Showing 23 results for Diba
Volume 1, Issue 3 (Summer 2021)
Abstract
In the philosophy of religion, Divine Agency has been related to how God does his action in the human world and the physical world. Polkinghorne has presented a particular method to answer this question. His theological approach has been a combination of Classical Theology and Process Theology. On the one hand, he has said that the God defined in Classical Theology is too unavailable, and on the other hand, he has criticized the Process approach to God. Polkinghorne has established that Epistemology is equal to Ontology, and based on this fact, he has explained his Critical Realism. In his view, the guaranty of reality is not to understand it but is its objectivity. Uncertain situations in Modern Physics presented in Einsteinian Relativity, Quantum Theory, and Chaos Theory is the main areas Polkinghorne has constructed his specific theory about Divine Agency on them.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (2-1992)
Abstract
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Volume 6, Issue 1 (Winter 2020)
Abstract
Background: The current narrative review aims to describe microbial agents causing pneumonia briefly. In addition, the ongoing review tries to introduce the diagnostic methods from biochemical to molecular tests used routinely and the promising molecular methods which will be used in near future.
Methods: PubMed was searched for all review and original articles related to the lung infection. Studies providing insights into clinical symptoms, microbiology, risk factors, and diagnosis were included.
Rasult & Conclusion: Untreated respiratory infections are one of the most common health care problems worldwide. We tried to provide a collective view of new aspects of bacteriology and diagnosis methodology of lung infection detection.
Volume 7, Issue 13 (Spring & Summer 2020)
Abstract
The role of rhetoric and its specific status in the deep perception of the Quran as well as the correct understanding of its irreplaceable teachings is undeniable. The investigation of secondary meanings in declarative and explanative sentences is one of the essential contexts within the semantics which is considered as a branch of rhetoric. The current study uses a descriptive-analytical method. This paper overview the secondary meanings in imperative verbs of the Quran. It also investigates the techniques used by Tahereh Saffarzadeh concerning the explanation of these meanings in the translation of imperative verses of the Quran. She is one of the contemporary translators of the Quran. In the next step, we will take assistance from the interpretations of the Quran and rhetoric books to achieve an exact secondary meaning of these sentences. We will also compare the translation of the intended translator with four other translations to somehow privilege the error derived from arbitration to some extent. The results indicate that Saffarzadeh has chosen three different techniques to translate the imperative sentences with secondary meanings: (1) The replacement of imperative verb with an analogy equivalent to secondary meaning in the target language; (2) According to the expressive text of the verse concerning the secondary meaning, the perception of secondary meanings is entrusted to the reader; and (3) Failure to use an analogy despite the absence of transparency in the text of the verse concerning the expression of secondary meaning. The investigation of the translating techniques of Saffarzadeh indicates her precision and adherence to the transfer of secondary meanings within the imperative verbs. In the cases where she just translates the words instead of analogy to express the secondary meaning, the transfer of secondary meaning is completely correct and this meaning can be understood by the reader.
Volume 8, Issue 2 (Summer 2018)
Abstract
Introduction A valuable texture is a texture that, in addition to antiquity, has a comprehensive look at unity, historical origin, architecture, and future, as well as its social and economic environment. The Sepahsalar mosque-school (founded in 1296 lunar) is one of these “valuable” monuments that has continued to exist and is now abandoned between modern development and today’s architecture. This building was built and supervised by Mirza Hossein Khan Sepahsalar, and the complex and decorations, which are the masterpieces of the Qajar era architecture and the 13th century of the lunar era, have now been abandoned without regard to the Waqf rules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the promotion of civic life based on the Waqf rules of Sepahsalar (Shahid Motahhari) mosque-school at the range of Baharestan square and to achieve a practical response to save this urban texture based on the ideas presented.
Conclusion A complex like Sepahsalar mosque-school can be a model in contemporary architecture for a traditional and modern look, and successful mosques play an important role in introducing the responsibility of the government in providing the welfare of the people. Foresight in urban management can lead to community education in familiarizing their rights with social partnerships. Mosques and religious centers should be the heart and soul of the spiritual and imaginative cities and neighborhoods, and should along with cultural institutions, be the most magnificent and most prominent symbol of Islamic cities, and at the same time combine greatness with delicacy and simplicity. Without knowledge of Islamic principles, meanings, and resources, designers and planners will not be able to create a “Built Environment” that is completely in line with Islamic principles.
Volume 10, Issue 1 (Spring 2020)
Abstract
Aims: In the Safavid era, due to the government’s approach to the issue of collective life, as well as attention to the issue of national unity and the society unity, certain changes can be observed in the type and manner of social activities. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to investigate the impacts of the Safavid government on the formation of urban spaces. It is considered the process of turning the bridges built during this period, such as the Allahverdi Khan and Khajoo Bridges, into the context of group activities and the role of the government in it.
Instruments & Methods: In this study, with the interpretive historical method, Safavid Travelogue to extract social activities has been studied. Then, by explaining the role of government in such activities, the causes of government agency in holding various social events are examined and the creation of Allah Verdi Khan and Khaju Bridges as a place of collective behavior of the people are then analyzed.
Findings: Since the legitimacy of the Safavid government relies on the national unity, the public territory, as the sphere of communication of society, has become the scene of national and religious events, and the government has been responsible for establishing and forming many social events. Hence, spaces such as Naqsh-e Jahan Square, Chaharbagh Street, as well as Allah Verdi Khan and Khaju Bridges have been formed during this period.
Conclusion: The urban bridges of Safavid era, i.e. Allah Verdi Khan and Khaju Bridges, have become the context of social activities of the people and the king, and instead of the mere function of a passage, they have formed a key collective space in the structure of Isfahan with their special architecture.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (Vol. 10, No. 2 (Tome 50), (Articles in Persian) 2019)
Abstract
The Arab tribes inhabited throughout the Arabian Peninsula and had a sedentary life. Some of them were sedentary tribes while others were nomadic tribes seeking for water and food in the desert. Undoubtedly, the nomadic tribes who lived in the desert had their own way of pronouncing words, which were different from the way of sedentary tribes and had a great effect on the variety of Arabic accents and the characteristics of each one. Some pronunciations were included in the elements of the language of the tribe and in the lexical domain of the Holy Qur'an, and in a region the pronunciation of a word was with a letter which was other than the letter used in another region. In the framework of historical linguistics and in order to determine the role of culture and region in the phonemes of the Arabic language the goal of this study is to scrutinize the phonetic changes of Arabic language in the context of the Holy Qur'an according to Ibdāl which is a phonological process.
Research methodology is descriptive. First, we peruse the Arab motives to pronounce a letter in a different way. Then by assessing the human geography and Arabic language Tajweed, we try to find the origin of the phenomenon of Ibdāl, and thereafter, examine the phonetic system of Arabic language vowels that have same place of pronunciation or common characteristics. Then, we will study the phenomenon with regard to the former and latter letter. By giving examples of Ibdāl, we will understand the role and contribution of the tribes in such processes.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (Fall 2020)
Abstract
Aims: Space is the core of how social and cultural events take place. Also, the relationship between activity and space is more comprehensible in the existing relationships between spaces and the relationships between audiences and social interactions than can be defined individually in the characteristics of space. This study tries to get acquainted with the graph theory and the basics of Space Syntex plugin and by explaining its mathematical relations evaluate the architecture of the Qajar period and the relationship between the companionship of spaces in a sample of Isfahan Qajar houses (Jangjouyan House)
Methods: The research method of the study is a descriptive-analytical, sci-tech anaysis with a case study strategy, for which the definitions of “Grasshopper” and” Space Syntax” are used to quantify it. The present study introduces the value of control in space, which implies the adaptability of space as one of the indicators of flexibility.
Findings: As the most permeable space, the yard has the highest ability to create spatial coherence and the highest level of control over other spaces, and on the other hand, the service spaces have the least amount of flexibility.
Conclusion: The courtyard positioning in the middle layers and its relationship with the intermediate spaces including the corridors, stairs, and partitions create a significant role for it, leading to its flexibility in the spatial configuration, while the location of yards in the primary layers in the contemporary homes has declined in its importance and this role has been transferred to other spaces.
Volume 10, Issue 4 (winter 2021)
Abstract
Aims: This study presents the factors influencing the interpretation or reading of Islamic architecture based on transcendent wisdom. The existence cognition of the human living environment allows humans to discover the universe again as definite integrity of the essence of existence. Since the foundation of transcendent wisdom is the science of existence, it helps to read architecture based on transcendent wisdom to find what makes eternity in architecture.
Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical in a logical argument through a qualitative approach. The research frame was established on the intertextuality pillars such as beliefs, values, geography, and customs.
Finding: The research finding emphasizes the importance of effective factors in interpretation or reading the Islamic architectural based on transcendent wisdom to read Islamic architecture.
Conclusion: The process of this research has concluded that the architectural interpretation using Mulla Sadra's philosophy from the path of recognizing the architect, the fields of understanding and pre-perception of him is taken from the existential level of a human who is substance theory towards meridian in time essence and its relativity and in the instinctual, innate, and voluntary dimensions, influenced by the intertextuality of culture, which is possible in all its pillars (beliefs, values, geography, customs).
Volume 12, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the research is to use and apply the non-deformed model of valuable buildings in Tehran (the 1330s to 1350s) according to the current needs of society and technology in the ideal housing in Tehran for modernization.
Methods: In the present study, the research method used in terms of purpose is applied-developmental and the study method in terms of method and nature is descriptive survey. Then, in the questionnaire without initial structure, qualitative analysis is used to identify the variables and main topics of the research, the results of which lead to the compilation of a structured questionnaire. In the later stages of the research, quantitative methods are used. It is analyzed in the imported statistical software.
Results: The results showed that the non-formal analytical model of a number of nodes, facilities, depth of space, traceability, social space, visibility, flexibility, integrity, control, open spaces, semi-open spaces, closed spaces, complexity, intermediate spaces, Vertical and horizontal communication spaces, different areas of life and access, are patterns that are known as important in modern contemporary and are in line with the needs of today's residents and their lifestyle.
Conclusion: The resulting non-deformed patterns of the plan can be used in the modernization of valuable buildings, which by creating or maintaining them in the building can lead to the correct modernization in line with the preferences of residents and according to today's lifestyle. Knowing these patterns and using them in order to achieve correct and modern contemporization has been very important.
Volume 13, Issue 1 (Number 1 - 2011)
Abstract
The present study explores the chemical constitution and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Artemisia dracunculus L. and the flower heads of Matricaria chamomilla L. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of (Z)-anethole (51.72%), (Z)-β-ocimene (8.32%), methyleugenol (8.06%), limonene (4.94%) and linalool (4.41%) in Artemisia dracunculus and (E)-β-farnesene (24.19%), guaiazulene (10.57%), α-bisabolol oxide A (10.21%), α-farnesene (8.7%) and α-bisabolol (7.27%) in M. chamomilla L.. The antioxidant activity (AOA) of the essential oils was investigated using DPPH• (2, 2′-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. The essential oil EC50 values were determined as 3.19±0.13 and 5.63±0.20 mg ml-1 for A. dracunculus and M. chamomilla, respectively. Further, the A. dracunculus L. essential oil (ADEO) and M. chamomilla L. essential oil (MCEO) were able to reduce the oxidation rate of soybean oil under accelerated conditions at 60 °C (oven test).
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the research is to use and apply the artificial intelligence network and data mining of the non-form pattern in the ten valuable landmark buildings of Tehran (1330s to 1350s) in the direction of modernization.
Methods: In the present study, the research method used in terms of purpose is applied-developmental and the method of study is descriptive-survey in terms of method and nature. In this research, the MLP (Multilayer perceptron) artificial intelligence network and clustering have been used to validate the non-form analysis of residential building plans in the period 1330-1350. The data were randomly divided into three sets, 70% of the data were used for training, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing.
Results: According to the analysis and matching with non-formal analysis, the results show that plans have 15, 14, 13 and 11 components in terms of non-form. which exactly corresponds to the plan's amorphous analytical tables. Therefore, the results of the non-form analysis of the plans have been validated by artificial intelligence.
Conclusion: Modernization of buildings and preservation of historical buildings are important for the majority of people and the results of this research showed that by using modern technology such as creating an artificial intelligence network, it is possible to find the invisible and hidden components in the plans of the mentioned period and use them in today's residential plans. The use of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence in order to cluster and identify the hidden relationships of plans can be very helpful.
Volume 13, Issue 51 (7-2016)
Abstract
In this study the effect of grape fiber and chitosan on Lactobacillus Fermentum viability, physicochemical and sensorial properties in yoghurt containing kiwi was investigated during storage, using response surface methodology (RSM). Amounts of grape fiber, chitosan and storage time were in the range of 0-1.2 %, 0-1 % and 3-21 day, respectively. The results indicated that with increasing the amount of chitosan, Lactobacillus Fermentum viability decreased, but it was increased by increasing grape fiber during storage significantly (P<0.05). Moisture and syneresis of samples reduced significantly by increasing the amounts of chitosan and fiber (P<0.05). According to sensory evaluation, increasing the amounts of chitosan caused decrease in color scores. Flavor scores decreased as grape fiber increased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, using 0.9 % grape fiber, 0.1 % chitosan, and 12 day storage were found as optimum conditions for producing probiotic kiwi fruit yogurt.
Volume 14, Issue 3 (Fall 2024)
Abstract
Aims: As an urban component, architecture has continuously played an effective role in the quality of Urban public spaces and the promotion of civility in them, which has diminished in recent decades due to reasons such as the dominance of the economic dimension of space and the culture of consumerism. This study tries to present a theoretical model to explain the position of architecture in improving the physical qualities of urban public spaces.
Methods: The present study examines the cause-and-effect between architectural elements and the physical qualities of public space in the form of positivist paradigm logic and presents a coherent theoretical plan in this connection using a descriptive-analytical method.
Findings: The physical system of the city is studied in three scales: macro, medium, and micro. The micro-scale is related to how architecture plays a role in the physical quality of public spaces. This role of architecture is realized through five general categories of physical elements, i.e. body, mass and dialectical space inside and outside, size of space, and components of space, which directly affects three general categories of physical qualities of public spaces, i.e. the nature of elements )accessibility and flexibility), relationships between elements (confinement, continuity, mobility) and sequencing (sequence, hierarchy, and contrast).
Conclusion: Architecture and urban public space are two important contemporary urban heritages. The expression of the city's identity depends on establishing a proportional and correct ratio between the physical system of architecture and the quality of social life in the city.
Volume 15, Issue 3 (In Press 2025)
Abstract
Aims: Ekbatan Town in Tehran, recognized as one of the prominent legacies of contemporary Iranian architecture, has consistently attracted attention for its distinctive network of public spaces. This study seeks to offer an interpretive analysis of the semantic system embedded in these public spaces, drawing on the lived experiences and meaning-making practices of its residents.
Methods: This study adopts an ethnographic approach within the interpretive-constructivist paradigm. Field observations and interviews with residents of Ekbatan Phase 1 were conducted to explore their lived experiences, which were subsequently analyzed to interpret the semantic constructs they had developed.
Findings: The semantic system within Ekbatan's public spaces is shaped by meaning-making elements such as language, context, history, and symbols. These elements were analyzed through semantic units, which led to identifying initial and core themes, ultimately culminating in extracting semantic constructs. Key constructs identified include spatial identity distinct from the city, narrative and spatial experiences, urban civility and social activism, as well as the historical characteristics of the space and its architecture in daily life.
Conclusion: The lived experiences of Ekbatan residents underscore the critical role of public spaces in residential complexes in shaping social and cultural semantics. This research illustrates that attention to the semantic systems of public spaces can enhance the quality of life, strengthen urban identity, and promote the long-term well-being of residents in social housing projects across the country.
Volume 18, Issue 3 (Fall 2014)
Abstract
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International Commercial Arbitration is one of many possible procedures for the settlement of disputes in regards to economic transactions. It is based on the consent of parties, and its arbitrator is appointed by the parties. The arbitrator will be powered to settle the dispute, and give a binding decision that will be given execution by the courts. Therefore, it is necessary that we clarify two subjects: first, the dispute should be clear and specific in order that the arbitrator can settle it; and second, if the parties present real and convincing evidence to the arbitrator in order that he is able
to discover facts. In this regard, we are faced with two questions: 1) If the claims and defences of parties are vague and indefinite, how the arbitrator will determine them? and 2) If the discovery of fact needs evidence that is in the possession of the party or a third party but they refuse to provide to it the arbitrator, how the arbitrator can take it? In addition, the principle of broad powers of the arbitrator in the international commercial arbitration has been accepted; however, it is unclear. According to the principles and rules of national and transnational civil procedures, this article seeks to explain the role of international arbitrator in solving the above problems. We will say that the arbitrator can determine the dispute to settle by relying on his broad powers, and that he can discover and take requested evidence to proof the dispute, but he may face with restrictions causing to limit his initiatives.
Shahab Yousefizadeh Dibazar, Gholamreza Salehi, Seyed Mohammad Hesein Sharifi, Majid Eshagh Nimvari,
Volume 18, Issue 8 (12-2018)
Abstract
The waste heat management in heavy industry significantly increase productivity in this sector. Organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) are appropriate technology for the conversion of low quality thermal energy to electrical power. The Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC) applies the principle of the steam Rankine cycle, but uses organic working fluids with low boiling points can be used to recover heat from lower temperature heat sources. In this study the performances of three different organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) systems including the basic ORC (BORC) system, the single-stage regenerative ORC (SRORC) system and the double-stage regenerative ORC (DRORC) system using five different working fluids under the same waste heat condition are optimized by thermo-economic method using genetic algorithm. The results indicate that the R113 has the best performance between fluids. The optimized turbine inlet temperature and pressure in comparison with when exergy efficiency uses only, decreases. By changing basic Rankine cycle to the single-stage regenerative and the double-stage regenerative cycles, 12.5% and 18.75% change in specific power cost occurs respectively. Also results indicate that, as superheat degree in turbine inlet increases, the specific power cost increase and the exergy efficiency of system decreases.
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
The aim of this research is exploring and analyzing the informational interactions among the actors of Iran’s nanotechnology domain by the quantitative exploring of their relations using Network Analysis approach. Recognition and delineation of the informational networks resulted in identification of powerful and influential actors and the weaknesses and strengths of status and relations among the actors. The results can be used by policy analysts and policy-makers as policy tools. The results in the individual level of actors revealed that Iran’s Nanotechnology Initiative Council with the highest amount of centrality is the most powerful actor of network. In the current conditions which Iran’s nanotechnology has not been entered to commercialization phase sufficiently, established institutions by the government to develop this technology have the highest amount of centrality in network. Also Nano Products Production Companies Group and Policy-Maker Institutions Group are the most powerful groups in the information network, respectively. On the other hand, Policy-maker institutions have the least informational interactions with media, non-governmental associations, and promotional institutions.
F. Asnaashari, S.h. Dibajian , M. Mahmoudi ,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (May 2020)
Abstract
The amount of entropy generation during the fatigue loading is treated as an indicator of the damage accumulation in the material. Using the thermography technique and recognizing the temperature field distribution at a specimen surface under cyclic loading and calculating the dissipated energy and also considering the possibility of the specimen heat transfer with the environment, the net entropy production rate of the system can be computed. This research has been conducted to feasibility study and applicability of the methodology through numerical modeling and analysis. In this thesis, using the finite element numerical method and in the framework of Abaqus software, simulations of fully reversed bending are carried out on the standard specimens of aluminum (Al6061-T6) whose experimental test results are available in the literature. Based on results of the mechanical and thermal analysis, calculating the entropy production rate, fatigue fracture entropy, damage variable and remaining life assessment based on this variable are performed. The results obtained from the numerical simulation are compared and validated with the results of experimental tests. Also, a numerical analysis is carried out to estimate the temperature enhancement and fatigue self-heating phenomenon due to the cyclic loading based on the strain-life curve characteristics and dissipated energy on the axial specimen made of (AISI 4340). The results obtained from the research indicate that the infrared thermography technique as a non-destructive evaluation method in the low cycle fatigue range, is a suitable tool for the temperature field evaluation and subsequently, the accumulated damage estimation in material.
Volume 21, Issue 3 (Fall 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Melanoma is one of the most dangerous forms of skin cancer, which is unresponsive to the current chemotherapy drugs. As a natural product purified from spirulina, phycocyanin can inhibit the angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-angiogenesis effect of C-phycocyanin of spirulina platensis on B16-F10 melanoma tumors in C57BL/6 mouse.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 C57BL/6 mice with the age range of 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups, including control and phycocyanin groups. On the day 0 of the study, melanoma cells were injected and all the mice were treated for 20 days. Phycocyanin group received 40mg/kg phycocyanin every day. The tumors were extracted on the day 21 and the effect of phycocyanin on the angiogenesis and proliferation of cancer cells was investigated, using immunohistochemical staining with CD31 and Ki-67, respectively. The data were analyzed, using JMP 11 software by one way ANOVA test.
Findings: In the phycocyanin group, angiogenesis was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.01), while the mitotic index was not significantly lower than that of the control group in the mice treated with phycocyanin.
Conclusion: Phycocyanin has ability to inhibit angiogenesis in the B16-F10 melanoma tumors in C57BL/6 mouse, but it is not able to reduce the proliferation of melanoma cells.
