Results indicated that increasing the percent of total solid content of compound polymer would increase peel strength of paper. Peel strength of paper increases if EG as a release agent is used. The amount of PVA/PAE resin in the formulation of creping aid was critical for building a flexible and tough coating layer on to the substrate and to provide adequate adhesion of paper in peel strength test.

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Shear modulus is one of the most important properties of soil deposit that should be evaluated as a preliminary step for site response analysis. Although numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate this parameter for silicate soils, there are considerably less studies on calcareous soils. However, extensive regions of the earth is covered with calcareous soils. This type of soil is typically observed near offshore hydrocarbon industries, such as the Persian Gulf. Calcareous sand is the accumulation of pieces of carbonate materials, originated from reworked shell fragments and skeletal debris of marine organism. These soils typically include huge oil and gas reservoirs which are continuously under an extending construction. Therefore, assessment of dynamic behavior of calcareous soils is a vital step for engineering projects. In this study, shear modulus of calcareous sand are investigated in the range of small and large strains using resonant column and cyclic triaxial tests, respectively. Bulk samples of Boushehr sand were collected from the North bank of the Persian Gulf near the Boushehr port. Preliminary mineralogy tests were conducted in order to estimate carbonate content of the samples. The sand contains considerable level of carbonate content and skeletal structure of the soil can be observed easily. Remolded samples of this sand were prepared via dry deposition method for either triaxial or resonant column tests. The results are presented in terms of shear modulus versus shear strain. The effects of confining pressure and relative density on the shear modulus of the calcareous soil are investigated. Moreover, for evaluating the effect of stress anisotropy on the shear modulus of calcareous soil, dynamic and cyclic tests were conducted under both isotropic and anisotropic conditions. The experimental results confirm that confining pressure has an important influence on the shear modulus of the tested samples. Increase of the mean confining pressure and relative density increases the shear modulus of the sand, as previously reported for the other sands. The results indicate that the effect of stress anisotropy on dynamic properties of calcareous sand is less important than those of mean confining pressure and relative density. With increasing mean confining pressure, the effect of relative density and initial stress anisotropy on the shear modulus increases. The normalized shear modulus are compared with the G-reduction ranges proposed for silicate sand by the previous researchers. This comparison show the need for some modification of the previous proposed ranges for normalized shear modulus curves. Finally, a modified hyperbolic model is presented for estimating the normalized shear modulus of Boushehr calcareous sand. It is demonstrated that the proposed model has more capability for prediction of the experimental G-reduction curves, compared with the models recommended for silicate soils. One advantage of the proposed model is the simple correlation developed for the reference shear strain in terms of initial effective confining pressure. The modified hyperbolic model presented in this study can be employed for site response analysis of the calcareous deposits of the Boushehr city.