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Climate change (CC) is one of the major challenges of our time that impacts rangelands regionally and globally. The rising vulnerability among pastoralists highlights the need to prioritize resilience thinking. Pastoralists' resilience refers to the ability of rangeland businesses to endure, adapt to, and remain flexible in the face of threats or challenges. This research was conducted with the primary goal of analyzing the factors that influence resilience from the perspective of pastoralists in Tehran province under CC conditions. This research was both goal-oriented and exploratory in methodology. The study sample consisted of 317 pastoralists selected through stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Software SmartPLS was used for data analysis. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the average variance extracted, while its reliability was established by calculating composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique with Smart PLS software. The structural equation modeling indicated that economic, institutional, ecological, physical, social, educational and extensional and individual factors had the greatest impact on Pastoralists' Resilience under Climate Change (PRCC) conditions. These factors explained 75.5% of the PRCC conditions.
 

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Grape is the key product of Qazvin Province and a vast amount of it is annually lost during supply chain due to various causes. This study, therefore, aimed at examining the effective and significant causes of grape losses in supply chain in Qazvin. First, to identify the main causes of the grape losses and to develop the research framework, data was gathered through some qualitative methods. Twenty-three grape growers, researchers, and experts were interviewed by research team as the key informants. Meanwhile, grounded theory techniques were employed for data analysis simultaneous with data collection processes to develop the final theory and model. In second part, the study's hypotheses and research model were formed based upon the developed theory. Then, to examine the research model, Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling and Important-Performance Matrix Analysis techniques were used. The population involved/affected in this part was grape growers from five districts of Qazvin Province. The sample consisted of 380 grape growers who were selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data collection and data was analyzed with the Smart-PLS 3.0. Main findings show that “management practices and resource and equipment” had significant effect on the grape losses. In accordance with Important Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA), “extension and advisory services and management practices” are of paramount prominence. Moreover, in indicators level, providing on-farm participatory training, intelligible educational programs in local media, and financial resources, had the utmost importance in mitigating grape losses.
 

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The role of public financial institutions in agricultural education and extension has received less attention. In this study, quantitative SWOT analysis was used to determine the strategy of the Agricultural Bank of Iran in education and extension of entrepreneurship and innovation in agriculture sector. Based on the literature review and global experiences, the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) framework was considered. For this purpose, the multi-criteria decision making models were used along with the combination of SWOT and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodologies. The analysis of AHP-SWOT results in two-dimensional graphic space emphasizes the need for the bank to adopt aggressive strategies, which means following different combinations of the mentioned strengths and opportunities. According to the findings of this research, the most important strengths of the bank and the coefficient of importance of each (in parentheses) include branches across the country (0.6), trust in the bank as a governmental institution (0.25), and the developmental nature of the bank (0.15). The most important opportunities include the possibility of increasing productivity in the agricultural sector (0.35), innovation in financial area (0.28), international cooperation (0.24), and Internet impact and cyberspace (0.13). This study provides new insights into the role of a financial institution from the perspective of education and extension in agricultural sector.  The important novelty of this study is that it develops a framework in which the preferred strategy of public institution can be identified in PPP programs.