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Abstract Introduction: Measles virus (MV) belongs to the morbilivirus genus of paramyxoviridae family, and has single stranded, negative polarity, non segmented RNA genome. Method: In this research, the total RNA was extracted of measles virus (AIK-C) vaccine strain. The extracted RNA was immediately used in reverse transcription reaction to generate cDNA. The 1st strand cDNA was used to amplify the F gene by specific primers in a reaction PCR. The PCR product with the expected size of 1662 bp was cloned into expression plasmids pET-22b(+) and pET-28a(+). The recombinant plasmids were transformed into competent E.coli DH5α cells and clonies were screened with direct PCR. The recombinant plasmids were extracted by Alkaline lysis and were compared with non- recombinant plasmids in molecular weight. Results: Recombinant plasmids were digested with Nde I and Hind III restriction enzymes. The DNA band with an approximate size of 1662 bp was detected on 1.5% agarose gel. The recombinant plasmid pET-28a(+) was sequenced, comparison of this sequence with the coding sequence F protein of measles virus (AIK-C) in Genbank (AF266286) was revealed high degree of homology and showed that F gene is highly conserved. Conclusion: It was showed that F gene is highly conserved. Thus F gene is important for studing in order to produce recombinant vaccine.

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The effects of salicylic acid (SA) nano-formulation on expression of peroxidase (113-114) genes and peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were investigated in wheat cultivar (Bezostaya) susceptible to Heterodera filipjevi. The wheat roots and leaves were randomly divided into control group and groups exposed to 62.5, 125 and 250μg/ml SA. A spectrophotometric analysis was carried out using root extracts from infected plants at 4, 7 and 11days post inoculation with nematode (DAI) for peroxidase and PAL. The expression of peroxidase (113-114) genes was evaluated by Real time PCR analysis. Peroxidase activity was significantly increased in treatments exposed to 250µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid at 11 DAI. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was induced in the treatments exposed to 250 and 125µg/ml nanosalicylic acid compared to the control at 4 and 7 DAI, respectively. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was also increased in the treatments exposed to 62.5 and 250µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid compared to the control at 7 DAI. The expression level of peroxidase 113-114 in wheat leaves was significantly raised at 4 DAI when 62.5µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid was used. There was also a significant difference between expression levels of peroxidase 113-114 genes at applications of 125 and 250µg/ml of SA in comparison with the control at 4 and 7 DAI, a significant decrease was revealed in the gene expression in treatments exposed to 62.5, 125 and 250µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid compared to the control at 11 DAI. It was concluded that higher concentrations of nanosalicylic acid have a potential effect on peroxidase and PAL activities in wheat infected by H. filipjevi. High concentration of nanosalicylic acid has inhibitory effects on the expression level of peroxidase gene.

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Backgrounds: Bacteriophage therapy could be an alternative strategy for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of isolated bacteriophages against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. 
Materials & Methods: A total of 16 clinical isolates of MRSA were collected from medical diagnostic laboratories in Tehran, Iran. A specific bacteriophage was isolated from hospital sewage using double-layer agar. Phage morphology was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different bacteria were selected to determine the bacteriophage host range using spot test. Phage susceptibility to temperature and pH was evaluated by double-layer agar method.  In vitro assay was carried out on human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cells to investigate the effect of bacteriophage on the adhesion of MRSA to human epithelial cells. 
Findings: TEM suggested the Myoviridae family for the isolated phage. The effective titer of bacteriophages was 1.8×10⁷ PFU/mL. The isolated bacteriophage was stable at 4 ˚C and pH=8. The isolated bacteriophage was specific for all clinical isolates of MRSA and had no lytic activity against other pathogenic bacteria. In evaluating the binding and invasion of MRSA to the HEp-2 cell line, as expected, the lytic activity of specific bacteriophages was observed following inoculation.
Conclusion: The specificity and lytic activity of this phage on MRSA and MRSA-infected HEp-2 cell line emphasized that the isolated bacteriophage may serve as an effective prophylactic and alternative therapeutic agent in hospital settings.

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Generally, planning theories are divided in two sections: first, they study process of planning (procedural planning), second, they study product of planning (substantive planning). This article is studying procedural planning in metro project of TEHRAN metropolis. Namely, steps of decision- making and planning, and their effects have been studied in this project. In this regard, the role of good governance which is included of participation, responsibility, citizenship, transparency, efficiency, rule of law and etc. is studied along with studying the role of people and interaction of government, people and public sector in planning process in this project. The manner of good governance that has been brought up in 1980s is a process that the government, people and public sectors interact with each other. Nowadays this manner is the only way in deliverance of poverty and undeveloped condition in international associations and local management oblige to execute it, because it is the most effective and the most sustainability management way that is following regional development and then national development. Thus, first generalities has been presented in the field of metro short history (time and cause of metro bring up, designers and partners in planning and execution of this project), then an interview has been carried out with metro incumbents and residents of one of metro stations (Imam-E- Khomeini station of Tehran), in basis of people participation proportion in this project and consideration proportion of good governance principles from metro incumbents. Then these information have been analyzed using descriptive- analytical way and Spss software. Finally these information has been added up and some suggestions have been presented. Results of this research show that planning is carried out in top- down planning and not bottom- up planning, because people didn’t have any specific role in this project planning and execution (bureaucratic and top- down planning), and in this article, principles of good governance have not considered. Undoubtly, this condition is cause of undesirable effects. If metro incumbents aren’t attention for citizenship rights, people won't responsible for this project. And this condition will obstacle regional development and national development finally.

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Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of changes in liver enzymes in the plasma of Epinephelus stoliczkae under the exposure of different concentrations of potassium dichromate during 21days in vitro.
Materials & Methods:200 pieces of Epinephelus stoliczkae with average total length 29.6±2.2cm and average total weight389.5±92.4g were caught from the Oman Sea. Three treatments of 3.6, 7.31 and 14.6mg/L chromium(three replications and one control) were selected to sub-lethal toxicity test. The fish were exposed to chromium for 21 days and at 0.5, 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after the start of the experiment to measure the levels of liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), blood was obtained from tail stems of fish. The amount of enzymes was measured using photometric method and values ​​were expressed inU/L.
Results: The highest and lowest levels of liver enzymes in Epinephelus stoliczkae were: aspartate aminotransferase=198.16±6.21-298±10.28, alanine aminotransferase=38±2.56-81±2.19, alkanin phosphatase=118±4.21-177±2.7U/L.Over time, the amount of liver enzymes in different treatments increased compared to the control group and showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).For all three liver enzymes, the highest amount was recorded in the third treatment and 21 day and the lowest in the first treatment and time of 0.5 days.
Conclusion:In this experiment,liver enzymes increased in response to an increase of chromium concentration and duration of exposure, which could be due to damage the liver cells and release of liver enzymes into the plasma.In general, liver enzymes can be used as biomarkers of pollution in natural environments.
 

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- In this paper, an analytical formulation of FGM axisymmetric thick-walled cylinders, based on the plane elasticity theory is presented. The stress and displacements in thick cylindrical shell are calculated using the real, double and complex roots of characteristic equation. Solutions are obtained under generalized plane stress, plane strain and closed-ends cylinder assumptions. It is assumed that the material is isotropic and heterogeneous with constant Poissn's ratio and radially varying elastic modulu. The results have been compared with findings of the researcher (2001) [hoop stress is incorrect], and we have present corrected version as well as supplementary findings. Keywords: Thick-Walled Cylinder, FGM, Plane Elasticity

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Abstract- In this paper, an analytical formulation of FGM axisymmetric thick-walled cylinders, based on the first shear deformation theory (FSDT) is presented. The displacements and maximum stress in thick cylindrical shells are calculated. Solutions are obtained under generalized plane strain assumptions. It is assumed that the material is isotropic and heterogeneous with constant Poissn's ratio and radially varying elastic modulu. The results have been compared with findings of the plane elasticity theory (PET).

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Objective: Bacterial meningitis is a dangerous and sometimes fatal infection that affects the central nervous system. Because some antibiotics can prevent some types of these Bacteria and supress them from spreading and infecting, therefore it is important to know what type of virus or bacterium is causing meningitis. Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitides are the two main pathogens causinig acute bacterial meningitis. Different methods are used for the detection of H. influenzae and N. meningitidis but they are of low sensitivity, taking long time and difficult to perform. Therefore, complementary methods are necessary for more sensitive detection of these agents. Materials and Methods: In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay was developed for detection of H. influenzae and N. meningitidis. These strains were confirmed by biochemical methods. Two specific primer pairs were designed for lic-1 and opa genes of H. influenzae and N. meningitidis respectively. Results: DNA amplification product fragments were 150 bp and 320 bp for H. influenzae and N. meningitidis, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae used as a negative control and did not yield a PCR product. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that PCR is a useful complementary diagnostic technique, especially when Gram stain, culture, or antigenic detection is negative or inconclusive.

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Fault detection of ball bearings by the complex and non-stationary vibration signals with noise is very difficult, especially at the early stages. Also, many failure mechanisms and various adverse operating conditions in ball bearings involve significant nonlinear dynamical properties. The quality of chaotic vibration of ball bearings is studied by the reconstructed phase space. The phase space demonstrates different chaotic vibration of ball bearing for different healthy/faulty conditions. But, to easily use of this procedure in the ball bearing fault detection, the chaotic behavior of vibration signal is quantified by a set of new features. The new set of features based on chaotic behavior, including the largest Lyapunov exponent, approximate entropy and correlation dimension are extracted to acquire more fault characteristic information. The effectiveness of the new features based on chaotic vibrations in the ball bearing fault detection is demonstrated by the experimental data sets. The proposed approach can reliably recognize different fault types and have more accurate results. Also, the performance of the new procedure is robust to the variation of load values and shows good generalization capability for various load values.

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In this paper the dynamic behavior of a rotating system which includes rotor (shaft), ball bearing and disk in stationary condition and different speeds is investigated. There are nonlinear characteristics in these systems which cause the linear modeling is not sufficiently accurate. So, in this paper the nonlinear dynamic equations of the system are derived and solved. To derive the equations of the system, Hamiltonian method is used, and complex coordinate transform is used to reduce the number of equations. After solving the equations, to investigate the vibrational properties of the system, time response diagram, dynamic orbit, frequency response, and mode shape of the rotor is plotted. To validate the analytical results, finite element method by ANSYS (workbench) software is used.There is a good conformity betweenthe analytical results and finite element results in resonance frequencies of the system in the first three modes which indicates the sufficient accuracy in nonlinear modeling. It can be concluded from nonlinear modeling that the decay rate is negative for the all modes which is indicates the stability of the all modes. Also, the maximum vibration amplitude in the bearing and rotor occurs in third and second modes respectively. Unbalance phase difference of 90 degrees in two discs causes the excitation of all three frequency modes, whereas by unbalance phase difference of 0 or 180 degrees in two discs,only the odd modes (first and third) and the even modes (second) is excited respectively.

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In this research, the effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC) in the concentrations of 13, 16 and 19 percent with some of stabilizers including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin and chitosan on the physicochemical properties such as acidity, pH, viscosity, overrun and melting resistance, as well as sensory properties such as taste, texture and overall acceptability in frozen yogurt were investigated. The results of statistical analysis showed that the effect of experimental treatments was significant (P<0.01) on all characteristics evaluated. By increasing the concentrations of WPC, increased the acidity and viscosity of the samples containing all three types of stabilizers, but decreased the pH, overrun and melting resistance percentage of frozen yogurt samples. The samples of frozen yogurt that enriched with carboxymethyl cellulose showed higher viscosity value than samples containing pectin and chitosan, but maximum percentage of overrun and melting resistance was observed in samples containing pectin. In evaluating the sensory characteristics, frozen yogurt containing 13% WPC and pectin had the highest score. According to the results of the physicochemical and sensory properties of frozen yogurt samples, the combination of whey protein concentrate with a concentration of 13% and pectin stabilizer was selected as the superior treatment.
 

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Kilka fish oil is highly susceptible to oxidation due to high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. One of the methods used to protect unsaturated oils from environmental damage is the encapsulation process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of encapsulation process on reduction of Kilka fish oil oxidation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of type and concentration of wall materials on encapsulated fish oil properties. The mixture of xanthan and lepidium sativum (Shahi) seed gum was used in 100: 0, 50:50 and 0: 100 ratios as the continuous phase of emulsion. Concentration of solid material in wall solution was chosen at 30, 40 and 50%. A homogenizer ultraturax was used to prepare nanomulsions and a high pressure homogenizer was used to produce microemulsion. The results showed that the size of the capsules prepared with mixture wall in all concentration, xanthan gum at 40 and 50% concentration and capsules with shahi seed gum at 30% concentration was in the range of nano (below 100 nm). All microcapsules had a size below 10 micrometers. Zeta potential was negative for microcapsules and nanocapsules and the lowest and highest zeta potentials were related to capsule with mixture and shahi seed gum walls respectively. The nanocapsules showed higher efficiency of Kilka fish oil encapsulation than microcapsules. The images of the Scanning Electron Microscope represent a suitable network and uniform wall cover around the capsules, and structural fractures were not observed. The results of this study suggest using of fish oil microcapsules with shahi gum wall at 40% concentration, fish oil nanocapsules with mixture of xanthan and shahi gum wall at 40% concentration, and fish oil nanocapsules with 30% xanthan gum due to good properties for oil storage.
 

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sheep meat has a high potential for degradation due to high protein, fat and moisture. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of kiwi peel extract in two types of common and nano coatings based on basil seed gum, perfoliatum seed gum and their composition in increasing shelf life of sheep meat were investigated. Hydroalcoholic extracts of kiwi peel were obtained using ultrasound assisted technique the total phenolic content and total flavonoid  being 342.0 ± 3.12 mg GA/g E and 6.39 ± 1.02 mg QE /g E respectively. Different concentrations of kiwi peel extract (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm) showed high antioxidant activities due to phenolic and flavonoid compounds in both DPPH free radical scavenging and beta carotene: linoleic acid bleaching assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aerogenes and Escherichia coli were determined that 2000 ppm of extract used in coating. The particle size of the nano-coatings was in the range of 81.53 to 176.15 nm, and the zeta potential of all nano-coatings was negative. Meat samples were kept at 4 ° C for 25 days and peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value and total count of bacteria were performed at 5-day intervals, indicating that the chemical and microbial growth rates in control sample were higher than coated samples. The use of nanotechnology in reducing the size of coating resulted in improved antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. According to the results of this study, the composite nano-coating of basil seed gum: alyssum seed gum containing kiwi extract of 2000 ppm can be used in meat packaging industries.
 

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This study was investigated whit aimed to the effect of unsaponifiable matter (USM) of Tarom rice bran oil on free and nano-encapsulated form in oxidative stability of soybean oil. For this purpose nanoencapsulation of USM by chitosan and Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum (LPSG) as wall material were performed and particle size, encapsulation efficiency and also antioxidant activity before and after nanoencapsulation were measured. The effect of free and nano-encapsulated forms and synthetic antioxidant TBHQ on oxidative stability of soybean oil were evaluated by peroxide value (PV), conjugated dien (CD), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and color index and also release of phenolic and tocopherol compounds were measured. The results of this study showed that the nano-encapsulated sample by LPSG had particle size and encapsulation efficiency higher than that of the nano-encapsulated sample by chitosan, and also the antioxidant activity of USM decreased after nanoencapsulation. In the study of oxidative stability of soybean oil, our results showed that in the early stages of storage, USM of rice bran oil and nano-encapsulated samples increased the oxidation rate of soybean oil, but further free USM has shown better antioxidant activity compared to nano-encapsulated samples, and nano-encapsulated sample by LPSG had better antioxidant activity than the nano-encapsulated sample by chitosan. However, the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ showed higher antioxidant activity and better performance.
 

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The composite conical lattice structure in this paper made of helical ribs and thin outer skin. In this research, free vibrations of these structures with and without outer skin were investigated. A smeared method is employed to obtain the coefficients of stiffness of conical shell. Theoretical formulations are based on sander thin theory of shell. For verification of the analytically obtained results, using ANSYS software the 3D finite element model of composite lattice conical shell is built and analyzed. To verify the accuracy of this method, comparison of the results are made with numerical results from ANSYS Software and show a good agreement between them. Also, some special cases as influences of the semi vertex angle and thickness of the outer skin on the natural frequencies of the conical shell are studied. It is concluded that, the increasing of the semi vertex angle leads to increasing the natural frequencies of conical shell. Moreover for outer shell thicknesses greater than a specific value, the increment of the thickness of the outer skin leads to decreasing the natural frequencies. Because of few researchers investigated merely vibrational behavior of the composite lattice cylindrical shell, the obtained results of this paper have novelty and can be used for further and future researches.

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One of the new methods for extracting natural antioxidants from plant tissues is ultrasound extraction. In this study, the method of extraction of bath ultrasound with ethanol-water solvent (50:50) and (80:20) at a temperature of 30 and 40 ° C and 10 and 20 minutes was used to extract the extract of the leaves of the zoo. Became The total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, DPPH and antioxidant potency in beta-carotene-linoleic acid model of each extract were measured by spectrophotometric method and antioxidant activity of the extracts by oxidative stability index (OSI). Based on the results, The extract (80-40-20) with the highest effective compounds had the highest phenolic compounds (193.3 ± 5.53 mg / g / g / g extract per gram of extract) and flavonoid (40.63 ± 2.36 mg / 40 mg quercetin in Gram of extract) and the highest amount in antioxidant assays (DPPH radical inhibition and beta-carotene-linoleic acid coloration assay) and the lowest I C50 showed the best antioxidant performance. In the Ransted test, treatment (20-2080) with a concentration of 200 ppm showed the highest oxidative stability of canola oil. Therefore, the most suitable treatment was to obtain the best treatment result (80-40 -20) was selected

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The main objective is to improve Hilbert-Huang transform using the advantages of non-linear entropy-based features in the time and frequency domain to reduce noise effects. In addition, applying appropriate entropy-based features lead to restrict information redundancy and overcome the need for dimension reduction, in the fault detection of a rotating system. To modify the Hilbert-Huang method, the effect of added noise on various types of nonlinear entropy-based features is investigated for each intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) which extracted by ensemble empirical mode decomposition algorithm. Considering the approximate entropy (ApEn) sensitivity to noise, an evaluation index is presented for selecting the proper amplitude of the added noise based on the approximate entropy and mutual information coefficient of the different IMFs. Subsequently, taking into account the high capability of permutation entropy (PeEn) and marginal Hilbert spectrum entropy (MHE) in the signal characteristic, a threshold is determined for fault detection based on their values associated to the main IMF which has the highest value of mutual information coefficient. As a result, the permutation entropy values and marginal Hilbert spectrum entropy of the main IMF can be used for detection of any deviation from normal operation of the rotor bearings system, regardless of the fault type. Consequently, to determine the type of defect, the higher-order spectra have been used.The bi-spectrum of envelope is calculated. This bi-spectrum is employed to identify the coupling between the rotating frequency and fault-characteristic frequencies, for misalignment and unbalanced fault diagnosis of a rotating machinery vibration simulation system

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the color and antioxidant activity of anthocyanin extract of pomegranate peel extracted with solvent. In this study, acidified ethanol and also the combination of water with acidified ethanol was used as a solvent. Anthocyanin content was evaluated by differential pH, phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteu method, as well as color stability at temperature, pH, and time, and antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH test. The highest extraction efficiency was related to solvent extraction (ethanol-water) with %76.350±1.445. The results showed that the highest amount of total anthocyanin measured related to solvent extraction (ethanol-water) was 3.146 ±0.035 mg cyanidin-3 glucoside per gram of pomegranate peel powder. The results showed that acidified ethanol as a solvent is more effective than the combination of water and acidified ethanol in extracting phenolic compounds from pomegranate peel powder. The highest amount of total phenol compounds measured was related to the extraction of solvent (ethanol) equal to 589.310±4.246 mg gallic acid in 100 g of extract. Color stability decreased with increasing pH and less stability was observed in solvent anthocyanin extract (ethanol-water). The results showed more color changes in solvent anthocyanin extract (ethanol) than temperature. Solvent anthocyanin extract (ethanol-water) had higher DPPH free radical scavenging power than solvent anthocyanin extract (ethanol).

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Nowadays, the use of natural antioxidants to increase the shelf life of foods has increased. In this study, kiwifruit peel extract was obtained by probe sonication at two intensities of 50 and 80% and ultrasonic bath. The free phenolic of bath ultrasound (265.88 mg/g), and bonded phenol in two intensities 50% (60.36 mg /g) and 80% (63.83 mg/g) had antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging method. Nano-encapsulated phenolic compound was performed using garden cress seed gum. All three nano-encapsulated phenols had nanometer size (146.5-172.3 nm) and negative zeta potential. In order to compare the antioxidant activity of free and bonded phenolic compounds nano-encapsulated phenols at 800 ppm and synthetic antioxidant TBHQ at 100 ppm were added to soybean oil without antioxidant. The samples were stored at 60 ° C for 40 days and tests were performed on the samples for 8 days intervals. The results showed that with increasing storage time, the amount of release and sedimentation of phenolic compounds increased. Oxidation of oil increased with storage time. The lowest and highest oxidation rates were observed in TBHQ and control samples, respectively. The use of bonded phenol at 80% intensity due to no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) with the sample containing synthetic antioxidant can be used as a natural antioxidant to extend the shelf life of the oil.
 

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