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Measuring government is among the major challenges faced by public policy makers in any country. The origin of measuring the government performance is the managerial paradigm of political system. Public policies are reflections of government management. For measuring policy outcomes, a measurement system must be designed. The public value model can be used for measuring policy outcomes. In this paper, a model for is proposed measuring public policy performance based public value model.

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Structural transformations are not new phenomena in Iranian National Administration but in recent decade, the transformations in government ministries have increased. The important question of the scholars and practitioners of administration in government is: what are the reasons of these transformations? Regardless of methodology of theses transformations, the author focuses on theoretical analysis of these reorganizations. Purposive, environmental, public policy making and intuitional approaches are selected approaches for this analysis.   Keywords: Government Structural Transformations, Designing New Ministries, Theoretical Analysis, Government Administration, Theoretical Frameworks.

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Studying language, text and discourse in micro, native and local domains is one of the emphasized streams of research in the newest paradigm of strategy research, namely, “strategy as practice”. This critical study seeks to derive the “what” and “why” of the pattern of Iranian sport mangers decisions from the text of Iranian sport management using qualitative research and drawing on social constructivism philosophy. Accordingly, this study uses grounded analysis and induction-based coding approach through Atlas.ti – specific explorative analysis software. The conclusions are emerged from 12 semi-structured field interviews and 19 secondary documents. The samples result from a combination of purposeful, snowball, convenience, and theoretical sampling methods. Finally, it is discovered that the causal conditions of “economic uncertainty, managerial uncertainty, uncertainty of orientations ambiguity and uncertainty of politicized management” along with the intervening conditions of “past success, background, anxiety-relieving, power structure, and media role” shape the phenomenon of “certainty-demanding discourse” in the context of “stakeholders myopia and lack of independence”. These factors altogether construct the “legitimating strategy” and decisional consequences of tendency to “science, coalition, ethic, promotion, and adaptation”.  

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This paper is based on an interpretive ethnography conducted in a public organization ("Edareh"). This paper attempts to achieve some part of the ethnography’s goal to describe how "ideal worker" is socially constructed by the different organization’s stakeholders (managers and employees), so as to stay and to be “advantaged". This goes through the light of analyzing the two key events, that is to say "management changes" and "layoff". At first, drawing on Schneider and Ingram framework, the characteristics of “ideal worker” construct from new managers’ view, their sense making of the employees with this framework and trying to move into the full realization of the construct is expressed. Then, based on social construction efforts on the part of employees, their struggles to stay, to not being fired, and even to get promoted - intended to changing and modifying the new manager’s “ideal worker” construct - is described in the form of a manifesto for staying in “Edareh”.        

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Psychological safety is a critical base for individual, organizational and national performance, since managers who feel psychologically unsafe, do not have essential motives for productivity and excellence. It is reality of organizations that there are stage of jealousy, spitefulness, enmity, power games of peoples and groups. In these situations, it is important to bring about psychological safety for people in organization. Psychological safety means to feel safety in mind, emotion and behavior from side of other peoples and present personal opinions and do the jobs, without any anxiety and fear in organization. Many studies emphasis on effects of individual psychological safety based on personal, organizational and national variables, but there is not a quantitative and experimental research on formation of psychological safety in managers, especially among Iranian governmental industries. This research has taken Glaser's approach in GT to theorize process of forming psychological safety in Iranian governmental industries. Results of this research show that organizational factors, superior's leadership style, relationships between peers and subordinates and their competencies, eco-social climate of society, organizational atmosphere and psychological capital of everyone affect individual psychological safety. It can enforces job engagement, job satisfaction in managers and reduces stress and anxiety and willingness to expatriation in them.
 

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In this article, it has been tried to choose suitable production technology for a specific product with the use of Multiple Attribute Decision Making and TOPSIS Decision Making model. ELECTRE Decision Making Model has been used to evaluate and confirm the accuracy of its results. The offered model has been used for suitable Production technology in Paraffin Industry and the results have been compared with the view points of experinced experts in this industry.

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Objective: The ITPA gene is responsible to remove free deaminated purine nucleotides of ITP, dITP and XTP from nucleotide pool of the cells. It seems that dysfunction in its activity, not only can increas the base substitution mutations frequency but also can works as a contrived factor to creating instability in genetic materials of the cells. There are several reports about the existence of structural and numerical genetic instability in the K562 cell genome. In this research, we examined the expression of ITPA gene as a possible contrived factor in observed genetic instability of this cell line. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the expression of target gene semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique was used. Then to examine the functionality of gene products, its cDNAs were cloned and their sequences were determined. Their proteins products were predicted using available bioinformatics soft wares and the results were compared. Results: The result of structural prediction of second mRNA showed that it has ability to encode a protein which has inability in substrate binding and also in its normal enzymatic activity. With regard to the fact that enzymatic activity of protein is dependent on the dimer formation, the function of hetero-dimer enzyme is changed. Therefore the catalytic activity of ITPase is predicted to be abnormal and it can be considered as a contrived factor for creating genetic instability in K562 cell line. Conclusion: The study of gene expression showed that ITPA gene is expressed in moderate level compared to GAPDH expression as an internal control in K562 cell. Two types of transcripts were detected in this line. One of them was the normal product of splicing process of primary hnRNA, but the second one contained a 51 nucleotides deletion in the mRNA coding region. It seems, this transcript is the product of a rare splicing process in this line.

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The engines of software movement in Iran are universities and research institutions. This movement, reflected in scientific production, is a product of basic, applied and evaluation research. PH.D and master degree students can play an important role in scientific production. Student’s dissertations and scientific papers can be a channel for rendering Iran scientific products. Indeed, universities not only transfer knowledge but also by academic researches, create knowledge and disseminate it in society. This created knowledge (Theory) must be evaluated. Therefore, in this paper, first we will discuss relationship between knowledge and theory, then offer a short viewpoint about concept of theory and building bricks of it and suggest some criteria for evaluating new theories in social science.

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Complexity theory is the science of studying adaptive complex system. This science includes chaos theory, self-organization theory and fractal geometry. The origin of this theory is in Biology. Although there are common elements between ontology, epistemology and methodology of complexity theory and postmodernism, we can’t say complexity theory is a postmodern theory because there are also similarities between complexity science and positivism paradigm. In this paper, we will compare complexity theory to postmodernism and positivism and the result is that complexity theory is not fully a postmedern theory.

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According to Fred Riggs's Prismatic Theory, ecology of public administration leads to the emerge of Sala model of administrative system in the third world countries. In Public Manager's Rotation, we belie that possessing public positions in administrative systems leads to the emerge of a specific ecology of public administration.

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The attention to servant leadership has increased in the recent years and different kinds of business, profit, educational and even governmental organizations have used servant leadership principles for managing their organizations. But doubts have been raised in regard to the effectiveness of implementing servant leadership for organizational effectiveness, especially, in governmental organizations. In the light of mixing Iranian culture with the goals of servantitude and importance of the topic, this article is concerned to test the effect of servant leadership on organizational effectiveness of Iranian governmental organizations through the two ways of leadership and followership effectiveness. For this purpose, after problem statement and reviewing the literature, the factors and the variables of theoretical research model was recognized and the respected questions were distributed among the managers and employees of 22 Iranian public organizations. T- student test was employed for examining the whole status of research dimensions. For testing the hypotheses, statistical tests of regression and Spearman correlation were employed. In examininig the relation between research dimensions, all of the relationships under study were verified. But the low score obtained for the mean of servant Leadership Measuring Instrument (OLA) in comparison to average mean explained that servant leadership is exercised weakly in Iranian public organizations while paternalistic leadership dominated them. Also the weak relationship of realization of organizational effectiveness through servant leadership - followership effectiveness denotes thelack of necessary attention to the followers and their role in organizational effectiveness. Finally, some suggestions are offered according to the results.

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In a recent decade there has been a great deal of interest in work engagement. This interest stems from evidences that show the strong relationship between engagement and individual and organizational outcomes. It has been reported that the level of employee engagement in organization is low. The decline in level of employee engagement costs organization billions of dollar in term of lost productivity. Different factors (such as job demands, job resources, personal resources) has been identified as antecedents and also different factor (such as organizational commitment, job satisfaction, Organizational citizenship behavior etc.) as consequences of work engagement. In this line, aim of this research is to explain antecedents of work engagement and its effect on organizational commitment. Results show that job resources (autonomy, social support, feedback, supervisory coaching, opportunities for development) and personal resources (self efficacy, proactive personality, conscientious trait) are work engagement antecedents. And work engagement has positive effect on organizational commitment.

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Attaining wellbeing and promoting standards of citizen's life is one of the pillars of national security of countries since a long time ago, and success of governments in achieving this goal is interpreted as one of their power elements, in a manner that guarantee of social member’s survival and achieving good and happy life is counted among major mission of governments. In present research, besides review of present literature about wellbeing, promoting national wellbeing is considered from perspective of improvement of public service qualities and good governance. Research methodology includes both descriptive and correlation analysis based on Structural Equation Modeling. Data was collected by means of documents and libraries studies. Research results indicated that improvement of good governance components result in national wellbeing promotion. Meanwhile, promoting good governance pave the way of wellbeing promotion in quantities direction such as gross domestic product, education, research, health and … and qualitative directions such as happiness. In other words, promoting good governance has dual objectives such as improvement of quantitative indexes like national product and growth of qualitative indexes such as decrease of social costs of economic growth, safeguarding resources for futur and stability of growth.

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Managing complexity requires complex mechanisms. Network problems need network resolutions. for achieving the goal of Iranian vision. Designing network public administaration is nesessary. Trational public administration and new public management can not implement networked governance. There is a connection between the type of problems faced by human and management knowledge for addressing these problems. One of them is public administration. All political systems select appropriate managerial style based on their political, social, economical and cultural conditions. Islamic political system also has its own management tradition. Therefore, Iranian political system must select a management system that fits with Iranain vision. In this paper, we will explore the theoretical, and practical foundations of network public administration and discuss the rationales of emerging network governance and its connection with various management movements as well as the steps of implementing network public administration in Iran.                          

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Over the years, political behavior has been one of topics of interest to researchers in the field of organizational behavior. The reason for this interest is the extensiveness of this type of behavior in the organizations. This study, with regarding political skill and political will as moderating variables, considers the impact of perceptions of organizational politics on political behavior. The statistical population consists of managers and workers of water industry. In this research, the stratified (classified) sampling is used. To collect data, the questionnaire from five-option Likert  scale was used, and the validity and reliability for each variable were confirmed. The data analysis was done by structural equation modeling, and path analysis by using LISREL software and Smart PLS. The results showed that perceptions of politics lead to political behavior, and political will moderates the relationship between the perceptions of politics and the political behavior. In this research, the moderating role of political skill was not confirmed.   Keywords: