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Volume 0, Issue 0 (In press 2023)
Abstract

Urban growth boundaries are considered one of the key tools for controlling and managing the physical development of metropolitan areas. Uncontrolled and unplanned expansion in these regions has become a major challenge for urban and regional planners and managers, as this process leads to the destruction of agricultural lands and natural resources. The aim of this research is to simulate and assess future changes in growth boundaries in the Isfahan metropolitan area with the goal of preserving environmental resources and controlling physical expansion. In this regard, by adopting a positivist approach that follows an analytical and measurement-driven process, satellite imagery was utilized to assess changes in the physical expansion of the Isfahan metropolitan area. Artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms were employed to predict the extent of future physical growth, and the projected growth boundaries were delineated. The research findings indicate that the Isfahan metropolitan area has experienced significant uncontrolled expansion, particularly in terms of physical development, over recent decades, and the reduction of agricultural and natural lands has become one of its major challenges. Based on the conducted simulations, the proposed growth boundaries can serve as an effective tool for managing and planning urban-regional development and preventing further degradation of natural resources and lands.

 

Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2023)
Abstract

Bahaar-e-Daanesh is one of the folk and ancient Indian legends in Persian language with the theme of love,written by Inaayatullaah Kanabweh Laahoori(died 1088 AH)who authored it in the year(1061 AH)under the name of Shah Jahaan Gurkaani. This book is part of fiction literature, that is,the intersection of folk and literary stories and in the Indian storytelling style, a story within a story. Its main and long story is fictional and its theme is the love of "Bahre-Varbaanu and Jahaandaarshaah" and the theme of the main story and its main sub-stories are stories about women's tricks. In the spring of knowledge, themes such as shape-shifting, spells, magic, incarnation in a shape-shifting state, awareness of the science of dismembering the body,and the transfer of the soul from one body to another can be seen throughout the stories. In addition, the presence and conquest of Divan and ghouls,talking with magical animals, using the magic in the elements of nature,etc. are present in all the stories. In this article, the functions of magic and its helpers,objects and tools of magic and the ways of using them, magical trips and places and surreal beings,ways to achieve magic factors and nullifiers. Magic and talismans in the stories of Bahaar-e-Daanesh have been examined and analyzed to emphasize the importance of studying,knowing and preserving the cultural and social background of folk tales,which is the most important platform for the presence and manifestation of mythological and ancient themes among the masses. It is the people - to be emphasized.

Volume 0, Issue 0 (in press 2024)
Abstract

Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures poses significant challenges to infrastructure durability, necessitating accurate modeling for effective mitigation strategies due to the complex nature of moisture susceptibility. Current tests, such as those utilizing general indicators like the indirect tensile strength ratio, examine moisture susceptibility in asphalt mixtures. However, these tests incur substantial costs and require considerable time. Therefore, this study aims to develop moisture susceptibility prediction models using Multi-Gene Genetic Programming (MGGP). The research utilized four types of aggregates (two limestone and two granite types) and eight different Performance Grade (PG) bitumen types. The modified Lottman test method (AASHTO T283) was employed for moisture susceptibility assessment, with samples subjected to specific conditioning protocols including vacuum saturation (13-67 kPa absolute pressure), freeze-thaw cycles (-18°C for 16 hours), and hot water conditioning (60°C for 24 hours). Indirect tensile strength tests were conducted under controlled loading conditions (2 Hz frequency, 0.1s loading time, 0.4s rest period) at 25°C. The dataset comprised 34 samples and 11 variables to predict two key indicators: Inflection Stripping Point (ISP) and Stripping Slope (SS). The MGGP model demonstrated remarkable performance in predicting both ISP and SS, achieving R2 values of 0.981 and 0.974 for the test data, respectively. Several crucial parameters were analyzed, including the apparent film thickness (AFT) calculated using aggregate specific surface area, permeability measured through falling head test method (ASTM PS 129-01), and surface free energy components. The surface energy analysis incorporated both cohesive free energy (CFE) and adhesive free energy (AFE), with special attention to the acid-base theory components: Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW), Lewis acid (Γ+), and Lewis base (Γ-) components. For ISP prediction, the MGGP model identified key variables including the ratio of base to acid surface free energy (SFE), asphalt-water adhesion (ΓAsphalt-Water), cohesive free energy (CFE), adhesive free energy (AFE), permeability of asphalt mixture (PAM), asphalt film thickness (AFT), and degree of saturation (DS). The model for SS prediction emphasized the importance of ΓAsphalt-Water, aggregate-water adhesion (ΓAggregate-Water), wettability, specific surface area (SSA), PAM, and DS. The study employed various performance metrics to evaluate the MGGP models. For ISP predictions, the model achieved RMSE, MSE, and MAE values of 5.228, 27.337, and 3.843, respectively. For SS predictions, these values were 0.294, 0.086, and 0.231, respectively, indicating high accuracy and low error rates. These results surpass those of previous studies employing traditional Genetic Programming (GP) methods, highlighting the potential of MGGP as a powerful tool in modeling asphalt moisture susceptibility. The practical implications of this research are significant for improving asphalt mixture durability, reducing maintenance costs, and enhancing road safety. Future research could focus on validating the models across a broader range of asphalt mixtures and environmental conditions.
 

Volume 1, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract

The life table parameters of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on four commercial cultivars of wheat (Kohdasht, Pastor, Tajan and Zagros) were determined in laboratory conditions. Fertility life table were constructed using age-specific survivorship (lx) and age-specific fecundity (mx) and subsequently analyzed using jackknife method and ANOVA. There were significant differences among pre-imaginal period and adult longevity of the aphid on the four wheat cultivars. The highest mortality occurred at first nymphal instar on all of wheat cultivars tested. The life expectancy (ex) of one-day-old adults was estimated to be 23.5, 24.6, 30.36 and 26.83 days on Kohdasht, Pastor, Tajan and Zagros, respectively. The gross reproductive rate was significantly higher on Tajan (102.39 ± 1.42 females/female/generation) compared with other three cultivars. The net reproductive rate (R­0) significantly differed on different wheat cultivars examined. The R0-value was highest on Tajan (82.21 ± 1.21) and lowest on Zagros (38.23 ± 0.63 females/female/generation). The highest and lowest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were 0.276 ± 0.002 (on Pastor) and 0.222 ± 0.001 day-1 (on Zagros), respectively. The finite rate of increase (l) differed significantly among four wheat cultivars, ranging from 1.25 ± 0.00 (on Zagros) to 1.32 ± 0.00 days-1 (on Pastor). Doubling time ranged from 2.51 ± 0.02 (on Pastor) to 3.12 ± 0.02 days (on Zagros). The longest mean generation time (T) of the aphid was obtained on Tajan cultivar. The results showed that the Zagros cultivar had the highest antibiotic effect on population growth of S. graminum.  

Volume 1, Issue 3 (9-2012)
Abstract

Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as an ectoparasitoid of larval stage of lepidopterous pests is widely used in biological control programs. In the present research, the effect of field recommended doses of imidacloprid, indoxacarb and deltamethrin were studied on life table parameters of H. hebetor in pupal stage treatment. One hundred, two-day-old pupae were treated with 1 micro liter insecticide solution using topical method. The pupae were treated with acetone in the control. Thirty emerged adults in each treatment were transferred individually to a Petri dish along with a male for mating. Three last instar larvae of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were presented to each female wasp daily as host. The numbers of eggs produced per female per day were counted until all of the females were dead. The gross and net reproductive rates in control, imidacloprid, indoxacarb and deltamethrin were 204.6, 207.7, 209.1 and 112.1 and also 75, 41.3, 64.6 and 14.9, respectively. Intrinsic rates of increase were estimated to be 0.215, 0.154, 0.205 and 0.14 female offspring/female/day, respectively. Deltamethrin and imidacloprid had the most adverse effects on life table parameters of H. hebetor. Intrinsic rate of increase was not significantly affected by indoxacarb. These findings indicated that indoxacarb was relatively safe for H. hebetor and could be an appropriate candidate in integrated chemical and biological control.

Volume 1, Issue 3 (Fall 2020)
Abstract

Autoethnography is an emerging approach in ethnography which falls under the qualitative methodology and interpretive paradigm. Although this approach has been used in various fields of study in recent years and is expanding to other disciplines, it has been very limited in urban studies. Today's cities are diverse subcultures mosaic of which researchers in this field can use to understand the deep layers through their lived experience. This study mainly aims to describe the major features of this approach and subsequently to link it with the field of urban studies to culturally understand the urban contexts. Accordingly, to understand the philosophical, epistemological and methodological principles of auto ethnography library research and documentary analysis has been used and for the application of auto ethnography in urban studies a field study has been conducted and urban auto ethnography is then explained at the intersection of four main turn ("cultural" turn, "narrative" turn, "spatial" turn and "auto" turn). Cultural diversity in Iranian cities and the need for a deep and indigenous understanding of its inherent characteristics among actors who experience it directly adds further importance to the application of urban autoethnography in research in this area.


Volume 1, Issue 4 (winter 2008)
Abstract

Assistant Professor Of  Persian Language and Literature Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz rn rn rn   rn rn rn According to the  intertextul approach there is no text that is self-sufficient; rather,in this approach, it is supposed that every text is an intertext from previous texts and for following texts. In this essay, first different aspects of text and intertextuality are explained and then, a tale from Marzbanname is analyzed according to this approach. At the end,it has been shown that as Barthes, Bakhtin, Keristova, Genette, Todorov and other adherents of Intertextulity approach have emphasized, there is no authentic and original text; therefore, the mentioned tale from  Marzbanname , like other texts, is a retelling of previous texts.

Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract

The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an important pest of potato and other solanaceous plants. It is cosmopolite and oligophage that exists in most countries where potatoes are grown. Because of chemical treatment adverse effects, there is a necessity to find safe alternatives to synthetic insecticides. So, medicinal plants are promising since they are safe, inexpensive and effective. In this direction, potato tubers were dipped in 1 ml of 5% methanolic extracts of fumitory, licorice, lavender and oregano. The percentage of first larval penetration to tubers and oviposition-preference of mentioned medicinal plants was investigated on PTM. Subsequently, fumigant toxicity of essential oils of basil, european pennyroyal, lavender, mint and savory were investigated on P. operculella. Treated potato tubers by methanolic extract of lavender elicited the lowest percentage (19.3) of first larval penetration. Studying of oviposition-preference demonstrated that the largest number of eggs were laid on control and fumitory with 28 and 10 eggs after three days, respectively. Probit analysis of essential oils showed that the most effective oil was savory which exhibited LC50 value on adults of PTM equivalent to 0.048 µL/L air.  

Volume 2, Issue 2 (Summer 2014)
Abstract

Part of what we know as the heritage of Iran and India has originated from the Indo-Iranian culture, and this heritage belongs to the East and the common life of Indo –Iranians in the past. We can consider the similarities between Arash-e Kamangir in Iranian mythology and Vishnu in Indian mythology as an original example in this case. In this research, we try to show the characters of Arash-e Kamangir, in the ancient, middle and Islamic periods, according to the comparative method in the French School and the method of content analysis. The results of the research show that Arash and Vishnu are two myths that have a common origin, and consequently, they have vast and widespread common aspects; and in making of mythological character, the subject of the attack between Good and Evil has a special place in the two cultures. Being warrior god of rain in creating the myths like Arash and Vishnu; being bodily and their connection with natural elements and heavenly realms are the other results obtained in this study.    

Volume 2, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract

Separate or combined effects of inulin and mannan oligosaccharide supplements on the growth, survival, body composition and salinity resistance of kutum roach (Rutilus frisii kutum) fry (410 ± 19 mg)  were investigated for 45 days in 40-liter tanks containing 30 individuals. Fish were fed 7 to 12% body weight with a commercial diet (35% protein and 12% lipid) supplemented with 0 (control), 5 g kg-1 inulin, 5 g kg-1 MOS and 2.5 g kg-1 inulin + 2.5 g kg-1 MOS in a totally randomized design trial in triplicate.  A general enhanced growth performance and feed efficiency were observed in fish fed on diet containing 5 g kg-1 MOS (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in survival rate among treatments (p>0.05). NO significant difference was observed in body composition, but protein and lipid contents in the whole body increased in fish fed with 5 g kg-1 MOS and control group. In general, the fish fed 5 g kg-1 MOS had the highest survival index after 48 hours exposed to salinity stress (15 ppt). Results showed 5 g kg-1 MOS could improve growth performance, survival and salinity stress resistance of kutum fry.

Volume 2, Issue 3 (7-2016)
Abstract

Background: Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S. typhi) the cause of the acute febrile disease typhoid fever is the major public health problem in developing countries. Asymptomatic carriers are the main sources of typhoid. The aim of this study was to investigate methods for isolation and identification of S. typhi in asymptomatic carriers.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred stool samples were collected from foodstuff workers and distributors. Then culture characterization, biochemical tests, and nested-PCR were done.
Results: One hundred and seventy-one (85%) of the total cases were male and the mean age of cases was 35 years. Stool culture yielded bacterial colonies consistent with fecal flora but did not yield S. typhi. In nested PCR technique just one of the 200 samples (0.5%) was positive for the S. typhi capsular gene (vi gene).
Conclusion: Due to the improvement in the health status of the country and the low typhoid carriers, it is recommended that efforts be focused on other hygienic issues.

Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2013)
Abstract

The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is one of the important pests of potato in tropical regions. In this research, the toxicity of two insecticides, abamectin and deltamethrin on P. operculella was studied at 26 ± 1 C°, 65 ± 5% RH and photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D). The concentrations were determined by preliminary dose setting experiments. Distilled water was used as control. LC50 values for egg, first instar larvae and adult stages in abamectin were 0.92, 0.014 and 0.46 mg ai/l and in deltamethrin were 0.09, 0.024 and 0.29 mg ai/l, respectively. The sublethal effects of abamectin and deltamethrin on population growth parameters of P. operculella were determined at mentioned conditions. Four hundred 1 day old eggs of the pest were dipped in insecticides solutions (LC30). After egg hatching, the first instar larvae were transferred on potato tubers and placed in transparent plastic dishes. After adults' emergence, 20 females were used for each treatment in life table experiments. In control, abamectin and deltamethrin treatments intrinsic rates of increase were estimated to be 0.060, 0.042 and 0.141 day-1, respectively. Statistical analyses showed that deltamethrin had the higher toxicity to egg and adult stages of PTM and abamectin had the higher toxicity to its first instar larvae. Since deltamethrin increased the stable population parameters of P. operculella specially its intrinsic rate of increase, thus it might not be recommended for control of PTM. However based on lethal and sublethal effects, abamectin could be suitable for management of this pest.

Volume 3, Issue 1 (No.1 (Tome 5)- 2015)
Abstract

Literature of different nations have always influenced each other mutually from the ancient time until now, and fewer people can be found that have remained unaffected of these influences. For example, we can consider two ancient countries, Iran and Greece that their relations and cultural exchanges have reflected at their literature in various forms. Research demonstrating the influence of the poets and their works on each other can be very useful to understanding the ambiguities of their works. In this paper, by analysis of Nezami's works,  it was made clear that Nezami, through the translation of Greek works into Arabic or Persian, was familiar with Greek mythology, and directly or indirectly has inspired many of his stories from Greek mythology, as some stories such as "Alexander and the Barber", "Jamshid and His Confidant Friend", "Alexander and  Noushabeh", "Senseless City", "Pastor and the Ring" and "Fetneh" have been adapted from  the Greek mythologies such as "Mydas King" "Amazons" "Maylo", and "Gyges or Zhyres".        

Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract

  Prediction of climatic variables on a local scale by General Circulation Models of the atmosphere is impossible because the models have large-scale network of resolution. Therefore, downscaling methods are used to solve this problem. Since the climate change phenomenon can affect different systems such as, water resources, agriculture, environment, industry and economy as well, Selection of the most suitable downscaling method is very important. This study aims to evaluate performance of Change-Factor (CF) and LARS-WG downscaling methods in prediction of future climate variability of the Azam River Watershed, located in Yazd Province, Iran, for the period of 2010-2039. For this purpose, the CGCM3-AR4 model under the A2 emission scenario and also two methods of downscaling including statistical (LARS-WG) and proportional (CF) approaches were applied. The results showed increasing of temperature by both downscaling methods in the Azam River watershed in the future. Average temperature difference obtained from the two methods is about 3 to 4 percent. On the other hand, based on the climate condition, the amount of rainfall varied in the whole watershed, in a way that the future maximum precipitation difference calculated by two downscaling methods is about 30 percent.

Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract

  Parameter estimation of the nonlinear Muskingum model is a highly nonlinear optimization problem. Although various techniques have been applied to optimize the coefficients of the nonlinear Muskingum flood routing models, but an efficient method for this purpose in the calibration process is still lacking. The accuracy of artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is investigated in this paper to optimize the coefficients of nonlinear Muskingum model. The performance of this algorithm was compared with other optimization techniques. For evaluating the ability of the ABC algorithm, several statistical criteria such as sum of the square error, sum of the absolute error, mean absolute error and mean relative error were used in the present study. ABC is an intelligent algorithm, which can effectively overcome the prematurity and slowed convergence speed of the traditional evolution algorithms. It determines the best parameter values in terms of the sum of square residual between the observed and routed outflows. The simulation results show that the performance of ABC algorithm with the sum of the square of the deviations between the computed and observed outflows (SSQ) of 35.62 m3 s-1, the sum of the absolute value of the deviations between the computed and observed outflows coefficients (SAD) of 23.2 m3 s-1, the mean absolute errors between the routed and observed outflows (MAE) of 1.05 m3 s-1 and the mean relative errors between the routed and observed outflows (MRE) of 2.9% is comparable to those of other algorithms. Thus ABC provided an efficient way for parameter optimization of the nonlinear Muskingum model.

Volume 3, Issue 2 (5-2017)
Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in humans. HPV is associated with gynecologic malignancy and cervical cancer among women worldwide. In the current study we sought to determine the prevalence rate of HPV in Iranian women identified with cervical infections.
Materials and Methods:  Prevalence rate of HPV in Iran was investigated from 2000-2016 using several databases including Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database. Statistical analysis was performed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (V2.2, Biostat) software. Random effects models were used by taking into account the possibility of the heterogeneity between the studies, which was tested through the Cochran’s Q-statistic.
Results: The meta-analyses showed that the prevalence rate of HPV infections was 38.6 % (95% CI, 27.9-50.5) among Iranian women with cervical infections. The further stratified analyses indicated that the prevalence rate of HPV was higher in the studies conducted during the 2000-2008 years.
Conclusion: The results of the present study underscore the need for further enforcement of STD control strategies in Iran. Establishing advanced diagnostic facilities for HPV, vaccination of high risk groups, and continuous monitoring of HPV are recommended for HPV prevention and control.

Volume 3, Issue 2 (summer 2022)
Abstract

Objectives: In recent years, the study of the concepts of resilience in different urban areas at different scales has attracted special attention, although the level and number of these studies are very small. Especially in the city of Tehran, which has entered the modern period from traditionl period ,the issue can be considered.
Methods: in the current research , first through library studies in the filed, items related to physical , environmental and social resilience in residential complexes were extracted.then, in these complexes, there are many modes of this type of resilience , which can be achieved by studying and classifying them to the degree of desirability of these complexes. the case study ,studied in this research is kOI No bonyad residential complex, because it is very popular despite the fact that it was built a long time ago .this research is done with interpretive method and in the form of qualitative and quantitative analysis. questionnaire, which was distributed among the residents of this complex to measure the level of physical -environmental and social resilience.
finding: from the findings of this research , it can be seen tha ASP foundation complex(ASP towers)has high level of resilience despite its high construction year.
conclusion: with the investigation done, the patterns used in the complex, which caused its durability , popularity and high resilience , can be used in the design of modern residential complexes so that we can have lasting buildings.

Volume 3, Issue 3 ((Articles in Persian) 2012)
Abstract

With the advent of linguistic researches in the early seventies on the conditions of the women in language, an overwhelming turn came into the sociolinguistics. The most important rationale behind this attitude was the surge in Feminist movements in the modern times. Women authors strongly believe that masculine/male literature reinforces traditional sexual clichés and that in their works, portrays women as dependent and victim. They contend that the image depicted by men in their works of women is more frequently than not unrealistic. In other words, women/females in most of the literary works are considered as “others” to men/males and, henceforth, in male-dominated literature, the women question and the women experience are not dealt with. Quite on the contrary, the role assumed for women is what men ascribe to them and deem more suitable. This led to women arguing that, since they are endowed with special biological features and feminine experiences like sympathizing, cooperation, sensitivity and special power to observe, they are more likely to convey a special aspect of femininity to the reader, which is absent from male/masculine writing/écritude. Female writers in Iran could establish their place in writing fictional works and, hence, be widely received by the audience. This paper, via applying the Theory of Language and Social Semiotics, tries to delve into two novels: ‘Sovashon-by Simin Daneshvar-and ‘Adat mikonim'-by Zoya Pirzad. The methodology is descriptive-analytic. This paper substantiates the claim that women in different strata (syntactic, semantic and cognitive) of these two novels struggle to represent their identity in various ways.  

Volume 3, Issue 3 (Summer 2018)
Abstract

Aims: Despite the high incidence of wrong ways to wear a backpack in students, the relevant musculoskeletal complications, and the effective role of health education in modification of this behavior, there is no standard questionnaire in this regard in Iran. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric evaluation of a questionnaire on backpack carrying among female high school students.
Instruments & Methods: The questionnaire on how female high school students carry their backpack in Babolsar, Mazandaran province included 31 items for knowledge (12 items), attitude (10 items), and behavior (9 items) derived from evidenced literature. This questionnaire was evaluated in terms of content and face validity and reliability through internal consistency and stability in 2018. The qualitative and quantitative content validity was evaluated by the panel of experts through Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Qualitative and quantitative face validity was assessed by the students’ views and measuring impact score, respectively. Internal consistency and stability were measured by Cronbach’s alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.
Findings: The results of CVI (0.9-1), CVR (0.8-1), and impact score (2.5-3) were acceptable for the whole scale. Qualitative content and face validity was favorable. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were appropriate for the whole scale (0.77) and of knowledge (0.68), attitude (0.8), and behavior (0.77). The interclass correlation coefficient for the whole questionnaire (0.68) and the domains of knowledge (0.61), attitude (0.71), and behavior (0.72) indicated that the questionnaire was acceptable.
Conclusion: The study showed the validity and reliability of the health questionnaire on carrying backpack among female high school students. However, more researches should be done to verify this questionnaire for measuring knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding backpack carrying.


Volume 3, Issue 3 (fall 2022)
Abstract

Background: Entrance spaces are one of the most important parts of buildings, public utility complexes and cities, which in addition to the function of traffic, control and supervision, show the identity of that complex. In the past, most of the cities and public buildings in the entrances included entrances with distinctive and visual and cultural identities derived from the native background. Nowadays, some public complexes, such as universities, have a design entrance, and many buildings and complexes lack quality without an entrance or entrance portal.
Failure to pay attention to the necessity of designing and constructing the entrance gate and its qualitative requirements in the development of public utilities is a problem of this research.
Objectives: Therefore, the present article aims to explain the position of the entrance gate in the identity of public buildings and the do's and don'ts of designing them and examining the relevant criteria in the desirability of Tabriz University gates.
Method: This article has been done with descriptive and analytical research method and field survey with interpretive strategy and logical reasoning and interdisciplinary studies and with library and documentary study methods.
Result: The results indicate that the entrance space is the main and inseparable element of the building, especially public complexes, and the larger the scale and generality of the user, the more prominent, appropriate and distinctive the entrance needs. In designing the entrances, it is better to use the background ideas of the circuit related to the culture and function and the relevant native environment. In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to the qualities of efficiency, responsiveness, readability, socialization and event management, memory and symbolic and symbolic aspect. The results of the field study indicate that in general, in terms of experts, safety and security criteria, identification, strong signs and symbols, and ease of access have a high coefficient of importance in the desirability of ports. The head of technology and information was ranked at the top and the main head of the head was ranked at the bottom, which indicates that the head of technology is relatively high.

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