---

Pear is one of the most important pome fruits in the world fruit market with a high nutritional value. This study was performed to determine the phenolic compounds and some chemical properties of the flesh and peel of 12 Asian and European pears. Chlorogenic acid and rutin were found the important phenolic compounds in the peel which were measured using HPLC. Fruit titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), firmness, color, nutrient elements, and total phenol contents were measured across the various cultivars. Potassium was the most abundant nutrient, followed by nitrogen and calcium, respectively. As the total phenol increased, so did the amount of rutin. Principal components analysis (PCA) of all data showed that European and Asian pear cultivars were categorized and placed into two distinct groups. In general, the different European and Asian pear studied cultivars were different in terms of most of the studied biochemical traits, and significant relationships were observed between some traits.
 

---

Abstract
Today, in the era of the domination of the virtual world over the real world, with the expansion of the Internet and social networks, social communication and subsequent elements of individual identity has undergone extensive quantitative and qualitative changes. Women, as the majority of social media users, are more exposed to threats and psychological harm than ever due to their physical and psychological characteristics. One of the types of harms that can be explained in the context of the knowledge of social psychology is "self-objectification".
     The present study is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the study is 271 high school girls in Kashan. By distributing a standard questionnaire with closed-ended questions, the necessary information was collected. In the process of objectification, women under the influence of media advertisements, draw ideals for themselves and in the same direction, they constantly evaluate and review themselves, and if they see their appearance closer to current patterns at the media, they gain self-confidence; otherwise, they become involved in physical shame. As a result, their self-confidence appears to be conditioned by the fact that it puts their mental health at risk, and this type of risky behavior based on criminological theories such as the lifestyle theory of Gottfredson and Hindelang is likely Increases victimization; Because the more recreational activities and leisure a person has, and the more she interacts with criminals or in criminal or dangerous environments, the more likely she is to become a victim.
 
Key words: Women Victimization, Social Networks, Self- objectification, Social Prevention

---

Propane and butane that are the contents of LPG are separated from natural gas in the unit 107 of 5^th refinery of South Pars Gas Company (SPGC). The concentration of methyl mercaptan and ethyl mercaptan in the propane stream are 551 and 46ppm, respectively, and the concentration of these components in butane stream are 1218 ppm and 0.8%, respectively. In order to remove mercaptans from butane and propane, aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide with 15 to 20% wt. is used for the scrubbing. In this research, using the Petro-SIM software, which is a particular simulator for oil and gas industries, the units 113, 114, and 115 of 5^th refinery of SPGC are simulated. The results of the simulation are compared with the data of both experimental data and design documents, and they are goodly match. Then, using the software optimizer the operating parameters is optimized. The optimization results show that by increasing the extraction temperature in the unit of 115 up to 46 ° C, the concentration of mercaptan in the products can be reduced. The other independent parameters do not affect the final result of the process.

---

Silicon (Si) is considered as one of the beneficial elements for plants that play important roles in plant resistance to stresses. In this experiment, the effects of three levels of silicon (0, 0.85 and 1.7 mM) on the growth and physiological processes of pumpkin were studied in plants inoculated with Sphaerotheca fuliginea (250000 conidia ml⁻¹) and non-inoculated plants under hydroponic condition. Applying silicon increased the Si concentration in plant tissues. Application of Si in plants inoculated with S. fuliginea decreased significantly severity of disease symptom (30%) and also the shoot membrane permeability was decreased. Addition of Si significantly increased the reactive sulfhydryl group content whereas disease decreased sulfhydryl group which was significantly lower in Si-free medium. The infected plants that were treatedwith 1.7 mM Si levels grew and yielded similar to non -infected pumpkins. Using Si nutrition decreased Fe and Mn and increased Zn concentration in the roots and shoots of plants. Alleviation of disease severity in the silicon treatments may be due to enhancing of plant tolerance to disease by decreasing of shoot membrane permeability, increasing the reactive sulfhydryl group content, and also due to effect of silicon on the uptake and distribution of some ions. This study revealed that Silicon at 1.7 mM used in hydroponic system effectively reduced powdery mildew and improved pumpkin growth.

---

Aim: Caesarean section is dramatically increasing across the world. Pregnant women have an increasing tendency for caesarean section without acceptable medical indications. In general, 50 to 60% of childbirths in Iran are cesarean section. Despite the high complications of cesarean section, they are not caused by medical problems. Therefore, the current survey aims to screen the effect of education on choosing delivery mode based on BASNEF model.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was done on 160 nulliparous women in the third trimester of pregnancy who were assigned randomly to the intervention (80 subjects) and control (80 samples) groups. A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized to collect the required data. Education and its content were developed according to the BASNEF model and the pregnant women's educational requirements. Numerous education methods were implemented in all target groups of intervention including pregnant women, their family and the health staffs. To analyze the data, paired and McNemar tests through SPSS version 18 were utilized. Significant level was also considered <0.05.
Findings: The majority of women were in the age range of 24-20 years. Only 1.2% of the women were illiterate in both groups. Knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms and intention were significantly different between the two arms before and 2 months after the intervention (p=0.001) except for intention. In addition, in the intervention group, they get information significantly from friends, families, printed materials, educational films, educational sessions in the Health Centers, and the health personnel after the intervention (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Designing educational programs about delivery mode based on BASNEF model appeared to be beneficial due to the model‟s emphasis on subjective norms and enabling factors; therefore, educational programs based on change behavior model can notably decrease the unnecessary cesarean section in the country.

---

Abstract:
Research Subject: Superplasticizers can be synthesized in different ways. The aim of this study is to present a two-step method for the synthesis of polycarboxylate ether and to investigate the temperature change in synthesis. In the first stage synthesis, the main chain and in the second stage synthesis, the side chains are created.
Research Approach: The synthesis of the primary copolymer was done by mass method and free radical mechanism. FTIR analysis was performed to identify the functional groups formed according to the predictions and to reach the desired copolymer. Then the copolymer viscosity was determined as a parameter determining the progression of the main chain length and in the second step, polycarboxylate ether was synthesized by solution using an optimized AA copolymer. First, FTIR analysis was performed to confirm the structure and HNMR test was performed to confirm the final synthesis. Then, GPC test was performed to determine the characteristics of the synthesized ether polycarboxylate, including the average molecular weight of the polymer and the molecular weight distribution curve, and MW and PDI values ​​were reported. Finally, the slump test was performed to confirm the performance.
Main Results: With increasing the temperature of copolymer synthesis, the length of the main chain also increases and the intensity of this increase is higher at high temperatures, but on the other hand, temperatures higher than 70 ° C also caused the destruction of the copolymer, which was detectable in the form of viscosity reduction and discoloration of the solution. Therefore, the initial synthesis should be performed at 70 ° C for 8 hours. The synthesis of polycarboxylate ether with equal molar ratios and maintaining the same conditions and only at different temperatures showed that the best synthesis temperature is 70 ° C for 6 hours. By increasing the molecular weight of polycarboxylate ether, by increasing the side chain, a better slump and flow in concrete was created.

---

In recent decades, following the changes in attitudes to cultural heritage and its values, approaches of the cultural places management also been changed. A values-based approach as a current most preferred approach to heritage conservation that often called “value-led”planning or “value led conservation management”. Since to distinguish it from more traditional conservation management approaches we must know some features of value based management. This approach adopted and advocated by major conservation authorities,both at the national and international level and by major research and educational institutions such as Getty conservation institute, and some other organization and institutes like English heritage, Unesco, Heritage Lottery Fund and etc.
Reviewing international documents and related theories indicates that the value-based approach is, in many ways, a response to the recognition of the increasing complexity of heritage. It evolved in various parts of the world, for instance in Canada and the USA, and became better known through the Burra Charter, first developed by ICOMOS Australia in 1979 and subsequently updated in 1999 and 2013.The Charter promoted the assessment of the significance of a place–based on the values attributed by all stakeholders (not only by the experts) and the use of a Statement of “Significance” – that has been used to mean the overall importance of a site, determined through an analysis o f the totality of the values attributed to it. Significance also reflects
The importance a place has with respect to one or several of its values, and in relation to other comparable sites and as a basis for developing conservation and management strategies. Also best practice for heritage conservation planning in Canada and British Columbia follows a value-based approach to the stewardship and management of historic places. This approach allows the community to clearly articulate why historic places matter, and ensures confidence that identified heritage values remain for present and future generations.
After a short time this concept was developed by the work on Conservation Plans by James Kerr (1982). He brought a systematic approach to developing conservation and management plans based on values and more importantly, on the cultural significance of a heritage place to society. In the context of a value-based approach, through the concepts of stakeholder groups and values, community is considered to be placed at the core of management, so sometimes the values of different groups become incompatible and can make serious conflicts, but heritage professionals have been looking for ways to bring forth the views of all stakeholders and to resolve the conflicts that inevitably arise. In this changed environment, decisions about heritage need to be negotiated and the search is for an approach that assures equity, avoiding those in which the values that prevail belong to the group with the most political power. In value based management heritage is not self evident,with intrinsic/inherent values, as in a material-based or traditional approach; it is people / stakeholder groups that ascribe (subjective) values to it and define heritage, and thus heritage is seen as an extrinsic and social process.Therefore, the main purpose of this approach is to maintain significance and promote the values which attributed to the place by all community groups. This management process uses heritage values to guide decision making about historic places. Heritage values are defined as the historic, aesthetic, spiritual, social, cultural, and scientific significance or importance of a place for past, present, or future generations. When beginning a value-based management system, it is best to have an understanding of the heritage values of the community as a whole before trying to understand the significance of individual places. The context study develops this big-picture understanding of why citizens care about the character and identity of the community, and how that has been shaped over time.

After presenting theoretical basics of value-based management in international levels, a section of essay is about Islamic culture and its perspective on cultural heritage management to clarify the common points of national and interinternational theoretical basis and extracting cultural heritage value priorities. The Holy Qur'an as the main reference of the Muslims and the pursuit of all values in the Islamic society can be a reliable source for examining the past position, cultural heritage and its values, the way of management and policy making in Islamic culture. In Islamic society, all personal and social relations and the rules governing it directly or indirectly originate from the concepts of the Qur'an and are in fact the best reference for obtaining social values; Since there is a strong relationship between the policies of heritage conservation management and social values in each society, the important rule of the Holy Qur'an cannot be denied in violation of social values in Islamic societies. That’s the truth that there are no direct and explicit references to cultural heritage, priority of values and their role in policy making and management in the holy Quran, but it can be deduced from some analyzes that Mahdi Hojjat (one of the great experts of Iranian cultural heritage has) given to Quranic verses in this regard that they can be used to provide a conceptual framework for research.
However the holy Qur'an as the encyclopedia and the origins of the Islamic community values has repeatedly emphasized on the cultural heritage and its values indirectly as with the perception of some of its verses we can prioritize the values attributed to cultural heritage into three main categories : 1- sociocultural values 2- historical-documentary values and 3- Instrumental values. After After classifying values they can applied in setting the policy framework based on Islamic social values system. The reality is that, management in the Islamic society should be based on the requirements of the local community and respect for them and this is exactly in line with the same international principles that nowadays emphasized by the formulation of management and conservation programs based on the partnership and needs of all stakeholders and the local community.
This paper seeks to develop a conceptual framework for value-based management through providing the whole process of management plan as a tool for value-based management. It can be achieved by reviewing international documents, operational guidelines of Institutions on the one hand, and the related theories and Islamic culture on the other, So based on research goals, the qualitative research methodology is chosen and with applying logical reasoning strategy as well as ‘content analysis’ and ‘logical inference. According to value-based management conceptual framework in this paper, significance that includes tangible and intangible values of the heritage, introduced as the core of proposed framework;to maintain the significance of place,three Steps should be considered: 1- Understanding the place 2- Developing policies and 3- Management. This process realized by participation of all conservationists, local communities and stakeholders. Finally, according to research studies and conceptual model, this article provides a general process for the management of cultural and historical places based on values-led approach.

---

Patients afflicted by diabetes mellitus (DM) usually have more infections than those without DM. The course of the infections is also more complicated in this group of patients. One of the possible causes of increased infections prevalence is a deficiency in the immunity. Besides some decreased cellular responses in vitro, no disturbances in adaptive immunity in diabetic patients have been described. Different disturbances (low complement factor 4, decreased cytokine response after stimulation) in humoral innate immunity have been described in diabetic patients. In this research hydrogen peroxide (reactive oxygen mediator) and nitric oxide (reactive nitrogen mediator) in the neutrophil and macrophage culture of peritone in rats were evaluated against C.albicans. Via intravenous injection of streptozocin (65 mg/kg), a diabetic rat model was obtained. nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide assay was performed by the Griess and Walter-Ruch methods respectively. C.albicans colony count on SCC medium was also done in two groups of healthy and diabetic mice. Macrophages of the healthy group reacted to C.albicans severly compared to the diabetic group which significantly produced more nitric oxide (P0.028). Neutrophils of the healthy group produced more No compared to the diabetic group against C.albicans (P0.165). No considerable difference was observed in production of hydrogen peroxide by macrophages in two groups of healthy and diabetic mice. Neutrophils of the diabetic group produced more hydrogen peroxide compared to the healthy group (P1). There was no significant difference in C.albicans colony count between the two healthy and diabetic groups (P0.058). Although nitrogen and oxygen related factors are changed or reduced after diabetic induction, changes in other immune system factors cannot be undermined.

---

---

---

Abstract Studying the response details of steel moment connections is very important due to the role of connections in moment resisting frames. The aims of this research were: i) to study the damage indices of steel material including: Pressure Index, Mises Index, Equivalent Plastic Strain Index, Triaxiality Index, and Rupture Index and ii) to compare these indices at connections of steel moment frames under earthquake loads. To achieve this, time history nonlinear dynamic analysis is performed using selected earthquake records on 2D model of special steel frame with ten storey and one bay to determine maximum rotations of connections. Then, damages indices of the selected connections under maximum rotation of records are investigated with selecting two types of moment connections. The results indicate that damage indices are dependent on type of connection, location of surveying, and rotations caused by earthquake movements. This dependency is very considerable for Equivalent Plastic Strain Index and Ruptureindices

---

Leptus (Leptus) molochinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) was collected as an ectoparasite on Ophion sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Paederus fuscipes Curtis, 1826 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), Cicadella viridis (L. 1758) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Peritrechus sp. (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae); the ectoparasitic mite, Solistrus mitrae Saboori, Ueckermann & van Harten, 2008 was also found on an undetermined ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Guilan province, Iran. Additional morphometric data for L. (L.) molochinus larvae are provided. Solistrus mitrae is reported for the second time in the world. Ophion sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), P. fuscipes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), C. viridis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Peritrechus sp. (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) are recorded as new host taxa for L. (L.) molochinus and unknown ant species is new host for S. mitrae.

---

Residual stress measurement is one of the most interesting research areas in experimental mechanics. Residual stress is introduced to material due to plastic deformation of parts and can be one of the most effective parameters on design and operation of parts. ASTM E837-01 standard studies residual stress determination in parts by hole drilling method and represent calibration coefficients for flat sheets with constant stress profile. However, there is no certain standard on the residual stress measurement by Incremental Hole Drilling Method (IHDM) which is the subject of this study. IHDM can obtain stress profile by using two modified stress calibration coefficients. In this article, the stress calibration coefficients have been extracted for incremental hole drilling by using finite element analysis (FEA). FEA contains both biaxial tension test and pure shear test which a hole has been drilled step by step in the parts by removing elements and the strains changes were determined at three strain gauge positions on the surface. At last, the calibration coefficients are determined for each step and the accuracy of coefficients have been verified by a set of experimental test and a FE analysis. The experimental test contains four-point bending of an AA5056 flat aluminum sheet. The numerical analysis contains four-point bending of a flat sheet. In both cases, the stress profile can be determined easily by using analytical equations. Average analytical stress in each increment has been calculated and compared with the result of numerical incremental hole drilling method. The comparisons show that numerical and experimental results have no significant differences in first six steps but in the last four steps show an increasing errors due to the change in stress profile and hole geometry. Results presents that the calibration coefficients have suitable accuracy in stress profile determination.

---

In stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), breeding programs are mainly aimed at developing plants with high Rebaudioside-A (RA) content. To this end, in order to screen stevia plants and selection of varieties with the highest amount of desired sweeteners (RA) using molecular markers, the present study was conducted on RNA-seq data of varieties having different amounts of RA. We took advantage of CLC to make de novo transcriptome assembly for each variety with k-mer and contig length values of 20 and 200bp, respectively. The assembly was annotated using the latest Arabidopsis proteome release. To identify signatures of candidate polymorphic SSRs among the stevia varieties, the assembled sequences were used as an input for CandiSSR, followed by designing primer pairs for identified polymorphic SSRs. We identified 368 potential polymorphic SSRs based on the stevia transcriptome analysis, among which 360 were qualified for primer design. Almost 89% of the contig sequences possessing polymorphic SSRs had the best blast hit against Arabidopsis proteome. We found contigs similar to the UDP-Glycosyltransferase protein family and Deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase which are involved in biosynthesis pathway of steviol glycosides. Also, gene set enrichment analysis using PlantGSE through Hypergeometric test (FDR<0.05) identified enriched metabolic pathways in the sequences contained polymorphic SSRs; It is therefore most likely that such connections exist between the SSRs and biosynthesis of steviol glycosides. Hence, it could conceivably be hypothesized that the SSR markers developed in this study would be reliable in molecular breeding of stevia toward selection of varieties with high RA content.

---

ABSTRACT Rosa damascena has attracted considerable attention in horticulture, biochemistry and in pharmacology because of the fragrance of the flowers and the high content of its bio-logically active substances. There is limited information available on factors controlling flower yield and its components. The present study reports an investigation on flower yield and the various factors affecting it, in Iranian Rosa damascena using sixteen geno-types collected from different regions in Iran. These genotypes were planted at Isfahan Agriculture Research Center, using a randomized complete block design with three repli-cations in 2005. Twelve yield determining characters including flower yield per plant, number of flowers per plant, fresh flower weight, plant height, canopy diameter, length and width of bud, number of petal per flower, length and width of receptacle, fresh weight of petal as well as flowering period were recorded. Rosa damascena genotypes sig-nificantly varied for all the traits except for the fresh weight of petals per flower. Pheno-typic and genotypic coefficients of variation for flower yield per plant (48.03%, 36.49%), number of flowers per plant (40.65%, 26.99%), number of petals per flower (37.56%, 32.31%) were higher than the coefficients for other tested traits. Cluster analysis revealed that Khuzestan and Shiraz 2 genotypes were the most related ones, while the most inde-pendent ones were the western and eastern Azerbaijan genotypes. Results of stepwise re-gression analysis showed that 90 percent of total variation of flower yield per plant could be explained by the number of flowers per plant. This suggested that number of flowers per plant is the most important component determining flower yield per plant. According to principle component analysis, parents with a high standing of the following traits: fresh weight of flower, number of petals per flower and bud width, may well be employed for hybridization in a breeding program. Regression and cluster analyses proved to be the appropriate multivariate analyses for an identification of Rosa damascena genotypes pos-sessing the desirable characters for hybridization to develop improved cultivars.

---

In the present paper, the parameters of Johnson - Cook (JC) constitutive model for two steels have been identified, based on the Hopkinson pressure bar test results. The experimental data has been taken from the split Hopkinson pressure bar data found in the literature. Using the measured strain pulses, the experimental stress - strain and deformation - time curves can be extracted. The experimental data have been processed using two different methods. In the first method strain rate assume to be constant during deformation and in the other one the deformation has been applied to a modeled specimen. In each method, an optimal set of material constants for JC constitutive model have been computed by minimizing the standard deviation of the numerically obtained stress - strain curve from the experimental data. Also a sensitivity analysis has been performed on JC constitutive model parameters and temperature changes during test have been investigated. The obtained results show that using constant strain rate method, leads to considerable error in results; for example in this study the minimum error is about 14%.

---

Aims: The industrial heritage buildings and sites can be a stage for people to meet, which create memorable experiences. Adaptive reuse of such buildings by applying the experience economy can provide more suggestions so that they can be exploited appropriately by designing different experiences.
Methods: In the present research, related documents and theories are studied by the lense of logical argumentation strategy. "personal context", "social context" and "physical context" based on the theoretical framework of the research have been emphasized.
Finding: The design of experience in Rey Cement factory has been done based on these three components using four realms of Pin and Gilmore. Therefore, proposed uses have been defined according to the principles considered in this research, considering the authenticity of the industrial site and the production of new collective experiences, the result of which is the coexistence of different uses in this site.
Conclusion: The industrial heritage of is the basis for the growth and development. Nowadays, conservation and adaptive reuse of such buildings can be in line with their previous goals in economic development. experience design is one of the newest ways in economics. The results of the research show that experience based design can be a useful tool for heritage conservation. And this research tries to deal with heritage tourism from an experience-based perspective based on the criteria obtained from the conceptual framework of the research. And to better explain the approach, suggestions have been made for the experience-based design of Ray Cement Factory.

---

This study was performed to determine the identification (barcoding) using cytochrome oxidase gene of common carp, between three provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan (respectively in Gomishan, Tajan and Kiashahr) in 2011. The results of sequencing showed that all samples from the three regions had a genetic distance less than 2%, so all samples were from the same species. The results of sequencing 30 tail samples of carp species on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea showed that all samples are of the same species and their genetic distance does not reach at least 2%. Therefore, all carp samples of the three provinces are of the same species and have the same type of barcode. In the study of nucleotide and haplotypic distance, Gomishan region was 10.75000, 1 and Kiashahr region were 3.200 and 0.9333, respectively. In the study of nucleotide diversity between the two regions, 0.01978 and the average nucleotide difference was 12.187. Haplotypic diversity in Gomishan region was 38.095 and in Kiashahr region was 23.809%. Out of 13 haplotypes, Gomishan region with 8 haplotypes (61.53%) and Kiashahr region with 5 haplotypes (38.46%) had the lowest haplotypes.The results of this study show that there is a significant difference between carp samples in Gomishan and Kiashahr regions in terms of nucleotide and haplotypic diversity (P <0.05).

---

---

During a faunistic survey on mites in Kastamonu and Sinop provinces near Black Sea of Türkiye during the years 2013–2017, some larval specimens of parasitengone mites were collected from soil and light traps and identified as Erythraeus (E.) ankaraicus Saboori, Çobanoğlu and Bayram 2004, Allothrombium clavatum Saboori, Pešić and Hakimitabar, 2010, Abrolophus kazimierae (Haitlinger, 1986), Abrolophus poljankus Haitlinger and Šundić, 2021, Allothrombium meridionale Berlese, 1910, Empitrombium makolae Sevsay and Karakurt, 2013, Leptus (Leptus) slivovi Beron, 1975 and Calyptostoma velutinum (Müller, 1776). In this study, Leptus (Leptus) slivovi Beron, 1975, Abrolophus poljankus Haitlinger and Šundić, 2021 and Abrolophus balkanicus Haitlinger and Šundić, 2015 are new records to the mite fauna of Türkiye. Also, the identification key to known species of Abrolophus of the world without a comb-like seta on the palpal tarsus is updated.