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The effects of various levels of the commercial dietary supplement, Hoplite containing glucan, on growth performance, body composition and intestinal microbiota in white fish, Rutilus frisii kutum fry were investigated. 25 white fish fry (mean weight=1 ± 0.15 g) were stocked in each experimental tank (100 L). The fry were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% Hoplite to apparent satiation, 3 times a day for 60 days. Biometry was performed every two weeks. Mean dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and water temperature recorded during the experiment were 5.0±0.1 mg/l, 7.8±0.2 and 24.4±0.11 ºC, respectively. At the end of the trial period, growth parameters, body composition and intestinal microbiota were studied. Results indicate that fry fed 0.5 and 1% glucan exhibited highest weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and final body weight (FBW) which were significantly different (P

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Aims: Based on the thermal adaptation concept, an individual adaptation at physiological, psychological, and behavioral levels can be effective in providing residential thermal comfort, consuming energy, and designing building. The present study was, therefore, aimed to investigate the thermal adaptation in residential apartments of Shiraz, Iran by determining thermal comfort range, priority of thermal behavior, and causes of thermal dissatisfaction of the residents.
Methods: The quantitative research method was performed by using the survey of thermal comfort, behavioral priority, and thermal dissatisfaction factors. The correlation between the variables was then, analyzed. Thermal adaptation was further investigated through analytical and inferential methods.
Results:­While thermal comfort range was found to be higher than the international standards, 45% of the respondent's dissatisfaction was reported to be due to the lack of proper climatic design. Both clothes change and cooling system use as the first, and opening the windows as the second priorities of thermal behavior in hot season. Drawing curtains, closing doors and windows, and clothes change, however, were the respective priorities in winter, which vindicates the priority of using passive approaches in cold season. The effect of season on both behavior and reactive behavior were further investigated.
Conclusion:The higher thermal comfort range and neutral temperature found in comparison to those reported in standards, as well as the study of either reactive or interactive behaviors and seasonal habits of residents vindicated the individuals' thermal adaptation. Using aforementioned items in building design has significant effects on improving thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding Bacillus subtilis (IS02) to the diet on survival, biochemical indices, and histological alternations of juvenile wild common carp, Cyprinus carpio, exposed to salinity stress. Juvenile common carp (about 1.1 g) were fed diets containing 0 (control), 2.5 × 10⁸ (pro-8), and 2.5 × 10⁹ (pro-9) cfu/g probiotic for 15 days and then transferred directly to brackish water (13 g/L) and sampled after 3 and 10 days. Diet and sampling time had no significant effect on fish survival, which was above 96% in all treatments. Body moisture and potassium were only affected by sampling time, with moisture decreasing significantly after salinity stress while potassium increased significantly. Whole body sodium in pro-8 treatment did not change significantly during salinity stress, and probiotic treatments had lower chloride levels than the control before and after salinity stress. Adding probiotic to the diet increased glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase activity, and reduced glutathione concentration, while decreasing malondialdehyde concentration. Probiotics caused white blood cells infiltration in the kidney tissue. No significant tissue damage was observed in the gill and kidney, compared to the control after salinity stress. This study shows that juvenile wild common carp can tolerate direct transfer to the Caspian Sea without dietary probiotic supplementation. However, probiotic stimulates the kidney immunity, enhances ionoregulation, and increase antioxidant capacity in fish, which can have beneficial effects under field conditions.