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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious and communicable disease and one of the top ten causes of death throughout the world. Monitoring and evaluating TB treatment outcomes provides the required data for taking the necessary measures to control TB. Thus, this study was carried out to find determinants of treatment failure among patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB in Khuzestan province during 2006-2014
Materials & Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted over a 9-year period in Khuzestan province. Predictors of treatment failure were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression
Findings: Among 5342 patients, the cumulative incidence of unsuccessful TB treatment was 1.85%. More than half of TB patients (59.2%) enrolled in this study were male, and most of them were living in urban areas (79.8%). Significant predictors of treatment failure were age (p=·001), weight (p= ·039), number of delayed days in diagnosis (p=·01), isoniazid resistance (p≤·001), and number of bacilli in patients` sputum at the beginning of treatment (p≤·001).
Conclusion: In this study, the rate of successful treatment was quite high; nevertheless, new cases of treatment failure could be prevented with special efforts such as prompt diagnosis and precise follow-up under Direct Observation Treatment Short course (DOTS) strategy.

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Aims: Appropriate complementary feeding is one of the main ways to prevent malnutrition in infants, which is a serious health problem in developing countries including Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a theory-based educational intervention on timely complementary feeding initiation in primiparous mothers.
Materials & Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 68 primiparous mothers (34 in each intervention and control group) of infants aged 2 to 3 months participated in the study using a Multi-stage random sampling method in Kashan, Iran, 2019. The educational intervention was designed based on the theory of planned behavior. The data collection tool included a demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on the theory of planned behavior. SPSS 22 software was used for data analysis, using Chi-square test, independent and paired t-test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Findings: After the intervention, there were significant increases in the mean scores of knowledge (p=0.004) and attitude (p=0.02) in the intervention group compared to the control group, but the mean scores of intentions to initiate complementary feeding timely, showed no significant differences between the control group and the intervention group. A significant increase was seen in the mean score of perceived behavioral control in the intervention group (p=0.002). Only perceived behavioral control significantly increased the chances of timely initiation of complementary feeding (OR=1.36, p=0.002).
Conclusion: The educational programs based on the theory of planned behavior has small effects on improving timely complementary feeding.