---

Aim: Oral health is one of the most important parts of public health which significantly affects on quality of life. The purpose of this study is to assess the socio-economic statues as well as oral health behaviors among a sample of Iranian students studying in elementary level. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted from April 2012 to November 2012. Data obtained from a face-to-face interviews with students studying in elementary schools of Chahbahar, Iran. Considering inclusion criteria, 300 eligible students were selected through a two - stage random cluster sampling. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using SPSS version 11.5. Finding: Totally 300 students who studying in grade four or five of elementary schools took part in the study. The mean age of subjects was (11± 2.81). Of all students, 11/7% (n = 35) never brush their teeth, 18% (n=54) never floss and 20% (n= 62) never used mouth wash. Furthermore, 94 students (31%) of students had no dental visits regularly. As the results showed, there were significant relationship between lower parents’ educational level (P=0.02), not to access to dental caries services (P=0.04) and lower income (P=0.03) and reasons for not doing oral health behaviour. Conclusion: According the results of this study the students who were in lower socio economic levels, doing less dental healthy behaviors.

---

-

---

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the structure and function of an osteocalcin derived peptide on hydroxyapatite nanocrystal formation. For this purpose, , a natural motif sequence consisting of 13 amino acids present in the first helix of osteocalcin was selected based on its calcium binding ability and synthesized in both acidic and amidic forms using solid phase method. Circular dichroism (CD) and electron microscopy were performed to examine the structure and function of synthesized peptides. Moreover, the effect of these peptides on the viability of osteoblast cells was evaluated. Electron microscopy analysis showed the formation of plate-like HA nanocrystals in the presence of amidic peptide. In contrast, amorphous calcium phosphate was formed in the presence of acidic peptide. CD spectra analysis confirmed the random coil structure with lower molar elipticity for amidic peptide. In addition, the amidic peptide significantly increased the proliferation of osteoblast cells. It is concluded that increased bioactivity, which only occurred in amidic peptide is attributable to C-terminal amidation. It is also proposed that peptides with the ability to promote HA formation have the potential to be utilized in hard tissue regeneration high bioactivity and biocompatibility.

---

Time is an abstract concept standing beside others such as the location and human. Time, in human experience, has two aspects of outer time and inner time. The outer time is indeed that real time which the human being is unable to change its circumstances, while the inner time is the creation of the man’s mind. The present research deals with the examination of the concept of time in the poems of Mahmoud  Darwish and Gheisar Aminpour so as to specify the utilization of the time element by these two poets. This article, at first, has set to define the time lexically and the main opinions stated about time .Then, presenting a definition of outer time and inner time, it studies the thoughts of these two poets on the element of time. This research shows that Mahmoud Darwish and Gheisar Aminpour, for achieving eternity and escape from death, have had recourse to modes like return to past, myth and love, indicating the common view of these two poets on the element of time.    

---

Research subject: In this study, EDTA-functionalized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ magnetic nanocomposites with core-shell structure were synthesized to remove divalent cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.
Research approach: During the first step, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanosphere core-shell is synthesized using nano Fe₃O₄ as the core, TEOS as the silica source and PVA as the surfactant. This strategy relies on the covalently bonding of ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid to bis(3-aminopropyl)amine and cyanuric chloride functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. In the next step, characteristics of surface functional groups, crystal structure, magnetic properties, size and surface morphology of these nanoparticles were investigated, identified and analyzed using physico-chemical characterization techniques including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), vibration sample magnetometry (VSM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer.  The adsorbent, due to its magnetic property, could be simply separated from the reaction mixture by a permanent magnet and reused in five consecutive cycles without considerable loss in its activity.
Main results: To probe the nature of the adsorbent, various experiments were investigated like adsorbent dose and contact time were optimized. Kinetic studies and the effect of different amounts of adsorbent to remove divalent cadmium ions from aqueous solutions show a maximum adsorption of 94% at ambient temperature. Moreover, the recyclability of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-EDTA was investigated in order to remove the divalent cation for successive adsorption-desorption cycles. All the results of studies show that the synthetic nanocomposite Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-EDTA is an effective, recyclable adsorbent with excellent performance for the removal of divalent cadmium.

---

Research subject: This study demonstrates a synthetic strategy for the preparation of porous SiO₂ for adsorption applications using natural and waste materials from rice husks which are functionalized with polymer dendrimer molecules and surface amino groups as the source of biosilica and were investigated to remove divalent cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.
Research approach: Porous silica nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 45 nm were successfully fabricated from rice husk (RH) biomass via a multistep method. During the first step, sodium silicate is extracted from rice husks. Then, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, HCl, and acetic acid were added to the sodium silicate solution, and the resulting mixture was sonicated. After the hydrothermal reaction, the collected samples were calcinated to obtain silica nanoparticles. These synthetic nanoparticles were identified using various techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis and dynamic light scattering analysis. Then, the adsorption kinetics and the effects of synthetic nanoadsorbents dosage on the removal of divalent cadmium ions were investigated. The effect of contact time on cadmium adsorption and recyclability of adsorbent was also investigated.
Main results: The results show that there is no significant reduction in the performance and activity of this nanosorbent in the adsorption of metal ions after 6 times of recycling and reuse. The excellent performance of this nanosorbent in the removal of metal ions is due to its high porosity, active surface amine groups and high surface-to-volume ratio.

---

Purpose: In this study the effect of iron supplmentation on hemoglobin and hematocrit in pregnant women with Hb>13.2 g/dl was investigated. Material and Methods: In this experimental clincal study, the effect of iron supplementation on hemoglobin and hematocrit in pregnant women with Hb>13.2 g/dl and Ferritin> 14.3 μg/l during the 13th- 18th pregnancy week was studied. Eighty seven women having the above conditions were selected in this study. Fourthy two women received one ferrous sulfate pill (50 mg Elemental iron) daily (study group) and 45 women received one placebo ferrous sulfate daily (control group) from the 20th pregnancy week. The amount of Hb and Hct during the 24-28 preganancy week and over the 32nd – 36th pregnancy week were measured. Results: This study showed that in the second trimester the level of hemoglobin in the study group (13.41 ± 0.63) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (12.59 ± 0.79). In addition, the level of hemoglobin in the third trimester in the study group (14.02 ± 0.63) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (13.36 ± 0.57). The level of hematocrit in the second trimester in the study group (40.31 ± 01.81) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (38.96 ± 2.5). Furthermore, the level of hematocrit in the third trimester in the study group (41.74 ± 2.2) was significantly (P=0.000) different from that of the control group (40.73 ± 2.19). There was not any significant clinical decrease in the level of hemoglobin and hematicrit during the pregnancy. Conclusion: Using iron supplementation in women with a high hemoglobin level can inhibit the beneficial decrease of the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit in the second and third trimester and the routin administration of iron supplementation is doubtful.

---

-

---

Ajaib-Nname is written document from the fifth to twelfth centuries. This study hypothesizes that there is a relationship between Ajaib-nameh and mythological views. To text it, eight texts of this genre were described and analyzed. Using Foucault's theory of genealogy, it was revealed that collective imagination in Ajaib-nameh has a relationship with the quasi-mythological motifs, despite the former's methods and objectives. The evolution of these texts has been explained in three distinct eras, including the geography-based era, the narrative era, and time-based era. The intensity and weakness of imagination in these texts are highlighted in three colors: yellow, orange and dark red.
 
 

---

The higher frequency transient signals generated as a result of a power system fault or disturbance provide the basis for an alternative approach to power system containing connectors and cables result in unsuitable operation of the system. However one major challenge is the need to ensure that the transients to be neutralized by electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues and cabling routes. This paper proposes novel method for optimal cable routings and connectors; a combinatorial design Algorithm, to choose the best path when two or more physical paths are available. The best path from EMC point of view can be chosen based upon various criteria such as monetary cost minimization, voltage drop and quality (electromagnetic compatibility) parameters. This paper initially provides a numerical 2D and 3D resolution of the problems of radiation generated by current sources. The approach is based on the finite element method (FEM) associated with absorbing boundary conditions. The presented model makes it possible to consider wave propagation and their effects in heterogeneous mediums in transient which can be applied in EMC for the simulation of radiation. First, the formulations of the electromagnetic problem are detailed. The simulation results are used for the cabling routes with respect to undesirable field distribution in the specified regions. Finally by the use of AHP optimal routes for cabling based upon the above mentioned criteria are chosen. The proposed method is successfully implemented on two different types of power systems, "high voltage substation and current injection system".

---

Despite successful lime witches'-broom (LWB) phytoplasma transmission by Hishimonus phycitis to the lime trees and Bakraee seedlings, there is no published document regarding LWB transmission by H. phycitis to lime seedlings. To study the possibility of vector-based transmission to lime seedlings, the feral leafhoppers were collected in LWB-infected lime orchards and caged on one-year old Mexican lime seedlings. Six months after inoculation, 50% of inoculated seedlings showed typical symptoms of LWB and were strongly positive in PCR assays. To our knowledge, this is the first report of transmission of Ca. P. aurantifolia to Mexican lime seedlings by H. phycitis under greenhouse condition.
 
 

---

---

Emergence of different approaches in the field of Organizational Development has raised the question that which approach Fits which organizational conditions for achieving Organizational Development. In order to answer this question Organizational Development approaches are divided into three categories. The first category is composed of those approaches in which radical and top-down changes along with using information technology are emphasized. Business Process Reengineering is the typical approach in this group. Those approaches that focus on partial moderate changes and give importance to quality of production and services fall in the second category. Total Quality Management can be labled as a typical in this group. The third category includes the approaches in which gradual change through organizational learning makes an organization prepared to meet environmental changes. Learning Organization can suitably referred to as a typical approach in this group. Having applied the technique of Critical Success Factor (CSF) to the corporate’s states of financial, market and customer satisfaction, we proposed a model to fit situational factors to effective organizational approaches. This model was emprically tested in serveral Iranian enterprises.

---

Aims: Our study aimed to find the association between general and central obesity with peers influence, home food environment, and out-of-home food environment in Iran.
Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 15- to 18-year-old students in Yasuj, Iran selected using a stratified random sampling method. A demographic questionnaire was used and a 37-item questionnaire was used to assess the information about the peers' influence, home food environment, and out-of-home food environment. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured for all participants. Body mass index and waist-to-height ratio were calculated.
Findings: Information from 241 participants including 120 girls and 121 boys were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 16.43±0.88. None of the variables of peers influence, home food environment, and out-of-home food environment showed a significant association with anthropometric indices.
Conclusion: In our study, none of the peers' influence, home food environment and out of home food environment, could justify the participants' obesity. It seems that studies with larger sample sizes and more demographic diversity are needed.
 

---

Airflow over a passenger train has been investigated experimentally and numerically in this research. The experimental model was a 1:26 scale model of a real train including a locomotive with one wagon behind it. A total of 16 pressure tabs for train were employed to measure the air pressure at various points on the model for different air flow velocity. Turbulent, incompressible and 3D model of air flow has been applied in numerical simulation. The numerical results of pressure coefficients were compared with the results obtained by the experimental investigation for the numerical simulation verification. The wagon number affect on the train drag coefficient and air pressure distribution on the symmetry plane of the train have been investigated numerically. The results show that the drag coefficient increases to 1.2336 for a locomotive and 7 wagons behind it but the air flow velocity has not a sensible affect on the drag coefficient. The averaged drag coefficient of each intermediate wagon has been obtained 0.1321.

---

 This article aimed to introduce Paul Simpson’s model­ (2004) at the point of view of "Ayenehaye Dardâr" and "Ham Navayie Shabaneye Orcestre Choobhâ". Simpson applies "sequence, duration, and frequency" in the spatial planes of point of view from "camera angle". He also uses "Modality" in psychology, and "Helidian transitional system" in ideological. Exploring the point of view provides a better understanding of the thoughts and feelings of the characters.
The research method is to evaluate the entire text of the novels in the temporal, spatial, and psychological points of view and identifying the "processes" and "aspects of verbs" in the "policy and beliefs motifs" of the authors’ ideology index.
The flashback in two novels plays an important role. Ghasemi, with a partial view, and Golshiri, with the "here and there" frequency pronouns show the contradiction between the origin and destination community in the lives of immigrants. A confirmative attitude is dominated on novels and the narrator explicitly speaks of his dreams and beliefs. The high frequency of material process reveals realism and reports the specific application of the news, personalities, and lives of the characters.

---

Objectives: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major life-threatening pathogen for hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Specific tests are used for the diagnosis and monitoring of CMV infection in transplant patients. This study evaluates the performance of pp65 antigenemia and qualitative PCR assays for monitoring CMV in such patients. Methods: We analyzed 179 clinical samples from 41 patients by using a validated home-brewed qualitative PCR and a commercial antigenemia assay. The obtained results were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR as the gold standard. Results: CMV was observed in 26.8% of samples analyzed by the antigenemia assay and in 42.6% of the samples by qualitative PCR. Among 179 clinical samples, 50.8% were negative and 21.2% were positive by both assays. On the other hand, 26.3% were only positive by qualitative PCR whereas 1.7% were positive by the antigenemia assay. A comparison of the results with real-time PCR showed that qualitative PCR has a higher sensitivity than the antigenemia assay (98.7% vs. 45.7%). The specificity of both assays was equal (96.8%). Quantitative results of the antigenemia assay showed good correlation with real-time PCR (r=0.715; p<0.001). Conclusion: Both the qualitative PCR and antigenemia assays have special deficiencies for efficient diagnosis of CMV infection. Therefore, effective management of CMV infection in transplant patients requires the use of other sensitive quantitative methods such as qPCR.

---

Objectives: Controversial findings exist regarding the association between neonate gender and umbilical cord blood lipid levels. This study aims to compare the levels of lipids and lipoprotein B-100 in the umbilical cord blood of male and female newborns and assess the impact of these factors on neonatal anthropometric measurements. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 75 healthy, term (34 male and 41 female) newborns. A total of 5 ml of umbilical cord blood was obtained immediately after delivery and analyzed on the same day to estimate lipid concentrations and apolipoprotein B-100. Additionally, we measured and recorded neonatal anthropometric indicators. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison of mean values in the two groups. The relationship of cord blood lipid profile with anthropometric data was assessed by the Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression. Results: The cord blood from female newborns had higher levels of low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) compared to male newborns, whereas levels of lipoprotein B-100 and triglyceride (TG) were higher in males compared to female newborns. These differences were not statistically significant. In female newborns there was a significant inverse correlation between TG level and head circumference (P=0.038). In males, there was no statistically significant association between lipid levels and anthropometric parameters. Conclusion: Gender did not impact lipid and apolipoprotein B-100 levels in newborns. This study showed a significant inverse correlation between TG level and head circumference in female newborns.

---

Objective: Various approaches have been offered for resolution of pain resulting from spinal cord injuries. One approach is the use of herbal and natural products. In the present research, as a preliminary study, we investigate the effect of crocin on chronic pain induced by contusion in the rat spinal cord (SCI). Methods: We randomly divided female Wistar rats into five groups. Groups I and II were contused at the L1 level and immediately treated with crocin (50 mg/kg). These groups were sacrificed after 2 hours and 1 week, respectively. The remaining three groups consisted of group III (control group), group IV (treated with crocin and no contusion), and group V (the contused group that underwent no treatment). Groups III-V were sacrificed after one week. The mechanical behavioral test that used Von Frey hairs; the thermal behavioral test that used a hot-plate and the locomotor recovery test with Basso, Beattie and Bresnahn (BBB) scoring were conducted daily to evaluate the extent of injury and recovery of the rats. The calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) was determined in the animals' plasma by the ELISA kit. Results: The results showed a significant increase in plasma CGRP of contused rats that significantly reduced following crocin treatment. The behavioral tests were not changed significantly due to this treatment. Conclusion: The present study shows the beneficial effects of crocin treatment that may occur by decreasing CGRP on chronic pain induced by SCI. This project is continuing using higher dose of crocin for longer time.

---

              Nowadays, due to the ever-increasing trade arrangements in international arena and the impossibility of reviewing all terms and conditions of each contract, traders are left with no choice but to use standard forms, which are inclusive of contractual terms and provisions. It is problematic to use such forms when the parties go on to perform the contract, disregarding the discrepancies existent in the forms. The question arises now is that whether such a contract can be deemed concluded? In case the answer is affirmative, one should see based on whose form’s terms and conditions the contract should be entered into? CISG has no explicit provision with respect to this phenomenon known as “battle of forms”. Scholars are in disagreement as to whether one can infer the answer from the CISG’s provisions. Iranian law is also silent in this connection. Apparently, considering that a non-conforming acceptance is not looked at as a new or a counter-offer and whereas no contract has been concluded, it is negated to decide that the terms of which form prevail. Obviously, in such a situation, the relations of the parties are regulated and analyzed by recourse to the general principles of contracts regarding null and void agreements.